2018年考研英語翻譯模擬練習(xí)題（4）

　　1. It is possible to make specific complementary DNA’s (cDNA’s)that can serve as molecular probes to seek out the messenger RNA’ s (mRNA’ s) of the peptide hormones. If brain cells are making the hormones，the cells will contain these Mrna’S. If the products the brain cells make resemble the hormones but are not identical to them，then the cDNA’s should still bind to these mRNA’s，but should not bind as tightly as they would to mRNA’s for the true hormones. (4)

　　科學(xué)家可以制造出特異的(specific)互補(bǔ)DNA’s(cDNA’s)，以此作為分子探子(molecular probe)，探覓出肽激素的信使 RNA’s(mRNA’s)。如果大腦正在制造著肽激素，則細(xì)胞就會(huì)含有這些信使 RNA’s.假若細(xì)胞所制造的產(chǎn)品類似于肽激素但并非與這些肽激素全然相同，那么，互補(bǔ)cDNA’s應(yīng)仍然和這些信使mDNA’s粘結(jié)的程度。含有這些mRNA’s的腦細(xì)胞然后就可以被分離開來，研究者可對(duì)其信使RNA’s進(jìn)行解碼，以確定它們的蛋白質(zhì)產(chǎn)品究竟是什么，并確定這些蛋白質(zhì)產(chǎn)品在何種程度上類似于真正的肽激素。

　　難句類型：易混詞

　　解釋：與其他的難句不同的是，心上的英文不止一句。筆者之所以在本句中不設(shè)標(biāo)志和翻譯，是因?yàn)檫@三句話從結(jié)構(gòu)和意思上來說并不難。然而很少有人能夠真正的一次把這段話讀清楚，原因在于兩個(gè)容易混淆的單詞cDNA’s和mRNA’s在文中交替出現(xiàn)，而且相互作用;再加上 brain cell和 hormones 從中搗亂，更難讀清楚原文的意思。原文的主要意思如下：可以用 cDNA’s 來探測(cè) mRNA’s。如果腦細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生了荷爾蒙，則其中必有 mRNA’s 意味著可用 cDNA 探測(cè)荷爾蒙。如果腦細(xì)胞制造的不是真荷爾蒙，則可以用cDNA’s與其中的mRNA’s附著的情況來確定此荷爾蒙的真假。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：It is possible to make specific complementary DNA’s (cDNA’s)that can serve as molecular probes to seek out the messenger RNA’ s (mRNA’ s) of the peptide hormones. If brain cells are making the hormones， the cells will contain these Mrna’S. If the products the brain cells make resemble the hormones but are not identical to them，then the cDNA’s should still bind to these mRNA’s，but should not bind as tightly as they would to mRNA’s for the true hormones.

　2. The molecular approach to detecting peptide hormones using cDNA probes should also be much faster than the immunological method because it can take years of tedious purifications to isolate peptide hormones and then develop antiserums to them. (4)

　　采用cDNA探子來測(cè)定肽激素的這一分子生物學(xué)方法同時(shí)也應(yīng)該比免疫學(xué)的方法速度來得快，因?yàn)閷?duì)于免疫的方法來說，需耗費(fèi)好幾年枯燥的提純進(jìn)程，方能將肽素分離了出來，然后再培養(yǎng)出針對(duì)它們的抗血清。

　　難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、易混指代

　　解釋：主語后的修飾成分同樣隔開了主語和謂語，但本句的難度主要在 because 從句中。按照一般的習(xí)慣，作為從句主語的it應(yīng)該指主句的主語，但本句的主句是一個(gè)比較結(jié)構(gòu)，A should be faster than B because it…,此處it也可以指 B。但是因?yàn)檫@種指代不符合和我們以前所形成的習(xí)慣，所以閱讀現(xiàn)場(chǎng)不得不邊讀邊根據(jù)句意來判斷，這就增加了閱讀理解的難度。

　　現(xiàn)場(chǎng)閱讀時(shí)，類似antiserums的這種專有名詞不必理會(huì)，僅需從詞頭anti推出這是一個(gè)反p荷爾蒙的東西即可。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：The molecular approach to detecting peptide hormones using cDNA probes should also be much faster than the immunological method because it can take years of tedious purifications to isolate peptide hormones and then develop antiserums to them.

