2017考研英語語法小講：語法一致原則

　　語法一致原則是指句子的主語和謂語在語法形式上一致，即通常情況下，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式依主語的單復數(shù)形式而定， 主語為單數(shù)形式時謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式， 主語為復數(shù)形式時謂語動詞也用復數(shù)形式。具體內容請看下文。

　　1. 以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式;主語為復數(shù)時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

　　注意：由what引導的主語從句，后面的謂語動詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語是復數(shù)或what從句是一個帶有復數(shù)意義的并列結構時，主句的謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.

　　2. 由連接詞and或both …… and連接起來的合成主語后面，要用復數(shù)形式的謂語動詞。如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.

　　注意：(1)若and所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物時，它后面的謂語動詞就應用單數(shù)形式。如：The writer and artist has come. (2)由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no， each， every more than a (an) ， many a (an)修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it.

　　3. 主語為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有with， together with， except， but， like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides， including等引起的短語，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式;若主語為復數(shù)，謂語用復數(shù)形式。如：Mr. Green， together with his wife and children， has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She， like you and Tom， is very tall.

　　4. either， neither， each， every 或no +單數(shù)名詞和由some， any， no， every構成的復合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.

　　注意：(1)在口語中當either或neither后跟有“of+復數(shù)名詞(或代詞)”作主語時，其謂語動詞也可用復數(shù)。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. (2)若none of后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語動詞就要用單數(shù);若它后面的名詞是復數(shù)，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)或復數(shù)都可以。如：None of us has (have) been to America.

　　5. 在定語從句時，關系代詞that， who， which等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.

　　6. 如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù);如果它指集體的成員，其謂語動詞就用復數(shù)形式。這些詞有family， class， crowd， committee， population， audience等。如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.

　　注意：people， police， cattle等名詞一般都用作復數(shù)。如：The police are looking for the lost child.

　　7. 由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， the majority of + 名詞”構成的短語以及由“分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+名詞”構成的短語作主語，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.

　　注意：a number of“許多”，作定語修飾復數(shù)名詞，謂語用復數(shù);the number of“……的數(shù)量”，主語是number，謂語用單數(shù)。

　　8. 在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應與其后的主語一致。如：There comes the bus. / On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.