[單選題]

　　The majority of people，about nine out of ten，are right-handed. 1______ until recently，people who were left-handed were considered 2______，and once children showed this tendency they were forced to use their right hands.Today left-handedness is generally 3______，but it is still a disadvantage in a world 4______ most people are right-handed.For example，most tools and implements are still 5______ for right-handed people.

　　In sports by contrast，doing things with the left hand or foot，is often a( n)6______.Throwing，kicking，punching or batting from the “7______” side may result in throwing off many opponents who are more 8______ to dealing with 9______ of players who are right-handed.This is why，in many 10______ at a professional level，a 11______ proportion of players are left-handed than in the population as a whole.

　　The word “right” in many languages means “correct” or is 12______ with lawfulness whereas the words 13______ with “l(fā)eft”，such as “sinister”，generally have 14______ associations.Moreover，among a number of primitive peoples，there is a close association 15______ death and the left hand.

　　In the past，in 16______ Western societies，children were often forced to use their right hands，especially to write with.In some cases the left hand was 17______ behind the child’s back so that it could not be used.If，in the future，they are 18______ to choose，there will certainly be more left-handers，and probably 19______ people with minor psychological disturbances as a result of being forced to use their 20______ hand.

　　Today left-handedness is generally 3______

　　Aaccepted

　　Badmitted

　　Capproved

　　Dacknowledged

　　參考答案：A

　　[單選題]

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　Prevailing wisdom always has us use teamwork as much as possible to face challenges head-on. The theory is that working in teams—especially those with different skillsets and backgrounds—sparks innovation， 1 flexibility，and leads to better outcomes. However， recent research suggests that maximizing teamwork often fails to 2 the results we expect ; in fact， in some cases， it 3 them.

　　The reality is that productive teamwork and collaboration are hard to 4 . Bringing together people with 5 expertise can potentially stall rather than 6 innovation， especially when 7 to an urgent need. Not to mention the larger， structural 8 that often leave team members jockeying for positions， making power grabs， and withholding information to protect their turf.

　　This is not to say we should throw teamwork 9 the window entirely. 10 ， we believe a change in mindset about how to best 11 it is needed to achieve the flexibility and resilience.

　　12 maximizing teamwork， research on what distinguishes flexible organizations suggests that we need to rightsize it. This means 13 what form and how much teamwork is needed at each stage of a project to get it done efficiently and effectively. Rightsizing teamwork requires 14 selecting the right people to contribute，at the right time.

　　15 this approach may 16 seem in conflict with goals of inclusivity， consideration， and respect—when done right， it can improve those things. 17 others when they are needed， 18 by default， is actually more respectful of the many people who are 19 from project overload and burnout. Rightsizing is not about minimizing inclusion. It’s about changing “teamwork” from a buzzword to an 20 practice that creates seamless companywide connections.

　　以下選項(xiàng)12題答案為()。

　　AApart from

　　BInstead of

　　CRegardless of

　　DAccording to

　　參考答案：B

　　[單選題]

　　On April 20，2000，in Accra，the capital of Ghana，the leaders of six West African countries declared their intention to proceed to monetary union among the non-CFA franc countries of the region by January 2003，as the first step toward a wider monetary union including all the ECOWAS countries in 2004.The six countries 1______ themselves to 2______ central bank financing of budget deficits to 10 percent of the previous years government 3______;reducing budget deficits to 4 percent of the second phase by 2003，and attacking the budget deficit and other economic problems;creating a Convergence Council to help 4______ macroeconomic policies，which must be the foundation of a stable financial system;and 5______ up a common central bank，with the purpose of actively supporting the expansion of domestic demand.Their declaration 6______ that ：“The experiences of any particular country are even less applicable to a monetary union.Member States 7______ the need for8______ political commitment and undertake to 9______ all such national policies as would 10______ the regional monetary integration process.”

　　The 11______ a monetary union in ECOWAS has long been an objective of the organization，going back to its formation in 1975，and is intended to 12______ broader integration process that would include enhanced regional trade and 13______ institutions.In the colonial period，currency boards 14______ sets of countries in the region.On independence，15______，these currency boards were dissolved，with the 16______ of the CFA franc zone，which included the francophone countries of the region. 17______ there have been attempts to advance the agenda of ECOWAS monetary cooperation，political problems and other economic priorities in several of the region's countries have to 18______ inhibited progress.Although some problems remain，the recent initiative has been bolstered by the election in 1999 of a democratic government and a leader who is committed to regional 19______ in Nigeria，the largest economy of the region，raising hopes that the long-delayed project can be 20______.

　　raising hopes that the long-delayed project can be 20______.

