2017考研英語語法小講：虛擬語氣其他10種句型及用法

　　1、用在“wish+賓語從句”中，表示很難實(shí)現(xiàn)或不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，可以翻譯為“但愿…”, “悔不該…”等。表示現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句的謂語動詞用過去式;表示將來的愿望，從句的謂語動詞用“would (could)+動詞原形”;對過去的事情表示愿望，從句的謂語動詞用 “had+過去分詞” 或“could + have + 過去分詞”。Wish 后面的賓語從句必須用虛擬語氣，不管這個愿望是否能實(shí)現(xiàn)。如：

　　I wish it were Spring all the year round.

　　I wish you could go with us.

　　We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.

　　2、用在as if/as though,或even if/even though引導(dǎo)的從句中: 這時，如果從句中表示的動作發(fā)生在過去，則謂語動詞用had+過去分詞形式;如果指的時現(xiàn)在的狀況，則用過去式(be用were);指將來則用would(should, could)+動詞原形。這里只看從句動作發(fā)生的時間，與主句的時態(tài)沒有關(guān)系。

　　3、在It is (high) time (that)…句型中，后面的從句的謂語動詞常用過去式(be的過去式用were), 或用should+動詞原形(should 不能省略)來表示。這句話的意思是“(現(xiàn)在)該…”。For example:

　　It is time we left/should leave.

　　It is high time that you got married.

　　4、在 I would rather (that)…句型中，后面的從句的謂語動詞用過去式(be的過去式用were)。這句話的意思是“我寧可…”，表示說話人的意愿。

　　For example:

　　I’d rather I were in the rain now.

　　I’d rather you did not tell him.

　　5、用在suppose開頭的祈使句中，從句的謂語動詞變化與as if后面的動詞變化規(guī)律相同，用過去式、過去完成式、或過去將來式。意思是“假如…”，但suppose 是動詞，不是連詞。如：

　　Suppose the boss walked in. What should I do?

　　Suppose Saddam had not been captured. What would the U.S. do?

　　Suppose Chen Shui-bian should declare Taiwan independent. What would China do?

　　6、用在for fear that或lest引導(dǎo)的從句中，表示“怕…”“萬一…”等意思。從句的謂語動詞用should+動詞原形，should 可以省略。如：

　　She closed the windows for fear that she (should) catch cold.

　　The officer forbade the use of artillery lest the city’s industry be damaged.

　　Lest the wall should collapse, they evacuated from the building.

　　7. 在表示建議、要求、命令等意思的動詞，如arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest, beg, move(提議)后面的賓語從句中，謂語動詞用should + 動詞原形，should 可以省略，而引導(dǎo)賓語從句的that 不能省略。例如：

　　We suggested that we (should) have a meeting.

　　We insisted that they (should) go with us.

　　The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.

　　He demanded that we (should) start right away.

　　The commander ordered that the bridge (should) be bombed.

　　The villagers requested that the old building not be pulled down.

　　Now let’s do some translation:

　　總經(jīng)理堅(jiān)持該項(xiàng)目必須按計劃執(zhí)行。

　　The general manager insisted that the project be carried out as planned.

　　省長請求再給他一次機(jī)會。

　　The governor requested that he be given another chance.

　　美國要求伊朗必須無條件放棄其核武器計劃。

　　The United States demanded that Iran should unconditionally give up its nuclear weapon program (program to develop nuclear weapons)

　　最高法院裁定此案必須重新審理。

　　The Supreme Court ruled that this case be retried.

　　醫(yī)生建議，即使在節(jié)假日人們也不應(yīng)該熬夜。

　　8、使用上述表示建議、要求、命令等意思的動詞派生的名詞，或在這些動詞用作名詞時，名詞之后的從句用虛擬語氣，即從句的謂語動詞用should+動詞原形，should 可以省略。從句的引導(dǎo)詞that 不能省略。這與上述第7項(xiàng)類似。如：

　　He made a request that he (should) be allowed to take 3 days off. = He requested that he be allowed to take 3 days off.

　　Our suggestion is that education not be industrialized. = We suggest that education not be industrialized.

　　The president’s decision is that the war against terrorism be launched at the right time. =The president decided that the war against terrorism be launched at the right time.

　　9、上述動詞在It is suggested that…, It is required that…, It’s requested that…, It’s ordered that…, It’s arranged that…句型中，that 之后的從句用虛擬語氣，即謂語動詞用should+動詞原形, should 可以省略，但引導(dǎo)詞that 不能省略。如：

　　It was suggested that he attend the conference.

　　It was requested that the trial be openly reported.

　　10、在It’s important (imperative, necessary, essential, vital, desirable, advisable, better) that…句型中，that 引導(dǎo)的從句用虛擬語氣，即謂語動詞用should + 動詞原形,should可以省略。這個句型表示說話人的意見、要求等。

　　For example:

　　It is essential that there should be enough food and clothing for the winter.

　　It is desirable that your wedding be postponed until next July.

　　It is imperative that the board chairman be present at the board meeting.

　　另外，在一些習(xí)慣用語中也有虛擬語氣的形式。但最好把這些習(xí)慣用語作為一種句型來記住。如：

　　May you be happy!

　　May you succeed!

　　Long live the People’s Republic of China!

　　Everybody leave the room!

　　You had better not resign.

　　I would rather not tell you.

　　總之，虛擬語氣是英語中的一個難點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樘摂M語氣的用法和句型較多，動詞的變化比較復(fù)雜。在學(xué)習(xí)的時候要逐個過關(guān)。同時，也要善于發(fā)現(xiàn)虛擬語氣的規(guī)律。根據(jù)動詞的變化，大致可以把虛擬語氣分為三種：

　　一種是動詞用過去式，過去分詞式，或過去將來式，這主要是用if…, wish, suppose的情況;

　　一種是動詞用should+動詞原形(should可以省略)，這主要用于表示建議、要求、命令等意思的動詞或名詞后面所接的從句，以及It is important (necessary) that…后面所接的從句;

　　一種是動詞用過去式，如It is (high) time (that)…和I would rather 后面的從句。同學(xué)們還可以自己總結(jié)適合自己的規(guī)律，如把虛擬語氣句型可以分為用于簡單句、條件狀語從句、賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句、定語從句、同位語從句等。

　　Now let’s do some exercises to consolidate what we have learned about subjunctive mood: