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Imagine howmuch sleep future musicologists will lose over Philip Glass. Throughout hiscareer he has changed his scores to suit the circumstances, trimming them forrecordings, for example, because he believes that nonvisual performancesbenefit from (relative) concision. The notion of an immutable, sacrosancturtext -- the very thing musicologists sift historical evidence hoping toestablish -- is entirely alien to him.
Still, youwould think that if Mr. Glass held anything sacred, it would be the structureand format of ’’Einstein on the Beach.’’ At that opera’s premiere in 1976, and in its 1984 and 1992 revivals, ’’Einstein’’ played for five hours with nointermission. Free of narrative but rich in associations and imagery --Einstein as a madly ecstatic violinist but also as the father of nuclear power-- the work unfolded inexorably, its repeated musical phrases creating rhythmicwheels within wheels. The libretto, mostly numbers, solfege syllables andquirky, stream-of-consciousness spoken texts, works its own hypnotic spell.Listeners were free to come and go as they pleased, but some of the work’s power came from itsrelentlessness, to say nothing of the quirkiness of Robert Wilson’s staging.
The versionthat Mr. Glass and his ensemble presented at Carnegie Hall on Thursday eveningswept away the elements that made the work a happening and transformed it intoa concert piece: three hours long, with an intermission and with formal seatingrules in force. The breadth of the work was presented, if not its full sweep.The two-hour trim was accomplished by deleting sections from all but a fewscenes. Some trims were noticeable: Lucinda Childs’s tale of the multicolored bathingcap was intact, as were the quotations from Carole King’s ’’I Feel the Earth Move,’’ but Mr. Bojangles was evictedfrom this version.
Musically,the score survived the trims and might even have benefited from them: Thebrisker movement from one section to the next highlighted the degree of inventivenessthat drives this piece and pointed up passages of real beauty. In ’’Knee Play 3,’’ for example, the unaccompaniedchorus sings streams of numbers, yet the music has the grandeur of a sacredsetting much of the time and, at others, the energy of a symphonic presto. AndTim Fain, the violinist, gave the solo passages in the second, fourth and fifth’’Knee Plays’’ and in the climactic, swirling ’’Spaceship Interior’’ scene an electrifying, virtuosicworkout.
Some of thework’s magic is in the way its elements pull in opposite directions. Therepetition of short phrases, on one hand, can be soporific; yet the wheezingkeyboard and woodwind textures and the bursts of choral counting, withsibilants creating their own rhythmic patterns, are invigorating. And becausethe performance is heavily amplified, timbres seem to melt together: Is thatrepeating fragment a voice, a violin or the top notes of the organfigure? The ensemble, which included musicians who have been with Mr.Glass from the early days as well as newcomers, gave the score a tight,high-energy readi1.
1. Futuremusicologists will lose much sleep over Philip Glass because_____.
[A] PhilipGlass’ works are consistently changing based on the different context andvarious external conditions.
[B] PhilipGlass’s music is characterized by its unintelligibility.
[C] PhilipGlass is ignorant of establishing an immutable, sacrosanct urtext.
[D] PhilipGlass’s works are totally alien to modern and even future audience.
2. To makethe opera become a concert, Mr. Glass trimmed _____.
[A] the taleof the multicolored bathing cap
[B] thequotations form Carole King
[C] Mr.Bojangles’ scene
[D] LucindaChilde’s adventure
3. Which oneof the following is NOT true of the new version of "Einstein on theBeach" ?
[A] Theformer structure and format was kept constantly for the majority part.
[B] Theversion was changed into a concert with a more formal procedure and a morefixed setting.
[C] Theversion was a success partly because of the advantages brought by the trims.
[D] Theversion was tighter than its ancestor.
4. The contrary elements which addedcharm to the new version were_____.
[A] thesoporific repetition of phrases and invigorating music
[B] thestreams numbers and symphonic energy
[C] theclassical violin solo passage and electrifying workout
[D] itsinnovative nature and authenticity
5.The passage is mainly _____.