　　3. Nevertheless, researchers of the Pleistocene epoch have developed all sorts of more or less fanciful model schemes of how they would have arranged the Ice Age had they been in charge of events.(3+)

　　然而，研究 P 時(shí)代的研究者發(fā)展除了各種各樣的或多或少有些奇怪思想的模型系統(tǒng)，用來顯示如果由他們來決定地質(zhì)事件的話他們將會(huì)如何安排冰川紀(jì)。

　　難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、倒裝、修辭

　　解釋：句末的由how引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句中包括了雙重的倒裝，正常的語序本來是： If they had been in charge of events, they would have arranged the Ice Age in certain model schemes。本句中由于arrange的方式被提前，就造成了arrange的動(dòng)作

　　執(zhí)行者也要提前，前面的if they had been 則必須后置;這樣一來又造成了if被省略，成had they been的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。另外，作者為了表達(dá)其對(duì)于這些研究者的模型的負(fù)態(tài)度，并炫耀其幽默感，在本句中使用了虛擬語氣，并使用了fanciful這個(gè)詞以表示這些研究的不負(fù)責(zé)任、異想天開的幼童心理。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：Nevertheless, researchers of the Pleistocene epoch have developed all sorts of more or less fanciful model schemes of how they would have arranged the Ice Age had they been in charge of events.

　　4. This succession was based primarily on a series of deposits and events not directly related to

　　glacial and interglacial periods，rather than on the more usual modern method of studying biological remains found in interglacial beds themselves interstratified within glacial deposits. (4)

　　這一序列演替(succession)所依據(jù)的，主要是一系列與冰川期和間冰期并不直接相關(guān)的地質(zhì)沉積物和地質(zhì)事件，而不是依據(jù)更為普遍的現(xiàn)代方法，去研究間冰層(interglacial bed)中所發(fā)現(xiàn)的生物殘留物，而這些間冰層本身又在冰川沉積物發(fā)生間層化(interstatified)。

　　難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、省略、易淆指代

　　解釋：句子中的rather than 之后省略了與前面重復(fù)的being based,直接加上了介詞on。Modern method后面的部分都是修飾method 的。其中的remains既可以作動(dòng)詞也可以作名詞，此處是名詞的用法，biological remains 指的是類似于動(dòng)物化石之類的遺跡。讀到這里我們看到了句子的難點(diǎn)，themselves既可以指前面離得很遠(yuǎn)的modern method(當(dāng)然，在語法上來講單復(fù)數(shù)不一致)，也可以指前面離得較遠(yuǎn)的biological remains，亦可以指緊挨著的interglacial beds，到底是指代哪一個(gè)，只有通過理解句意，才能確定在此處指biological remains。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：This succession was based primarily on a series of deposits and events not directly related to glacial and interglacial periods，rather than on the more usual modern method of studying biological remains found in interglacial beds themselves interstratified within glacial deposits.

　　5. There have been attempts to explain these taboos in terms of inappropriate social relationships either between those who are involved and those who are not simultaneously involved in the satisfaction of a bodily need，or between those already satiated and those who appear to be shamelessly gorging.(5)

　　人們?cè)噲D對(duì)這些禁忌作出解釋，所依據(jù)的要么是那些正置身于某一身體需要滿足的人與那些并置身于某一身體需要之滿足的人之間的，要么是那些早已酒足飯飽的人與那些正在不知羞恥地狼吞虎咽失之間的不相稱的社會(huì)關(guān)系。

　　難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、省略

　　解釋：前面的主架構(gòu) There have been attempts to explain these taboos 很簡(jiǎn)單，從 in terms of inappropriate social relationships開始句子變難，ralationship后面跟著一個(gè)一直延續(xù)到句末的長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的修飾成分，其中有兩個(gè)固定搭配，either…or…和between…and…，不但如此，原文把這兩個(gè)搭配又套在一起，變成了either between…and…,or between…and…;再加上每一個(gè)between…and之后都是those who這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)，就愈發(fā)令人眼花繚亂了。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：There have been attempts to explain these taboos in terms of inappropriate social relationships eitherbetween those who are involved and those who are not simultaneously involved in thesatisfaction of a bodily need，or between those already satiated and those who appear to be shamelessly gorging.