1、Priests,teachers and parents have for generations advised their wards io think twice before speaking,to count to ten when angry and to get a good night's sleep before making big decisions.Social networks care little for seconcl thoughts.Services such as Facebook and Twitter are built to maximise"virality",making it irresistible to share,like and retweet things.They are getting better at it:fully half of the 40 most-retweeted tweets clate from January last year.Starting this month,however,users of WhatsApp,a messaging service owned by Facebook,will find it harder to spread content.They will no longer be able to forward messages to more than 20 0thers in one go,down from more than 100.The goal is not to prevent people from sharing information-only to get users to think about what they are passing on.It Js an idea other platforms should consider copying.Skeptics point out that WhatsApp can afford to hinder the spread of information on its platform because it does not rely on the sale of adverrisements to make money.Slowing down sharing would be more damaging to social networks such as Facebook and Twitter,which make money by keeping users on their sites and showing them ads.Their shareholders would surely refuse anything that lessens engagement.Sure enough,Facebook's shares fell by 23%in after-hours trading,partly because Mark Zuckerberg,its boss,said that its priority would be to get users to interact more with each other,not to promote viral content.Yet the short-term pain caused by a decline in virality may be in the long-term interests of the social networks.Fake news and concerns about cligital addiction,among other things,have already damaged the reputations of tech platforms.Moves to slow sharing could lielp see off harsh action by regulators and lawmakers.They could also improve its service.Instagram,a photo-sharing social network also owned by Facebook,shows that you can be successful without resorting to virality.It offers no sharing options and does not allow links but boasts more than a billion monthly users.It has remained relatively free of misinformation.Facebook does not break out Instagram's revenues,but it is thought to make money.The need to constrain virality is becoming ever more urgent.About half the world uses the internet today.The next 3.8bn users to go online will be poorer and less familiar with media.The examples of deceptions,misinformation and violence in India suggest that the capacity to manipulate people online is even greater when they first gain access to cligital communications.Small changes can have big effects:social networks have become expert at making their services compulsive by adjusting shades of blue and the size of buttons.They have the knowledge and the tools to maximise the sharing of information.That gives them the power to limit its virality,too. The author suggests social networks should

　　A limit the sharing of information.

　　B publicize the knowledge about virality.

　　C avoid making further small changes.

　　D get more control over new netizens.

　　正確答案：A  

　　答案解析：作者在第四段②句針對(duì)WhatsApp舉措質(zhì)疑者的看法亮明“病毒式傳播下降有利于社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)長遠(yuǎn)利益”的觀點(diǎn)并佐證;第六段①句直言抑制病毒式傳播在當(dāng)前愈發(fā)迫切。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為社交網(wǎng)站應(yīng)該限制病毒式傳播，即信息分享.A.正確。[解題技巧]B.源于末段②句the knowledge.…to maximise the sharing of information.但文中并未涉及對(duì)病毒式傳播相關(guān)知識(shí)的“公開”。C.源于末段①句small changes can have big effects.本句雖指社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)通過微小的改變令人上癮，但是結(jié)合②③句“他們同時(shí)具備促進(jìn)/限制病毒式傳播的能力”，以及上文對(duì)WhatsApp微小改變(限制轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)人數(shù))的贊賞，可知作者認(rèn)為社交網(wǎng)站能夠、也應(yīng)該通過微小的改變限制病毒式傳播。D.曲解第六段③④句對(duì)新網(wǎng)民的描述，原文意借“新網(wǎng)民更易受虛假信息影響”凸顯限制病毒式傳播的必要，亦即社交網(wǎng)站需要限制病毒式傳播.而非限制新網(wǎng)民。

