6. Some geologists，however，on the basis of observations concerning mantle xenoliths， argue that the mantle is not layered，but that heterogeneity is created by fluids rich in "incompatible elements"(elements tending toward liquid rather than solid state)percolating upward and transforming portions of the upper mantle irregularly，according to the vagaries of the fluids’ pathways. (4+)

　　但是，某些地質(zhì)學(xué)家，以對(duì)地幔捕虜巖體(xenolith)所作的觀(guān)察為依據(jù)，指出地幔并非是分層排列的，相反，地幔的異質(zhì)性是由那些富含“不相容成分”的流質(zhì)構(gòu)成的，這些成分趨向于流體而非固體的狀態(tài)，自下而上滲透擴(kuò)散，并依照這些流質(zhì)流向的任意性，不規(guī)則地將上部地幔的某些部分予以改變。

　　難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)

　　解釋?zhuān)罕揪涞闹骶渲杏幸粋�(gè)長(zhǎng)插入語(yǔ)however,on the basis of observations concerning mantle xenoliths,割裂了主謂，但句子的主要難度還是在 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，從句中有由 but 所連接的兩個(gè)句子，一起延續(xù)到句末。首選是 rich in incompatible elements 修飾 fluids;后面又有一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)和一個(gè)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，都是修飾 incompatible elements 的，最后還有一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾那個(gè)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，層層修飾，比較復(fù)雜。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：Some geologists，however，on the basis of observations concerning mantle xenoliths， argue that the mantle is not layered，but that heterogeneity is created by fluids rich in "incompatible elements" (elements tending toward liquid rather than solid state)percolating upward and transforming portions of the upper mantle irregularly，according to the vagaries of the fluids’ pathways.

　　7. Fallois proposed that Proust had tried to begin a novel in 1908, abandoned it for what was to be a long demonstration of Saint-Beuve’s blindness to the real nature of great writing , found the essay giving rise to personal memories and fictional developments ,and allowed these to take over it a steadily developing novel. (5 -)

　　F認(rèn)為，P 在1908年試圖開(kāi)始寫(xiě)一部小說(shuō)，又為了寫(xiě)一部批判S-B的 偉大作品的真正本質(zhì)的視而不見(jiàn)的長(zhǎng)篇的證明而放棄了這部小說(shuō)，其后又發(fā)現(xiàn)這一論文又勾起了其個(gè)人記憶及小說(shuō)情節(jié)的萌生，使得后者取而代之形成了一部穩(wěn)定展開(kāi)的小說(shuō)。

　　難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、抽象詞

　　解釋?zhuān)罕揪鋪?lái)自歷來(lái)被GRE 考生尊稱(chēng)為所有GRE文科文章中難度第一的普魯斯特的追憶似水年華，這篇文章的難度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于現(xiàn)在計(jì)算機(jī)考試的題目。普魯斯特是公認(rèn)的意識(shí)流小說(shuō)的先驅(qū)，據(jù)筆者推測(cè)，本文的原作者必定是研究普魯斯特的大家，因此其文章必然帶有思維的跳躍，、不連貫性、時(shí)空顛倒等意識(shí)流手法：經(jīng)過(guò)ETS 的改編后，雖然可讀性略有嗇，然積重難返、無(wú)法救藥，于是墮落成一篇流水帳文章。從本句的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)看，也可以表現(xiàn)作者的這種敘事風(fēng)格：本句從 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句開(kāi)始，實(shí)際上是以普魯斯特的意識(shí)流向?yàn)榫�(xiàn)索，以列舉的方式描述其動(dòng)機(jī)的變化，從一開(kāi)始的寫(xiě)別的小說(shuō)，其英文為Prout had tried to…, abandoned…,found…,and allowed..。但是因?yàn)閍bandoned之后的狀語(yǔ)for…的結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、用詞抽象，所以這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)不太容易被看出來(lái)。 Blindness在此不是指真盲，而是指缺乏辨認(rèn)能力difficult to discern, make out,or discover,視而不見(jiàn)。Give rise to 這個(gè)詞組的意思是引起，使發(fā)生。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：Fallois proposed that Proust had tried to begin a novel in 1908, abandoned it for what was to be a long demonstration of Saint-Beuve’s blindness to the real nature of great writing , found the essay giving rise to personal memories and fictional developments ,and allowed these to take over in a steadily developing novel.