[A] acomparison of two versions of "Einstein on the Beach"
[B] anintroduction of a new art form
[C] a studyon the influence of trims on musical works
[D] ananalysis of Mr. Glass’ works
文章剖析:
這篇文章主要介紹了音樂(lè)家菲利普·格拉斯的作品。文章第一段提到格拉斯作品多變的風(fēng)格;第二段講述其作品"愛(ài)因斯坦在海灘"的特點(diǎn);第三段講述卡內(nèi)基大廳演出的"愛(ài)因斯坦在海灘"版本的刪節(jié);第四段第五段講述新版本音樂(lè)特色。
詞匯注釋?zhuān)?/P>
immutableadj. 不變的, 永恒的
sacrosanctadj. 極神圣的
urtext n. 原始文本(如樂(lè)譜等)
sift v. 選拔,精選
libretto n. 歌詞
solege n.視唱練習(xí)
quirky adj 詭詐的,離奇的
hypnotic adj.催眠的
brisker adj. 輕快的,活潑的
virtuosicadj. 藝術(shù)的
presto n. 急板樂(lè)段或樂(lè)章
timbre n. 音色,音質(zhì)
soporificadj. 催眠的
wheeze v. 喘息
inexorablyadv. 無(wú)情地, 冷酷地
難句突破:
(1) Free of narrative but rich in associations and imagery -- Einstein as a madlyecstatic violinist but also as the father of nuclear power -- the work unfoldedinexorably, its repeated musical phrases creating rhythmic wheels withinwheels.
[主體句式] The work unfolded.
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析] 這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句,前面的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)是作為句子的伴隨狀語(yǔ)(粉刺被省略),而最后面的是一個(gè)帶有主語(yǔ)的分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu),也是句子的伴隨狀語(yǔ);而破折號(hào)之間的句子是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的結(jié)構(gòu),用來(lái)說(shuō)明前面的伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
[句子譯文] 愛(ài)因斯坦不僅是一個(gè)瘋狂著迷的小提琴家,也是核能之父,而這部作品沒(méi)有多少敘述,卻充滿(mǎn)了聯(lián)想和想象,它冷酷地展現(xiàn)在大家面前,不停重復(fù)的音樂(lè)措辭在圓圈里又創(chuàng)造出有節(jié)奏感的圓圈。
(2) The version that Mr. Glass and his ensemble presented at Carnegie Hall onThursday evening swept away the elements that made the work a happening andtransformed it into a concert piece: three hours long, with an intermission andwith formal seating rules in force.
[主體句式] The version swept away theelements and transformed it...
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句,緊跟著主語(yǔ)后面的是以that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,句子賓語(yǔ)the elements后面也是一個(gè)用來(lái)修飾它的定語(yǔ)從句,該定語(yǔ)從句比較復(fù)雜,冒號(hào)后面的是一個(gè)獨(dú)立成分,是用來(lái)解釋前面a concert piece的。
[句子譯文] 周四晚上格拉斯先生和他的演出團(tuán)隊(duì)在卡內(nèi)基大廳進(jìn)行了演出,這次演出掃除了這部劇作事件劇的一些因素,轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐徊恳魳?lè)會(huì)。這次演出歷時(shí)三個(gè)小時(shí),有幕間休息,也有正式的就座規(guī)則。
題目分析:
1.Future musicologists will lose much sleep over Philip Glassbecause_____.1.未來(lái)的音樂(lè)學(xué)家會(huì)在菲利普·格拉斯身上耗費(fèi)許多不眠之夜,因?yàn)開(kāi)____。
