狀語從句

　　在復(fù)合句中, 起狀語作用的從句稱作狀語從句。

　　根據(jù)語義, 狀語從句分為:

　　時(shí)間狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句、條件狀語從句、原因狀語從句、

　　讓步狀語從句、比較狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、

　　方式狀語從句。

　　狀語從句可放在句首或句末。如狀語從句位于主語前,一般用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開。

　　(一)時(shí)間狀語從句

　　When you cross a main road, you must be very careful.

　　Until we learn the facts, we can’t do anything about it.

　　[提示]

　　1. when, as, while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)都可以表示主句的動(dòng)作與從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生, 即同時(shí)性。它們的區(qū)別在于:

　　when和as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中的動(dòng)作既可以是延續(xù)性的, 也可以是非延續(xù)性的, 即瞬時(shí)性的;

　　while引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中的動(dòng)作只能是延續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

　　當(dāng)主句和從句中的動(dòng)作均為延續(xù)動(dòng)作時(shí), 一般用while, 而不用when或as。當(dāng)表示兩個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)展、變化的情況時(shí), 一般用as, 作“隨著…”解。

　　When she comes, I shall tell her to wait for you.

　　As she got older, she got wiser.

　　While Peter was reading, his wife was cooking.

　　2. 有些副詞和一些表示時(shí)間的名詞詞組也可用作從屬連詞,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。如instantly, immediately, directly, the day, every time, the minute, the second, the moment等。

　　Immediately he arrived, he started describing us what had happened.

　　The day he returned home, his grandpa was already dead.

　　(二)條件狀語從句

　　引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞有:

　　if, unless, as (so) long as, only if(只要)。

　　If you don’t come on time, we’ll start out without you.

　　As (so) long as you keep on trying, you’ll certainly succeed.

　　[提示]

　　除了以上提到的從屬連詞外, 還有其它的一些詞或詞組也可引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。

　　如: providing that, provided, supposing that, suppose that, on condition that, in case等。

　　Provided (that) he wins the support of the minority groups, he will be able to win the election.

　　I will go providing that my expenses are paid.要是我的費(fèi)用有人代付我就去

　　Supposing he is not at home, what then? 假如他不在家,那怎么辦?

　　You can use the bicycle on condition that you return it tomorrow.只要你明天歸還,自行車你可以拿去用。

　　In case she comes back, let me know immediately.假使她回來了,立刻告訴我

　　Take the raincoat in case it rains.帶著雨衣,以防下雨。

　　(三)原因狀語從句

　　引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有: because, since, as, now(that), in that, considering that等。

　　Since the speaker can’t come, we’ll have to cancel the meeting.

　　Considering he’s only been learning English a year he speaks it very well.考慮到他只學(xué)了一年英語,他講得算是很流利了。

　　We didn’t know what to do as we were just visiting there.我們不知道該怎么辦,因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)我們僅僅在那里作訪問。

　　Since it is so hot, let’s go swimming.既然天氣這么熱,我們?nèi)ビ斡景伞?/P>

　　[提示]

　　in that和now(that)的用法: in that引導(dǎo)的從句對(duì)主句進(jìn)行解釋和說明,意思是: 在…方面, 在于…; 因?yàn)�。now(that)表示既然。

　　Theory is valuable in that it can provide a direction for practice.

　　理論所以有價(jià)值,就在于它能給實(shí)踐指出方向。

　　Now (that) the weather has improved, let’s go out for a picnic.

　　既然天氣已轉(zhuǎn)好, 我們就出去野餐吧。

　　(四)讓步狀語從句

　　引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞有: though, although, even if (even though), as, no matter…despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that, while。

　　Tom always enjoys swimming, even though the weather is rough.

　　Despite the fact that there exists national differences, certain funny situations have a universal appeal.

　　Tired as he was, he sat up late.他雖然疲倦,可仍然很晚才睡。

　　No matter how they slander us, we will never give in.不管他們?cè)鯓诱u謗我們,我們決不讓步。

　　While I like the color of the hat, I do not like its shape.雖然我喜歡這頂帽子的顏色,但我不喜歡它的形狀。

　　[提示]

　　一些疑問詞在詞尾加上ever后, 也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,相當(dāng)于no matter+疑問詞。這些詞包括: whatever, wherever, whenever, whoever, however。

　　Whatever he says, don’t believe him.

　　Whoever you are, you must obey the traffic regulations.

　　(五)目的狀語從句

　　引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞有: so that, in order that, lest, in case, for fear that。

　　They climbed to the top of the building in order that they could get a bird’s-eye view of the city.

　　Ask her to hurry up with these letters so that I can sign them.

　　We dare not play jokes on him lest he should become angry.我們不敢開他玩笑生怕他動(dòng)氣。

　　[提示]

　　so that和in order that的區(qū)別: so that更常用, in order that更正式。so that引導(dǎo)的從句一般置于句末,而in order that引導(dǎo)的從句既可置于句首, 又可置于句末。

　　In order that the grass and flowers could bloom again, it was necessary that the rocks should be removed.

　　She got up early so that she could catch the first bus.

　　(六)結(jié)果狀語從句

　　結(jié)果狀語從句一般由下列連詞引導(dǎo): so that, so…that, such…that。

　　He overslept, (so) that he was late for work.

　　They got such a fright that they dropped the bag and ran away.

　　[提示]

　　1. so…that和such…that的區(qū)別。so后接形容詞或副詞, such后接名詞。

　　It was so cold that we had to cancel the game.

　　It’s such a good chance that we mustn’t miss it.

　　2. so that既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句, 也可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時(shí), 一般從句動(dòng)詞前會(huì)出現(xiàn)can(could),may(might),shall(should),而so that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句表示客觀事實(shí), 不會(huì)出現(xiàn)上述詞語。

　　引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的so that前常有逗號(hào), 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語可置于句首,而so that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句只能置于句末。

　　He left early so that he could catch the train.

　　他早早動(dòng)身, 以便能趕上車。(目的)

　　He left early, so that he caught the train.

　　他早早動(dòng)身, 趕上了火車。(結(jié)果)

　　(七)方式狀語從句

　　引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的從屬連詞有as, as if(though), the way, how。

　　He made some changes as you had suggested.

　　She was behaving as if (though) she hadn’t grown up.