　　8. The very richness and complexity of the meaningful relationships that kept presenting and rearranging themselves on all levels，from abstract intelligence to profound dreamy feelings， made it difficult for Proust to set them out coherently. (5)

　　各種有意義的聯(lián)系在所有的層次上，自抽象的理性至深刻的夢(mèng)幻般的情感，層出不窮并不斷重新組合排列;正是這些有意義的聯(lián)系的豐富性和復(fù)雜性，致使普魯斯特難于將它們錯(cuò)落有致地安排好。

　　難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)、抽象詞

　　解釋?zhuān)赫?qǐng)?jiān)�諒筆者在此所做中文翻譯的艱澀難懂，為了讓讀者能夠更好地理解句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，本書(shū)盡量把中文翻譯與英文原文的語(yǔ)序相對(duì)應(yīng)，而且盡可能的不用意譯。為了達(dá)到這個(gè)目的，可以說(shuō)絞盡腦汁，但本句之難懂也全非筆者之故，原文作者使用了大量的抽象詞。本句仍然來(lái)自于上面說(shuō)過(guò)的這篇關(guān)于普魯斯特的文章。句中的主語(yǔ)是The very richness and complexity,

　　其后的修飾成分長(zhǎng)達(dá)三行，of the meaningful relationships that kept presenting and rearranging themselves on all levels from abstract intelligence to profound dreamy feelings,其中還夾雜著插入語(yǔ)，有效地分開(kāi)了主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)。其實(shí)本句雖然結(jié)構(gòu)也比較復(fù)雜，但是不見(jiàn)得比前面的句子復(fù)雜得多，其真正的難點(diǎn)，還在于句子中大量的抽象詞的使用。由于筆者在附錄中所提到的原因，抽象詞可以嚴(yán)重地占據(jù)大腦資源，因此帶有大量的抽象詞的結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子就更為難懂，比如本句就是一個(gè)很好的例子，復(fù)雜修飾與抽象詞狼狽為奸，句意另人難以理解。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：The very richness and complexity of the meaningful relationships that kept presenting and rearranging themselves on all levels，from abstract intelligence to profound dreamy feelings， made it difficult for Proust to set them out coherently.

　9. But those of who hoped, with Kolb, that Kolb’s newly published complete edition of Proust’s correspondence for 1909 would document the process in greater detail are disappointed. (4)但是我們當(dāng)中的那些希望(也算上 K 本人)K 新出版的 P1909 年書(shū)信的全集能夠更加詳細(xì)的記錄下這一過(guò)程的人都大失所望。

　　難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)

　　解釋?zhuān)罕揪渲袕木涮讖木�，致使主語(yǔ)those of us與謂語(yǔ)的距離很遠(yuǎn)，而且中間的成分又極多，使得句子很難讀懂。修飾主語(yǔ)those of us的定語(yǔ)從句who hoped之中又套了一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)complete edition 又被一前一后的兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)所修飾，之后才依次是賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)：主句的系動(dòng)詞、表語(yǔ)。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：But those of us who hoped, with Kolb, that Kolb’s newly published complete edition of Proust’s correspondence for 1909 would document the process in greater detail are disappointed.

　10. Now we must also examine the culture as we Mexican Americans have experienced it , passing from a sovereign people to compatriots with newly arriving settlers to , finally ，a conquered people – a charter minority on our own land. (5 -)

　　現(xiàn)在我們必須也按照我們墨西哥裔的美國(guó)人的經(jīng)歷來(lái)審視這個(gè)文化，我們的經(jīng)歷是從一個(gè)主權(quán)的民族變成了新來(lái)的定居者的同胞，在最終淪落成為一個(gè)被征服的民族——在我們自己的土地上的契約的少數(shù)民族。

　　難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)、固定搭配

　　解釋?zhuān)褐骶渲械腶s we Mexican Americans have experienced it 是examine的狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明審視的角度;后面直至句尾的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)又是 experience 的狀語(yǔ)，詳述了經(jīng)歷的具體過(guò)程。就是這個(gè)分詞有些難懂，因?yàn)槲覀兪熘�的結(jié)構(gòu)是 from…to…沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)，也沒(méi)有想到過(guò)后面居然還有一個(gè)to,因此看到這個(gè)套了一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)的newly arriving settlers to , finally, a conquered

　　people的時(shí)候頭腦發(fā)生混亂，不明所以、不知所措。這里的to還是與前面的from搭配的，也就是說(shuō)，原文的結(jié)構(gòu)是from…to…to…

　　意群訓(xùn)練：Now we must also examine the culture as we Mexican Americans have experienced it , passing from a sovereign people to compatriots with newly arriving settlers to , finally ，a conquered people – a charter minority on our own land.