名詞性從句

　　引導(dǎo)這些名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞包括:

　　從屬連詞that, if, whether;

　　連接代詞who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, what, whatever, whose;

　　連接副詞where, when, why, how。

　　其中, 從屬連詞只起連接作用, 在從句中不充當任何句法成分,

　　而連接代詞和連接副詞既起連接作用, 在從句中又充當一定的成分.

　　That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising. (主語從句)

　　The fact is that he didn’t go to the dinner party. (表語從句)

　　I don’t know if he will attend the meeting. (賓語從句)

　　Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom? (同位語從句)

　　你聽說瑪麗要和湯姆結(jié)婚的消息了嗎?(that引導(dǎo)同位語從句)

　　[提示]

　　1. 在含有主語從句的復(fù)合句中, 為保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主語,而將真正的主語從句置于句末.

　　It’s well-known that water is indispensable to life.(形式主語)

　　2. 為保持句子平衡, that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句也常用it代替, 而將真正的賓語從句置于主句句末。這常常出現(xiàn)在主句有形容詞或分詞作賓語補足語的情況下。

　　He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here.

　　3. 從屬連詞whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引導(dǎo)主語從句和表語從句。whether可與or(not)連用, 而if不可以。

　　I don’t know whether (if) she is at home.

　　Whether she comes or not makes no difference.

　　4. that和what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別: that在從句中不充當成分,而what在從句中充當一定的成分, 如主語、表語、賓語等。that可省略, what則不可省。

　　He always means what he says.

　　She suggested (that) he do it at once.

　　5. 同位語從句大多由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo), 常跟在下列名詞后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省。同位語從句一般用來解釋說明這些名詞的具體含義和內(nèi)容。

　　We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms.

　　The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.