1、Text 2 Britain's flexible labour market was a boon during the economic slump,helping keep joblessness down and then,when the recovery began,allowing employment to rise.Yet one of its bendier bits is causing politicians to fret.Ed Miliband,the leader of the Labour Party,has promised a crackdown on"zero_hours contracts"if he wins the next election.The government has launched a consultation.Zero-hours contracts allow firms to employ workers for as few or as many hours as they need,with no prior notice.In theory,at least,people can refuse work.Fully l.4m jobs were based on these contracts in January 2014,according to a snapshot taken by the Office for National Statistics.That is just 4%of the total,but the share rises to a quarter in the hospitality business.The contracts are useful for firms with erratic pattems of demand,such as hotels and restaurants.They have also helped firms to expand during the recovery-allowing them to test new business lines before hiring permanent staff,who would be more costly to make redundant if things went wrong.Flexibility suits some workers,too.According to'one survey,47%of those employed on zero-hours contracts were content to have no minimum contracted hours.Many of these workers are in full-time education.The ability to tum down work is important to students,who want to revise(or sit in the sun)at this time of year.Pensioners keen for a little extra income can often live with the uncertainty of not having guaranteed hours.Yet that leaves more than a quarter of workers on zero-hours contracts who say they are unhappy with their conditions.Some of this is cyclical.During recessions,a dearth of permanent positions forces people into jobs with no contracted hours even if they do not want them(the govemment has just said that unemployed people who refuse to accept zero-hours contracts could be cut off from benerits).Underemployment is particularly prevalent among these workers,35%of whom would like more hours compared with 12%in other jobs.As the economy recovers,many should be able to renegotiate their contracts or find permanent jobs.But the recovery will not cause unwanted zero hours contracts to disappear.Some workers will never have much negotiating power:they are constrained by geography,family commitments and lack of competition for their skills among a small number of big employers.Zero-hours contracts make it easier for employers to abuse their labour-market power.Some use them to avoid statutory obligations such as sick and maternity pay.Workers are penalised for not being available when requested.And some contracts contain exclusivity clauses which prevent workers from taking additionaljobs.These can harm other employers as well as workers,and actually reduce labour market flexibility.That,at least,is worth doing away with. According to the text,this flexible working ways can help those people who_____.

　　A work in permanent bui want to eam more

　　B have retired but have no pension

　　C study in full-time schooling

　　D have no working experiences

　　答案：C  

　　答案解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)定位詞定位到文章的第四段，在中間處體現(xiàn)了題目的內(nèi)容，即The ability to tum downWork is imporlant to students,who want to revise(or sit in the sun)at this time ofyear.(拒絕工作的能力對(duì)學(xué)生來說非常重要，因?yàn)樗麄兿胍�在每年的這個(gè)時(shí)候復(fù)習(xí)功課或者曬太陽。)與這個(gè)信息相對(duì)應(yīng)的選項(xiàng)為C項(xiàng)study in full-time schooling“全日制學(xué)習(xí)的人”，故C項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。【干擾排除】A項(xiàng)在段落中沒有體現(xiàn)。B項(xiàng)在段落中雖然有提到，但是文中的含義為渴望得到一點(diǎn)額外的收入的養(yǎng)老金領(lǐng)取者也可以在沒有固定工作時(shí)間、充滿不確定的情況下游刃有余，這項(xiàng)是概念的偷換。D項(xiàng)在文中沒有提及，應(yīng)當(dāng)排除。

　　2、Text 2 Britain's flexible labour market was a boon during the economic slump,helping keep joblessness down and then,when the recovery began,allowing employment to rise.Yet one of its bendier bits is causing politicians to fret.Ed Miliband,the leader of the Labour Party,has promised a crackdown on"zero_hours contracts"if he wins the next election.The government has launched a consultation.Zero-hours contracts allow firms to employ workers for as few or as many hours as they need,with no prior notice.In theory,at least,people can refuse work.Fully l.4m jobs were based on these contracts in January 2014,according to a snapshot taken by the Office for National Statistics.That is just 4%of the total,but the share rises to a quarter in the hospitality business.The contracts are useful for firms with erratic pattems of demand,such as hotels and restaurants.They have also helped firms to expand during the recovery-allowing them to test new business lines before hiring permanent staff,who would be more costly to make redundant if things went wrong.Flexibility suits some workers,too.According to'one survey,47%of those employed on zero-hours contracts were content to have no minimum contracted hours.Many of these workers are in full-time education.The ability to tum down work is important to students,who want to revise(or sit in the sun)at this time of year.Pensioners keen for a little extra income can often live with the uncertainty of not having guaranteed hours.Yet that leaves more than a quarter of workers on zero-hours contracts who say they are unhappy with their conditions.Some of this is cyclical.During recessions,a dearth of permanent positions forces people into jobs with no contracted hours even if they do not want them(the govemment has just said that unemployed people who refuse to accept zero-hours contracts could be cut off from benerits).Underemployment is particularly prevalent among these workers,35%of whom would like more hours compared with 12%in other jobs.As the economy recovers,many should be able to renegotiate their contracts or find permanent jobs.But the recovery will not cause unwanted zero hours contracts to disappear.Some workers will never have much negotiating power:they are constrained by geography,family commitments and lack of competition for their skills among a small number of big employers.Zero-hours contracts make it easier for employers to abuse their labour-market power.Some use them to avoid statutory obligations such as sick and maternity pay.Workers are penalised for not being available when requested.And some contracts contain exclusivity clauses which prevent workers from taking additionaljobs.These can harm other employers as well as workers,and actually reduce labour market flexibility.That,at least,is worth doing away with. "Zero-hours contract"would be helpful for some firms in that_____.

　　A working hours for works should be agreed on

　　B people can refuse work practically

　　C it would bc less costly to cut jobs than hire permanent staff

　　D it would cut cost to scale up the company

　　答案：C  

　　答案解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)定位詞定位到文章的第二段和第三段，其中第三段的第二句可以體現(xiàn)題目的內(nèi)容，即They have also helped firms to expand during the recovery-allowing them to test new business lines before hiring permanent staff,who would be more costly to make redundant if things went wrong.(它們還有助于公司在經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇時(shí)擴(kuò)大規(guī)模，其方式是在雇用固定員工前測試應(yīng)聘者的業(yè)務(wù)水平。因?yàn)橐坏┕陀猛�定員工后，如果出現(xiàn)問題，裁員的代價(jià)會(huì)更高。)而與這個(gè)信息相對(duì)應(yīng)的選項(xiàng)C項(xiàng)it would be less costly to cut jobs than hire permanent staff.“縮減崗位比聘用固定員工成本低”所以C項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)�！靖蓴_排除】剩余的選項(xiàng)在段落中沒有體現(xiàn)，因此應(yīng)該排除。

　　3、Text 2 Britain's flexible labour market was a boon during the economic slump,helping keep joblessness down and then,when the recovery began,allowing employment to rise.Yet one of its bendier bits is causing politicians to fret.Ed Miliband,the leader of the Labour Party,has promised a crackdown on"zero_hours contracts"if he wins the next election.The government has launched a consultation.Zero-hours contracts allow firms to employ workers for as few or as many hours as they need,with no prior notice.In theory,at least,people can refuse work.Fully l.4m jobs were based on these contracts in January 2014,according to a snapshot taken by the Office for National Statistics.That is just 4%of the total,but the share rises to a quarter in the hospitality business.The contracts are useful for firms with erratic pattems of demand,such as hotels and restaurants.They have also helped firms to expand during the recovery-allowing them to test new business lines before hiring permanent staff,who would be more costly to make redundant if things went wrong.Flexibility suits some workers,too.According to'one survey,47%of those employed on zero-hours contracts were content to have no minimum contracted hours.Many of these workers are in full-time education.The ability to tum down work is important to students,who want to revise(or sit in the sun)at this time of year.Pensioners keen for a little extra income can often live with the uncertainty of not having guaranteed hours.Yet that leaves more than a quarter of workers on zero-hours contracts who say they are unhappy with their conditions.Some of this is cyclical.During recessions,a dearth of permanent positions forces people into jobs with no contracted hours even if they do not want them(the govemment has just said that unemployed people who refuse to accept zero-hours contracts could be cut off from benerits).Underemployment is particularly prevalent among these workers,35%of whom would like more hours compared with 12%in other jobs.As the economy recovers,many should be able to renegotiate their contracts or find permanent jobs.But the recovery will not cause unwanted zero hours contracts to disappear.Some workers will never have much negotiating power:they are constrained by geography,family commitments and lack of competition for their skills among a small number of big employers.Zero-hours contracts make it easier for employers to abuse their labour-market power.Some use them to avoid statutory obligations such as sick and maternity pay.Workers are penalised for not being available when requested.And some contracts contain exclusivity clauses which prevent workers from taking additionaljobs.These can harm other employers as well as workers,and actually reduce labour market flexibility.That,at least,is worth doing away with. Which ofthe following is the best title ofthis text?

　　A Zero-hours Contract-Lack of Flexibility

　　B Zero-hours Contract-an Out-of-date Policy

　　C Zero-hours Contract-an Illegal Policy

　　D Zero-hours Contract-a Challenging Way Against Permanent Job

　　答案：A  

　　答案解析：主旨大意題。解決該題目的關(guān)鍵是，通過做完前四道題大體知道文章的中心，再次通讀各段首句，驗(yàn)證中心。整個(gè)文章都是在圍繞著零時(shí)工合同的影響來說，在結(jié)尾處明確地說明了零時(shí)工合同并不靈活，而與這個(gè)信息相對(duì)應(yīng)的選項(xiàng)為A項(xiàng)Zero-hours Contract-Lack of Flexibility(零時(shí)工合同——缺乏靈活性)，所以A項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。【干擾排除】剩余的選項(xiàng)分別為零時(shí)工合同過時(shí)、非法、挑戰(zhàn)固定工作，這些信息在個(gè)別段落雖然有提及，但是不足以說明文章的中心，屬于以偏概全，故均可排除。

　　4、Text 2 Britain's flexible labour market was a boon during the economic slump,helping keep joblessness down and then,when the recovery began,allowing employment to rise.Yet one of its bendier bits is causing politicians to fret.Ed Miliband,the leader of the Labour Party,has promised a crackdown on"zero_hours contracts"if he wins the next election.The government has launched a consultation.Zero-hours contracts allow firms to employ workers for as few or as many hours as they need,with no prior notice.In theory,at least,people can refuse work.Fully l.4m jobs were based on these contracts in January 2014,according to a snapshot taken by the Office for National Statistics.That is just 4%of the total,but the share rises to a quarter in the hospitality business.The contracts are useful for firms with erratic pattems of demand,such as hotels and restaurants.They have also helped firms to expand during the recovery-allowing them to test new business lines before hiring permanent staff,who would be more costly to make redundant if things went wrong.Flexibility suits some workers,too.According to'one survey,47%of those employed on zero-hours contracts were content to have no minimum contracted hours.Many of these workers are in full-time education.The ability to tum down work is important to students,who want to revise(or sit in the sun)at this time of year.Pensioners keen for a little extra income can often live with the uncertainty of not having guaranteed hours.Yet that leaves more than a quarter of workers on zero-hours contracts who say they are unhappy with their conditions.Some of this is cyclical.During recessions,a dearth of permanent positions forces people into jobs with no contracted hours even if they do not want them(the govemment has just said that unemployed people who refuse to accept zero-hours contracts could be cut off from benerits).Underemployment is particularly prevalent among these workers,35%of whom would like more hours compared with 12%in other jobs.As the economy recovers,many should be able to renegotiate their contracts or find permanent jobs.But the recovery will not cause unwanted zero hours contracts to disappear.Some workers will never have much negotiating power:they are constrained by geography,family commitments and lack of competition for their skills among a small number of big employers.Zero-hours contracts make it easier for employers to abuse their labour-market power.Some use them to avoid statutory obligations such as sick and maternity pay.Workers are penalised for not being available when requested.And some contracts contain exclusivity clauses which prevent workers from taking additionaljobs.These can harm other employers as well as workers,and actually reduce labour market flexibility.That,at least,is worth doing away with. "Zero-hours contract"would benefit_____

　　A economy recovery

　　B Labor Party

　　C employment

　　D the govemment

　　答案：C  

　　答案解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)定位詞定位在第一段，定位詞在結(jié)尾處有體現(xiàn)，而段落開頭體現(xiàn)的信息為Britain's flexible labour market was a boon during the economic slump,helping keep joblessness down and then.when the recovery began，allowing employment to rise(英國經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間，其靈活的勞動(dòng)力市場簡直就是一個(gè)福音，它既保持了英國較低的失業(yè)率，也在經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇時(shí)提高了就業(yè)率。)與這個(gè)信息相對(duì)應(yīng)的選項(xiàng)為C項(xiàng)employment“就業(yè)”，故C項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng).【干擾排除】B項(xiàng)雖然在段落中有提到，但是文中說YeL one of its bendier bits is causing politicians to fret.(但其所帶來的一些革新卻讓政客們惶恐不安。)與題目的說法相反，剩余的選項(xiàng)在段落中沒有提及，因此均應(yīng)當(dāng)排除。

　　5、Text 2 Britain's flexible labour market was a boon during the economic slump,helping keep joblessness down and then,when the recovery began,allowing employment to rise.Yet one of its bendier bits is causing politicians to fret.Ed Miliband,the leader of the Labour Party,has promised a crackdown on"zero_hours contracts"if he wins the next election.The government has launched a consultation.Zero-hours contracts allow firms to employ workers for as few or as many hours as they need,with no prior notice.In theory,at least,people can refuse work.Fully l.4m jobs were based on these contracts in January 2014,according to a snapshot taken by the Office for National Statistics.That is just 4%of the total,but the share rises to a quarter in the hospitality business.The contracts are useful for firms with erratic pattems of demand,such as hotels and restaurants.They have also helped firms to expand during the recovery-allowing them to test new business lines before hiring permanent staff,who would be more costly to make redundant if things went wrong.Flexibility suits some workers,too.According to'one survey,47%of those employed on zero-hours contracts were content to have no minimum contracted hours.Many of these workers are in full-time education.The ability to tum down work is important to students,who want to revise(or sit in the sun)at this time of year.Pensioners keen for a little extra income can often live with the uncertainty of not having guaranteed hours.Yet that leaves more than a quarter of workers on zero-hours contracts who say they are unhappy with their conditions.Some of this is cyclical.During recessions,a dearth of permanent positions forces people into jobs with no contracted hours even if they do not want them(the govemment has just said that unemployed people who refuse to accept zero-hours contracts could be cut off from benerits).Underemployment is particularly prevalent among these workers,35%of whom would like more hours compared with 12%in other jobs.As the economy recovers,many should be able to renegotiate their contracts or find permanent jobs.But the recovery will not cause unwanted zero hours contracts to disappear.Some workers will never have much negotiating power:they are constrained by geography,family commitments and lack of competition for their skills among a small number of big employers.Zero-hours contracts make it easier for employers to abuse their labour-market power.Some use them to avoid statutory obligations such as sick and maternity pay.Workers are penalised for not being available when requested.And some contracts contain exclusivity clauses which prevent workers from taking additionaljobs.These can harm other employers as well as workers,and actually reduce labour market flexibility.That,at least,is worth doing away with. What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?

　　A Many workers on zero-hours contracts are often unsatisfied with their conditions.

　　B Many people don't want to join permanent work.

　　C Economic recovery will eventually lead to zero-hours contracts out of date.

　　D Reducing labour-market flexibility is not the original idea of zero-hours contracts

　　答案：D  

　　答案解析：推理判斷題。解決此題的關(guān)鍵是通讀段落后找到四個(gè)選項(xiàng)在段落中的位置，通讀第五段可以得出零時(shí)工合同的影響即：Yet that leaves more thana quarter ofworkers on zero-hours contracts who say they are unhappy with their conditions.(然而.25%以上的零時(shí)合同工對(duì)自己的工作環(huán)境不滿。)25%并不等同于很多，同時(shí)第六段結(jié)尾處也說了工人的初衷并不是要降低市場靈活性，與這個(gè)信息相對(duì)應(yīng)的選項(xiàng)為D項(xiàng)Reducing labour-market flexibility js not the original idea of zero-hours corWacts.“減少勞動(dòng)力市場的靈活性并不是零時(shí)工合同最初的目標(biāo)”。所以D項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。【干擾排除】A項(xiàng)的Many與第五段第一句中的more than a quarter of workers不相符;B項(xiàng)與第五段的尾句相反;C項(xiàng)，文中沒有提到“過時(shí)”，因此應(yīng)當(dāng)排除。

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