　　2、The European Commission's proposed tax on digital services is intended to make companies such as Google and Uber pay more.The idea is that such firms are gaming the rules at the expense of other taxpayers.The issue is real and needs to be addressed-but the answer under discussion breaks with both established international practice and plain common sense.Formal talks on the plan are due to start this week.The commission is calling for a 3 percent tax on the turnover of large digital enterprises-those with EU digital revenues over 50 million euros and total global revenues of over 750 million euros.About half the companies affected would be American,the EU estimates.The commission says it has been left with little choice.The value generated by digital companies doesn't require a physical presence,making them harder to rax.Digital businesses arrange their affairs to exploit this:They allocate income to low-tax jurisdictions and,according to officials,end up paying an effective tax of roughly 10 percent of profits,less than half of the burden carried by traditional businesses.Officials acknowledge that the right solution is a thorough overhaul of the corporate tax code,especially as it affects international firms selling digital services-and that this should be done not unilaterally but in cooperation with other countries,notably the U.S.Efforts are in fact underway,but progress has been slow,and EU officials have chosen to do something,anything,as soon as possible.Doing nothing would be better than this.For a start,the plan wouldn't raise much revenue-a meager 5 billion euros each year.And this supposedly fairer tax would bring abnormal results.For instance,companies such as Uber that don't make money will have a new cost to absorb;highly profitable firms with market power,such as Facebook,will be able to pass the tax on to their consumers.Small startups will be exempt from the new tax-unless they're acquired by larger companies.That will discourage consolidations.And the proposal as it stands may tax more activities than intended:Some financial services,for example,seem to be within its scope In its zeal to tax digital enterprises,the commission departs from many of its own stated principles.Its plan would probably require accessing individual,not just anonymized,user data.This runs counter to the EU's strict new rules on privacy,coming into force next month.Efforts to design a multinational solution need to be stepped up,not set aside.The goal should be a fair,multilateral framework that recognizes the complexity of the new digital economy while respecting the sovereignty of nations to set their own tax policy.That's an international challenge demanding an international solution. The author believes ihat the commission's tax plan would

　　A ultimately harm consumers

　　B benefit some financial services

　　C help curb monopoly power

　　D force privacy rules to be modified.

　　正確答案：A  

　　答案解析：第五、六段明確歐洲數(shù)字稅計(jì)劃的后果(the plan wouldn't.…Its plan would.…)。第五段先指出數(shù)字稅計(jì)劃不僅不會(huì)增加多少稅收，還會(huì)引發(fā)很多異�，F(xiàn)象，隨后舉例說明異�，F(xiàn)象(For Jnstance).其中之一為④句“高盈利公司會(huì)把稅費(fèi)轉(zhuǎn)嫁給消費(fèi)者”;第六段②句“可能需要獲取個(gè)人的非匿名數(shù)據(jù)”暗示數(shù)字稅計(jì)劃可能會(huì)“侵犯個(gè)人(消費(fèi)者)隱私”，綜上判斷A.正確。[解題技巧]B.與第五段⑦句“數(shù)字稅可能會(huì)波及一些計(jì)劃外的活動(dòng)，如一些金融服務(wù)(會(huì)損害一些金融服務(wù)的利益)”相悖。C.與第五段④句“臉譜網(wǎng)等高盈利公司會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)嫁其稅收負(fù)擔(dān)(不會(huì)受到太大影響)”相悖。D.將第六段“歐盟的數(shù)字稅計(jì)劃背離其隱私新規(guī)(行為前后矛盾)”篡改為“隱私新規(guī)將被修改、以契合數(shù)字稅計(jì)劃”。

　　3、Priests,teachers and parents have for generations advised their wards io think twice before speaking,to count to ten when angry and to get a good night's sleep before making big decisions.Social networks care little for seconcl thoughts.Services such as Facebook and Twitter are built to maximise"virality",making it irresistible to share,like and retweet things.They are getting better at it:fully half of the 40 most-retweeted tweets clate from January last year.Starting this month,however,users of WhatsApp,a messaging service owned by Facebook,will find it harder to spread content.They will no longer be able to forward messages to more than 20 0thers in one go,down from more than 100.The goal is not to prevent people from sharing information-only to get users to think about what they are passing on.It Js an idea other platforms should consider copying.Skeptics point out that WhatsApp can afford to hinder the spread of information on its platform because it does not rely on the sale of adverrisements to make money.Slowing down sharing would be more damaging to social networks such as Facebook and Twitter,which make money by keeping users on their sites and showing them ads.Their shareholders would surely refuse anything that lessens engagement.Sure enough,Facebook's shares fell by 23%in after-hours trading,partly because Mark Zuckerberg,its boss,said that its priority would be to get users to interact more with each other,not to promote viral content.Yet the short-term pain caused by a decline in virality may be in the long-term interests of the social networks.Fake news and concerns about cligital addiction,among other things,have already damaged the reputations of tech platforms.Moves to slow sharing could lielp see off harsh action by regulators and lawmakers.They could also improve its service.Instagram,a photo-sharing social network also owned by Facebook,shows that you can be successful without resorting to virality.It offers no sharing options and does not allow links but boasts more than a billion monthly users.It has remained relatively free of misinformation.Facebook does not break out Instagram's revenues,but it is thought to make money.The need to constrain virality is becoming ever more urgent.About half the world uses the internet today.The next 3.8bn users to go online will be poorer and less familiar with media.The examples of deceptions,misinformation and violence in India suggest that the capacity to manipulate people online is even greater when they first gain access to cligital communications.Small changes can have big effects:social networks have become expert at making their services compulsive by adjusting shades of blue and the size of buttons.They have the knowledge and the tools to maximise the sharing of information.That gives them the power to limit its virality,too. The advice of priests,teachers and parents is brought up to

　　A stress the necessity for social networks to circulate them.

　　B highlight the sharing without thinking on social networks.

　　C warn people against the danger of indulging in virtual life.

　　D urge social networks to build services more cautiously.

　　正確答案：B  

　　答案解析：文首句首先引出神父等人提出的“三思后行”忠告;②③句隨后指出社交網(wǎng)站對(duì)這一忠告的站位：不喜歡，反而鼓勵(lì)病毒式傳播(即，不假思索分享行為)�？梢娢恼率墙枭窀傅取叭�思后行”的忠告凸顯社交網(wǎng)站”不鼓勵(lì)三思后行、反而鼓勵(lì)大家分享、轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)信息”，B.正確。[解題技巧]A.著眼于忠告本身，并由此捏造出“社交網(wǎng)站應(yīng)該傳播‘三思后行”’，但文意重點(diǎn)在于“社交網(wǎng)站上的傳播方式(病毒式傳播)”，而非“社交網(wǎng)站的傳播內(nèi)容”。C.利用常識(shí)“沉迷于網(wǎng)絡(luò)有害”干擾.但與文意重點(diǎn)“社交網(wǎng)站病毒式傳播”以及引子“三思后行”均無關(guān)聯(lián)。D.源于對(duì)Services.…are built to.…與”三思后行”的含義“謹(jǐn)慎行事”的捏合，但文意重在質(zhì)疑“社交網(wǎng)站開發(fā)服務(wù)的目的：最大化病毒式傳播”而非“社交網(wǎng)站開發(fā)服務(wù)的方式”。

　　4、The European Commission's proposed tax on digital services is intended to make companies such as Google and Uber pay more.The idea is that such firms are gaming the rules at the expense of other taxpayers.The issue is real and needs to be addressed-but the answer under discussion breaks with both established international practice and plain common sense.Formal talks on the plan are due to start this week.The commission is calling for a 3 percent tax on the turnover of large digital enterprises-those with EU digital revenues over 50 million euros and total global revenues of over 750 million euros.About half the companies affected would be American,the EU estimates.The commission says it has been left with little choice.The value generated by digital companies doesn't require a physical presence,making them harder to rax.Digital businesses arrange their affairs to exploit this:They allocate income to low-tax jurisdictions and,according to officials,end up paying an effective tax of roughly 10 percent of profits,less than half of the burden carried by traditional businesses.Officials acknowledge that the right solution is a thorough overhaul of the corporate tax code,especially as it affects international firms selling digital services-and that this should be done not unilaterally but in cooperation with other countries,notably the U.S.Efforts are in fact underway,but progress has been slow,and EU officials have chosen to do something,anything,as soon as possible.Doing nothing would be better than this.For a start,the plan wouldn't raise much revenue-a meager 5 billion euros each year.And this supposedly fairer tax would bring abnormal results.For instance,companies such as Uber that don't make money will have a new cost to absorb;highly profitable firms with market power,such as Facebook,will be able to pass the tax on to their consumers.Small startups will be exempt from the new tax-unless they're acquired by larger companies.That will discourage consolidations.And the proposal as it stands may tax more activities than intended:Some financial services,for example,seem to be within its scope In its zeal to tax digital enterprises,the commission departs from many of its own stated principles.Its plan would probably require accessing individual,not just anonymized,user data.This runs counter to the EU's strict new rules on privacy,coming into force next month.Efforts to design a multinational solution need to be stepped up,not set aside.The goal should be a fair,multilateral framework that recognizes the complexity of the new digital economy while respecting the sovereignty of nations to set their own tax policy.That's an international challenge demanding an international solution. What is the ultimate goal that digital tax legislation should pursue?

　　A Efficient unilateral solution.s.

　　B Simplified corporate tax systems

　　C A global cooperative approach

　　D An anti-tax avoidance package

　　正確答案：C  

　　答案解析：第七段先指出“歐盟應(yīng)加緊努力設(shè)計(jì)多國解決方案，而非獨(dú)自行動(dòng)”，隨后明確“立法最終目標(biāo)應(yīng)是公平的多邊體系(a multilateral framework)”，最后再次強(qiáng)調(diào)“‘對(duì)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)征稅，是國際性挑戰(zhàn)，需要國際性的解決方案(a multinational/international solution)”，C.契合題意。[解題技巧]A.將第七段②句“多邊體系亦應(yīng)尊重各國立法主權(quán)(各國可變通地在多邊體系下立法)”曲解為“采用單邊解決方案”。B.將第七段②句complexity所修飾主體“數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)”偷換為“公司稅制”，并由此臆斷出“應(yīng)簡化公司稅制”。D.由第三段“數(shù)字公司通過轉(zhuǎn)移無形資產(chǎn)避稅”推斷而來，但選項(xiàng)遺漏文章觀點(diǎn)“歐盟的區(qū)域性解決方案不可行，數(shù)字稅立法需全球通力合作”。

　　5、We're bringing health care to"where people live and work."So declared Larry Merlo,CEO of CVS Health,an American retail-pharmacy giant,announcing a69billiondealtobuyAetna,aheatthinsurer.Onerationaleforthedeal−assumingtheregulatorswaveitthrough−isforthemergedfirmtodeveloppersonalisedhealthcarethatpeoplecaneasilygetaccessto.　　Thereisanother,moredefensive,impetusbehindthedeal−theprospectofAmazongoingintoprescriptionmedicine.TheAmericanpharmaceuticalmarketisanalluringonefortheonlinegiant.Itislarge,worth450 billion in 2016.And it is widely regarded as inefficient,leaving customers without good information about products they are buying.Compared with books,toys and other bulky items,the drugs market would appear to be a nirvana for Amazon.Prescription medicines weigh almost nothing,take up little space and can cost hundreds or thousands of dollars per pill.But three barriers block the road to this idyll.First,the sale and distribution of drugs is heavily regulated.Amazon would not be able to dump prescription drugs into the same fulfilment channels as its other products.It must acquire pharmaceutical licences for any state where it wishes to operate.Amazon would also need approval from the Food and Drug Administration at a federal level.Operating in a controlled industry would be a departure for a free-wheeling tech firm.Second,most drugs are paid for by insurers,not by consumers.The pharmacy-benefits managers(PBMs),a sort of middlemen that buy drugs for insurers and companies,perform the complex task of matching purchases with patients'insurers,so that drugs are paid for.That is a source of the sort of opacity that Amazon would seek to remove.But the rcommerce firm would still need to handle issues of payment in the background,without keeping asking consumers for insurance details.Third,although drugs do come in small packages,their shipping and handling often require special attention.Many drugs must be kept cold throughout the supply chain.Others are dangerous,and must be kept in locked cages.Yet these drugs are often also the most expensive.If Amazon cherry-picks drugs that fit well into its existing network,it will miss out on a large slice of the market.Customers could find it confusing to be able to get some prescriptions through Amazon's store but not others.Amazon could find itself a partner,however.In July the boss of Express Scripts,a PBM,said it could use Amazon as an"efficient provider in networks".Or Amazon could buy what it needs.It might buy Rite Aid,a big pharmacy chain,giving it licences,a"cold-chain"infrastructure and Rite Aid's small PBM in one swoop.A prospect like that goes a long way to explaining the marriage of CVS and Aetna. What prompted CVS to buy Aetna?

　　A lts eagerness to bring health care to all.

　　B Its desire to develop personalized medicine

　　C Its concern over a potential threat

　　D lts passion for prescription drug business

　　正確答案：C  

　　答案解析：第二段②句指出，CVS收購Aetna這一交易背后有一個(gè)自衛(wèi)性的推動(dòng)力量：網(wǎng)絡(luò)巨頭Amazon大有進(jìn)入處方藥市場(chǎng)的可能。稍作推理可知，二者合并在很大程度上是為了增強(qiáng)力量、對(duì)抗Amazon這一巨大競爭/威脅，C.正確。[排除干擾]A.利用開篇句干擾，但選項(xiàng)bring health care to all和原文bringing health care to“where people live ancl work”存在偏差，且這是“CVS宣稱的合并前景”，并非題目所問“推動(dòng)合并的原因”。B.偷換第二段首句所述合并原因，將“開發(fā)個(gè)性化醫(yī)療保健(develop personalised health care)”改為“研發(fā)個(gè)性化藥品(develop personalized medicine)”。D.將第二段②句所述合并原因“Amazon意欲進(jìn)入處方藥市場(chǎng)”改為“二者合并意在進(jìn)軍處方藥市場(chǎng)”。

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