[單選題]

　　Who knows better than your customers where your operations can be improved?Today progressive firms increasingly rely on advisory councils to suggest improvements, recommend action, and offer feedback on programs and policies.In fact, many companies feel that this form of communication is vital to the continuous improvement of their business operations.

　　A council, among other things, improves communication and spurs improvement of operations.Remember that the secret to success is dialogue-the exchange of ideas and opinions.Focus on problems your customers have Spell out your goals and objectives.

　　Each meeting should have a specific objective to accomplish.Determine the meetings frequency.If you want to implement a strategic plan, an annual meeting may be enough.If you want to focus on operational issues, more meetings may be needed.

　　A good council will have no more than 12 people, with half of the members from your company and half from your customers.It should also have diversity in its membership.Members should serve from one to three years-rotation of membership will ensure the council doesn’t become stale.

　　Find an approximate meeting site, whether it's in house or off site, where there will be no ptions.You should pay for all the expenses related to the meeting-members are providing your company with a service.Treat them as your guests and your experts.

　　If you have a fixed beginning and ending time to your meeting, stick to it.when structuring he meeting, remember the 80/20 problem-solving rule.Structure the meeting so that 20 percent of the time is spent identifying or discussing a problem and 80 percent of the time is spent designing a solution.

　　Often it is helpful to have a person act as timekeeper and announce when the agenda time for a particular item has expired.However, during the meeting, be flexible.The facilitator can allow the group to decide whether to move on to the next item or extend the discussion.As you go along,look to narrow the differences among members and form a consensus.

　　As the meeting closes, summarize what was accomplished, checking for an agreement and commitment among the members.Make a detailed list of the follow-up items, who has responsibility for each item, and a timeline for completion.

　　The result from really listening to and learning from your customers in a well-run advisory council can pay huge dividends.

　　The time arrangement of the meeting______.

　　Athe membership should not be neglected

　　Borganizers should make summaries after that

　　Cthe meeting should be held frequently.

　　Dcommunication can promote the development of companies

　　Eit's better to elect a president.

　　Fcompanies can find out problems

　　Gis important, so it's better to have a person to set the pace

　　參考答案：G

　　單選題]

　　The majority of people，about nine out of ten，are right-handed. 1______ until recently，people who were left-handed were considered 2______，and once children showed this tendency they were forced to use their right hands.Today left-handedness is generally 3______，but it is still a disadvantage in a world 4______ most people are right-handed.For example，most tools and implements are still 5______ for right-handed people.

　　In sports by contrast，doing things with the left hand or foot，is often a( n)6______.Throwing，kicking，punching or batting from the “7______” side may result in throwing off many opponents who are more 8______ to dealing with 9______ of players who are right-handed.This is why，in many 10______ at a professional level，a 11______ proportion of players are left-handed than in the population as a whole.

　　The word “right” in many languages means “correct” or is 12______ with lawfulness whereas the words 13______ with “l(fā)eft”，such as “sinister”，generally have 14______ associations.Moreover，among a number of primitive peoples，there is a close association 15______ death and the left hand.

　　In the past，in 16______ Western societies，children were often forced to use their right hands，especially to write with.In some cases the left hand was 17______ behind the child’s back so that it could not be used.If，in the future，they are 18______ to choose，there will certainly be more left-handers，and probably 19______ people with minor psychological disturbances as a result of being forced to use their 20______ hand.

　　there is a close association 15______ death and the left hand.

　　Aalong

　　Bmidst

　　Camong

　　Dbetween

　　參考答案：D

　　[單選題]

　　Standard English is the variety of English which is usually used in print and which is normally taught in schools and to non-native speakers learning the language.It is also the variety which is normally 1______ by educated people and used in news broadcasts and other 2______ situations.The difference between standard and nonstandard，it should be noted，has 3______ in principle to do with differences between formal and colloquial 4______;standard English has colloquial as well as formal variants.

　　5______，the standard variety of English is based on the London 6______ of English that developed after the Norman Conquest resulted from the removal of the Court from Winchester to London.This dialect became the one 7______ by the educated，and it was developed and 8______ as a model，or norm，for wider and wider segments of society.It was also the 9______ that was carried overseas，but not one unaffected by such export.Today，10______ English is 11______ to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary of English are much the same everywhere in the world where English is used;12______ among local standards is really quite minor，13______ the Singapore，South Africa，and Irish varieties are really very 14______ different from one another so far as grammar and vocabulary are 15______.Indeed，Standard English is so powerful that it exerts a tremendous 16______ on all local varieties，to the extent that many of long 17______ dialects of England have lost much of their vigor and there is considerable pressure on them to be 18______.This latter situation is not 19______ to English ：it is also true in other countries where processes of standardization are 20______ .But it sometimes creates problems for speakers who try to strike some kind of compromise between local norms and national，even supranational (跨國的) ones.

　　to the extent that many of long 17______

　　Aestablished

　　Bweakened

　　Crestored

　　Deliminated

　　參考答案：A

　　[單選題]

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　Prevailing wisdom always has us use teamwork as much as possible to face challenges head-on. The theory is that working in teams—especially those with different skillsets and backgrounds—sparks innovation， 1 flexibility，and leads to better outcomes. However， recent research suggests that maximizing teamwork often fails to 2 the results we expect ; in fact， in some cases， it 3 them.