[A] Philip Glass’ works areconsistently changing based on the different context and various externalconditions.[A] 菲利普·格拉斯的作品在不同的情景和各種外部下不斷地發(fā)生變化。
[B] Philip Glass’s music ischaracterized by its unintelligibility.[B]菲利普·格拉斯作品的重要特點(diǎn)就是非常難以理解。
[C] Philip Glass is ignorant of establishing an immutable,sacrosanct urtext.[C] 菲利普·格拉斯不屑于創(chuàng)立不變的、神圣的原始文本。
[D] Philip Glass’s works are totallyalien to modern and even future audience.[D] 菲利普·格拉斯的作品對(duì)于現(xiàn)代甚至是未來(lái)的觀眾來(lái)說(shuō)是完全陌生。
[答案]A
[難度系數(shù)] ☆☆☆
[分析] 推理題。文章剛開(kāi)始就提到未來(lái)的音樂(lè)學(xué)家會(huì)在格拉斯身上耗費(fèi)掉許多睡眠,引申來(lái)看就是格拉斯的作品會(huì)很耗費(fèi)人的精力。接下來(lái)文章就介紹了格拉斯作品的特點(diǎn),格拉斯的作品會(huì)因環(huán)境、時(shí)代的變化作出許多變動(dòng),他不相信那種永恒不變的文本,這也就可能是未來(lái)音樂(lè)學(xué)家要耗費(fèi)許多精力在他身上的原因。文章下面還舉了具體的例子說(shuō)明了他如何把自己的歌劇改編成協(xié)奏曲,因此,A最為符合原文。
2. To make the opera become a concert, Mr. Glass trimmed_____.2. 為了讓這部歌劇變?yōu)閰f(xié)奏曲,格拉斯先生刪節(jié)了_____。
[A] the tale of the multicolored bathing cap[A] 彩色游泳帽的故事
[B] the quotations form Carole King[B] 引用Carole King的話(huà)
[C] Mr. Bojangles’ scene[C] Bojangles先生的場(chǎng)景
[D] Lucirda Childe’s adventure[D]Lucirda Childe的冒險(xiǎn)經(jīng)歷
[答案]C
[難度系數(shù)] ☆☆☆
[分析] 細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第二段中提到演出的版本刪去了兩個(gè)小時(shí),而且刪節(jié)比較明顯。在說(shuō)明刪節(jié)的內(nèi)容時(shí),作者卻指出了一些完整的情節(jié),這一點(diǎn)容易讓考生混淆,所以就需要從中挑出那些哪些是刪節(jié)了的。原文提到,露辛達(dá)·恰洛茲彩色游泳帽的故事是完整的,引用Carole King的話(huà)"我感到了地動(dòng),"也是的,而B(niǎo)ojangles先生卻被逐出了,因此,答案為C。D選項(xiàng)有一定的迷惑性,Lucirda Childe的故事實(shí)際上就是彩色游泳帽的故事,但是選項(xiàng)中用了adventure這個(gè)詞是無(wú)中生有,因此可以排除該選項(xiàng)。
3. Which one of the following is NOT true of the new versionof "Einstein on the Beach" ?3. 關(guān)于"愛(ài)因斯坦在海灘"下列哪個(gè)陳述是錯(cuò)誤的?
[A] The former structure and format was kept constantly forthe majority part.[A] 原來(lái)的結(jié)構(gòu)和形式大部分沒(méi)有改變。
[B] The version was changed into a concert with a moreformal procedure and a more fixed setting.[B] 這個(gè)版本被改成了一個(gè)協(xié)奏曲,形式更加正式、同時(shí)環(huán)境也更加固定。
[C] The version was a success partly because of theadvantage brought by trims.[C] 這個(gè)版本獲得成本部分在于所作的刪節(jié)。
[D] The version was tighter than its ancestor.[D] 這個(gè)版本比其原作要更緊湊。
[答案]A
[難度系數(shù)] ☆☆☆
[分析] 細(xì)節(jié)題。題干要求找出關(guān)于"愛(ài)因斯坦在海灘"這部作品描述錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)A,文章第二段提到格拉斯先生將這部劇作的結(jié)構(gòu)和形式視為神圣,表演了5個(gè)小時(shí),可是在新版本中刪去了2個(gè)小時(shí),其結(jié)構(gòu)和形式應(yīng)該發(fā)生了變化。因此,這個(gè)選項(xiàng)有可能是錯(cuò)誤的。B在文章第三段提到;C在文章第四段中提到,這部作品可能還因?yàn)閯h節(jié)而獲益,因?yàn)檎鹿?jié)之間的變化更快了,凸現(xiàn)了主要的美。D,文章第四段提到章節(jié)之間的變化更快,還有最后一段的最后一句,格拉斯先生的演奏團(tuán)隊(duì)給了這個(gè)版本一個(gè)緊湊的解讀,這兩處都可以反映出這個(gè)版本更為緊湊了。比較而言,A陳述是錯(cuò)誤的。
4. The contrary elements which added charm to the new versionwere_____.4. 為這個(gè)新版本增添了魅力的相矛盾的元素是_____。
[A] the soporific repetition of phrases and invigoratingmusic[A] 催人入睡的重復(fù)的短語(yǔ)和令人振奮的音樂(lè)
[B] the streams numbers and symphonic energy[B] 數(shù)字串和交響樂(lè)力量
[C] the classical violin solo passage and electrifyingworkout[C] 經(jīng)典的小提琴獨(dú)奏和電子化的加工
[D] inventiveness and real beauty[D] 創(chuàng)造性和真正的美
[答案]D
[難度系數(shù)] ☆☆☆☆
[分析] 細(xì)節(jié)題。文章的最后一段指出,這部作品的魔力部分就在于里面有相異、相沖突的元素,一面是短語(yǔ)不停重復(fù)讓人催眠的效果,但是發(fā)出喘息聲的鍵盤(pán)樂(lè)器、木管樂(lè)器以及突然爆發(fā)的讀數(shù)合唱,還有那些自己創(chuàng)造出節(jié)奏的咝音,聽(tīng)起來(lái)都那么令人振奮。而因?yàn)檠莩龃蟠笤鰪?qiáng),音質(zhì)仿佛也融合在了一起。那重復(fù)的片斷是人的聲音,是小提琴還是管風(fēng)琴的高音?而不管是跟隨格拉斯先生一直演出的團(tuán)隊(duì)還是新來(lái)的人員,都把樂(lè)譜唱的緊實(shí)而高昂。前三項(xiàng)都是這些特點(diǎn)的一方面,而D以精練的語(yǔ)言最好地概括了這些特點(diǎn)。
5.The passage is mainly _____.5.這篇文章主要是_____。
[A] a comparison of two versions of "Einstein on theBeach"[A] "愛(ài)因斯坦在海灘"兩個(gè)版本的比較
[B] an introduction of a new art form[B] 介紹一種新的藝術(shù)形式
[C] a study on the influence of trims on musical works[C] 對(duì)音樂(lè)作品刪節(jié)影響的研究
[D] an analysis of Mr. Glass’ works[D] 對(duì)格拉斯先生作品的分析
[答案] D
[難度系數(shù)] ☆
[分析] 主旨題。這篇文章主要介紹了格拉斯先生作品"愛(ài)因斯坦在海邊",突出表現(xiàn)了其作品的一些獨(dú)特之處。選項(xiàng)A,文章雖然兩個(gè)版本都提到,但并不是對(duì)這兩個(gè)版本的比較;B不符合原文;C關(guān)于原文提到了,但只是文章的一小部分內(nèi)容而已;D對(duì)其作品的分析,相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)比較切合題意。因此,選項(xiàng)為D。眠,一面是各種樂(lè)器的演奏讓人感受音樂(lè)的振奮,因此,答案應(yīng)當(dāng)是A。
參考譯文:
設(shè)想一下未來(lái)音樂(lè)學(xué)者得在菲利普·格拉斯身上耗費(fèi)掉多少睡眠啊。在整個(gè)事業(yè)生涯中,菲利普為適應(yīng)環(huán)境改變了樂(lè)譜,比如為了錄音帶而修剪了樂(lè)譜,因?yàn)樗嘈欧且曄癞?huà)的表演能受益于相對(duì)的簡(jiǎn)潔。那種永恒的、神圣的原始樂(lè)譜概念是音樂(lè)學(xué)者搜索歷史證據(jù)希望可以建立的,但他在這一點(diǎn)上有完全不同的想法。
如果你覺(jué)得格拉斯先生還是覺(jué)得有神圣的東西的話(huà),那就是"海灘上的愛(ài)因斯坦"的結(jié)構(gòu)和格式。1976年這部歌劇的首次公演,以及1984年和1992年的重演中,"愛(ài)因斯坦"沒(méi)有停歇地表演了五個(gè)小時(shí)。愛(ài)因斯坦不僅是一個(gè)瘋狂著迷的小提琴家,也是核能之父,而這部作品沒(méi)有多少敘述,卻充滿(mǎn)了聯(lián)想和想象,它冷酷地展現(xiàn)在大家面前,不停重復(fù)的音樂(lè)措辭在圓圈里又創(chuàng)造出有節(jié)奏感的圓圈。歌詞大多都是數(shù)字、視唱練習(xí)的音節(jié)和怪異的意識(shí)流口語(yǔ)文本,創(chuàng)造出一種催眠的咒語(yǔ)。聽(tīng)眾可以自由到來(lái)或離開(kāi),但是這部作品的力量就來(lái)源于它的冷酷,更不用說(shuō)羅伯特·威爾遜離奇的舞臺(tái)布置了。
周四晚上格拉斯先生和他的演出團(tuán)隊(duì)在卡內(nèi)基大廳進(jìn)行了演出,這次演出掃除了這部劇作事件劇的一些因素,轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐徊繀f(xié)奏曲。這次演出歷時(shí)三個(gè)小時(shí),有幕間休息,也有正式的座位規(guī)則。如果說(shuō)這次演出并沒(méi)有將這部劇作的全部整容展示出來(lái),但起碼其雄渾的效果得以表現(xiàn)了?s短的兩個(gè)小時(shí)是刪去了幾乎幾幕的部分,有些刪節(jié)是很明顯的,比如露辛達(dá)·恰洛茲彩色游泳帽的故事是完整的,還有引用Carole King的話(huà)"我感到了地動(dòng),"也沒(méi)有刪節(jié), 但是Bojangles先生卻被逐出了這次劇演。
從音樂(lè)上來(lái)講,盡管作了刪節(jié)但樂(lè)譜還是成功了,而且應(yīng)該說(shuō)是得益于刪節(jié)。從一節(jié)到下一節(jié)輕快的移動(dòng)突出了獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的程度,突出了具有真正美的篇章。比如在" 膝蓋戲3"中,沒(méi)有伴奏的合唱隊(duì)唱著流暢的數(shù)字,但是這時(shí)的音樂(lè)卻有一種莊嚴(yán)的色彩,在其他節(jié)中又顯示了和聲急板樂(lè)曲的力量。小提琴手提坶·Fain在第二、第四和第五"膝蓋劇"中進(jìn)行了獨(dú)奏,而在高潮的漩渦式的"太空船內(nèi)部"一幕中,進(jìn)行了電子化的、藝術(shù)性的加工。
這部作品的魅力部分在于里面的元素朝向不同的方向。短語(yǔ)的反復(fù)出現(xiàn)一方面有催眠的效果,但是發(fā)出喘息聲的鍵盤(pán)樂(lè)器、木管樂(lè)器以及突然爆發(fā)的讀數(shù)合唱,還有那些自己創(chuàng)造出節(jié)奏的咝音,聽(tīng)起來(lái)都那么令人振奮。而因?yàn)檠莩龃蟠笤鰪?qiáng),音質(zhì)仿佛也融合在了一起。那重復(fù)的片斷是人的聲音,是小提琴還是管風(fēng)琴的高音?而不管是跟隨格拉斯先生一直演出的團(tuán)隊(duì)還是新來(lái)的人員,都把樂(lè)譜唱的緊實(shí)而高昂。
初級(jí)會(huì)計(jì)職稱(chēng)中級(jí)會(huì)計(jì)職稱(chēng)經(jīng)濟(jì)師注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師證券從業(yè)銀行從業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)實(shí)操統(tǒng)計(jì)師審計(jì)師高級(jí)會(huì)計(jì)師基金從業(yè)資格稅務(wù)師資產(chǎn)評(píng)估師國(guó)際內(nèi)審師ACCA/CAT價(jià)格鑒證師統(tǒng)計(jì)資格從業(yè)
一級(jí)建造師二級(jí)建造師消防工程師造價(jià)工程師土建職稱(chēng)房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人公路檢測(cè)工程師建筑八大員注冊(cè)建筑師二級(jí)造價(jià)師監(jiān)理工程師咨詢(xún)工程師房地產(chǎn)估價(jià)師 城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃師結(jié)構(gòu)工程師巖土工程師安全工程師設(shè)備監(jiān)理師環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)土地登記代理公路造價(jià)師公路監(jiān)理師化工工程師暖通工程師給排水工程師計(jì)量工程師
人力資源考試教師資格考試出版專(zhuān)業(yè)資格健康管理師導(dǎo)游考試社會(huì)工作者司法考試職稱(chēng)計(jì)算機(jī)營(yíng)養(yǎng)師心理咨詢(xún)師育嬰師事業(yè)單位教師招聘公務(wù)員公選考試招警考試選調(diào)生村官
執(zhí)業(yè)藥師執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)師衛(wèi)生資格考試衛(wèi)生高級(jí)職稱(chēng)護(hù)士資格證初級(jí)護(hù)師主管護(hù)師住院醫(yī)師臨床執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)師臨床助理醫(yī)師中醫(yī)執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)師中醫(yī)助理醫(yī)師中西醫(yī)醫(yī)師中西醫(yī)助理口腔執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)師口腔助理醫(yī)師公共衛(wèi)生醫(yī)師公衛(wèi)助理醫(yī)師實(shí)踐技能內(nèi)科主治醫(yī)師外科主治醫(yī)師中醫(yī)內(nèi)科主治兒科主治醫(yī)師婦產(chǎn)科醫(yī)師西藥士/師中藥士/師臨床檢驗(yàn)技師臨床醫(yī)學(xué)理論中醫(yī)理論