　　The reality is that productive teamwork and collaboration are hard to 4 . Bringing together people with 5 expertise can potentially stall rather than 6 innovation， especially when 7 to an urgent need. Not to mention the larger， structural 8 that often leave team members jockeying for positions， making power grabs， and withholding information to protect their turf.

　　This is not to say we should throw teamwork 9 the window entirely. 10 ， we believe a change in mindset about how to best 11 it is needed to achieve the flexibility and resilience.

　　12 maximizing teamwork， research on what distinguishes flexible organizations suggests that we need to rightsize it. This means 13 what form and how much teamwork is needed at each stage of a project to get it done efficiently and effectively. Rightsizing teamwork requires 14 selecting the right people to contribute，at the right time.

　　15 this approach may 16 seem in conflict with goals of inclusivity， consideration， and respect—when done right， it can improve those things. 17 others when they are needed， 18 by default， is actually more respectful of the many people who are 19 from project overload and burnout. Rightsizing is not about minimizing inclusion. It’s about changing “teamwork” from a buzzword to an 20 practice that creates seamless companywide connections.

　　以下選項4題答案為()。

　　Aaffect

　　Bachieve

　　Cpredict

　　Dmaintain

　　參考答案：B[問答題]One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.

　　When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it, we invent excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of the century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing.(1)Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. The evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.

　　It is painful to read these roundabout accounts today. We have no land ethic yet,(2)but we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.

　　A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds.(3)Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species. Here again, the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid. It is only in recent years that we hear the more honest argument that predators are members of the community, and that no special interest has the right to exterminate them for the sake of a benefit, real or fancied, to itself.

　　Some species of trees have been “read out of the party” by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale value to pay as timber crops.(4)In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason. Moreover, some have been found to have a valuable function in building up soil fertility. The interdependence of the forest and its constituent tree species, ground flora, and fauna is taken for granted.

　　To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided.(5)It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.

　　統(tǒng)計：

　　共1人答過，平均正確率100.00%

　　參考答案：

　　完全以經(jīng)濟動機為基礎(chǔ)的環(huán)保體系存在一個基本缺陷，即陸地生物群落中的大部分生物沒有經(jīng)濟價值。然而，這些生物卻是生物群落的一部分，如果生物群落的穩(wěn)定性取決于其完整性，那么這些生物就有延續(xù)生存的資格。

　　當其中一個無經(jīng)濟價值的物種受到威脅時，如果我們碰巧又喜歡這個物種，我們就會編造借口使其具有經(jīng)濟價值。本世紀初，人們認為鳴鳥應(yīng)該要消失了。(1)科學(xué)家們立即拿出某些明顯站不住腳的證據(jù)前來救駕，大致是說如果鳥類不能控制害蟲數(shù)量的話，害蟲就會吞噬我們?nèi)祟�。證據(jù)必須和經(jīng)濟相關(guān)，才會有效。

　　如今閱讀這些拐彎抹角的說辭真令人頭疼。雖然我們還沒有土地的倫理觀，(2)但是我們至少已經(jīng)幾乎承認，不管鳥類對我們是否具有經(jīng)濟利益，它們都應(yīng)該繼續(xù)享有其固有的生存權(quán)利。

　　肉食哺乳動物和食魚的鳥類也存在類似的情形。(3)生物學(xué)家們曾一度濫用了這個證據(jù)，即這些生物通過獵殺弱者來保持獵物的健康發(fā)展，或者只是捕食“沒有價值的”物種。這再次說明，證據(jù)必須和經(jīng)濟有關(guān)，才會有效。直到最近幾年，我們才聽到一種更誠實的論點：肉食動物是生物群落的成員，任何有特殊利益的群體都無權(quán)為了自己的利益消滅它們，無論是真實的還是假想的。

　　某些種類的樹木被一些有經(jīng)濟頭腦的林業(yè)員認為是，“非我族類”，因為它們生長速度過慢或者作為木材售價太低。(4)在林業(yè)生態(tài)更為發(fā)達的歐洲，那些沒有商業(yè)價值的樹種被視為原始森林群落的成員而被合理保護。此外，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)有些樹種在增加土壤肥力方面起著重要作用。森林和組成森林的樹種、地表植物群以及動物群相互依存，都被視為是理所當然的。

　　總而言之，一種環(huán)保體系完全基于自身經(jīng)濟利益是非常不平衡的。(5)這種環(huán)保體系容易忽視并最終導(dǎo)致陸地生物群落中諸多物種的滅絕，而這些物種雖然缺乏商業(yè)價值，但對陸地生物群落的健康運行卻至關(guān)重要。它錯誤地認為，即使缺少無經(jīng)濟價值的那一部分，生物系統(tǒng)具有經(jīng)濟價值的部分也一樣可以正常運行。

進入焚題庫 領(lǐng)取備考資料

　　☛☛☛試題來源于華課網(wǎng)校焚題庫，進入2022年研究生考試練習(xí)題庫>>>更多考研試題(每日一練、模擬試卷、歷年真題、易錯題)等你來做!

掃碼進入考研交流群

☟☟☟