　　Arevived

　　Brenewed

　　Crestored

　　Drefreshed

　　參考答案：A

　　[單選題]Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems. It___1___in young adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and then___2___starts to slowly decline as we age. But___3___aging is inevitable. scientists are finding that certain changes in brain function may not be.

　　One study found that muscle loss and the___4___of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. This suggests the___5___that lifestyle factors might help prevent or___6___this type of decline.

　　The researchers looked at data that___7___measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and___8___that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. They found that middle-aged people___9___higher measures of abdominal fat___10___worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years___11___.

　　For women, the association may be___12___to changes in immunity that resulted from excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be___13___. It is hoped that future studies could___14___these differences and perhaps lead to different for men and women.

　　___16___, there are steps you can___17___to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental___18___. The two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your___19___of aerobic exercise and following a Mediterranean-style___20___that is high in fiber and eliminates highly processed foods.

　　11應(yīng)選()。

　　Aran out

　　Bset off

　　Cdrew in

　　Dwent by

　　參考答案：D[問答題]The universities are schools of education， and schools of research. (46) But the primary reason for their existence is not to be found either in the mere knowledge conveyed to the students or in the mere opportunities for research offered to the members of the faculty. Both these functions could be performed at a cheaper rate， apart from these very expensive institutions. Books are cheap， and the system of apprenticeship is well understood. So far as the mere imparting of information is concerned， no university has had any justification for existence since the popularisation of printing in the fifteenth century.

　　(47) The justification for a university is that it preserves the connection between knowledge and the enthusiasm of life， by uniting the young and the old in the imaginative consideration of learning. The university imparts information， but it imparts it imaginatively. This atmosphere of excitement， arising from imaginative consideration， transforms knowledge. A fact is no longer a bare fact： it is invested with all its possibilities. Imagination is not to be divorced from the facts： it is a way of illuminating the facts. (48) It works by drawing out the general principles which apply to the facts， and then by an intellectual survey of alternative possibilities which are consistent with those principles. It enables men to construct an intellectual vision of a new world， and it preserves the enthusiasm of life by the suggestion of satisfying purposes.

　　Youth is imaginative， and if the imagination is strengthened by discipline， this energy of imagination can in great measure be preserved through life. The initial discipline of imagination in its period of youthful vigour requires that there be no responsibility for immediate action. (49) The habit of unbiased thought， by means of which the ideal variety of examples is discerned in its derivation from general principles， cannot be acquired when there is the daily task of maintaining a concrete organisation. You must be free to think rightly and wrongly， and free to appreciate the variousness of the universe undisturbed by its perils.

　　The universities have trained the intellectual pioneers of our civilization—the priests， the lawyers， the statesmen，the doctors， the men of science， and the men of letters. They have been the home of ideals which lead men to confront the confusion of their present times. (50) The way in which a university should function in the preparation for an intellectual career， is by promoting the imaginative consideration of the various general principles underlying that career. Hence， instead of a tedious task issuing in a blind rule of thumb， the properly trained man has some hope of obtaining an imagination disciplined by detailed facts and by necessary habits. Thus，the proper function of a university is the imaginative acquisition of knowledge. A university is imaginative or it is nothing—at least nothing useful.參考答案：

　　46

　　但是大學(xué)存在的主要理由既不體現(xiàn)于單純向?qū)W生傳授知識(shí)，也不體現(xiàn)于單純向教員提供研究機(jī)會(huì)。

　　【解析】①本句主干為 But the primary reason...is not to be found either in A or in B，其中，not...either...or... 直接譯為“既不……也不……”;to be found in字面義是“在……中被找到”，由于其后內(nèi)容較長，且漢語多使用主動(dòng)態(tài)表達(dá)，故翻譯時(shí)調(diào)整為“體現(xiàn)于”。②convey意為“傳遞;傳送”，翻譯時(shí)根據(jù)其邏輯賓語knowledge可調(diào)整為“傳授/傳播”;faculty常見義為“天賦;技能”“高校院系”“高校全體教師”，此處根據(jù)語境及其與students的呼應(yīng)可知，它指向的是“教師”，故members of the faculty譯為“教員”。③mere“僅僅的”在翻譯時(shí)一般處理成狀語“單純;僅僅;只”，因此名詞短語the mere knowledge conveyed... /the mere opportunities for research offered...在翻譯時(shí)需要轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)賓短語“單純傳授知識(shí)/單純提供研究機(jī)會(huì)”。

　　47.

　　大學(xué)存在的理由在于，它將青年人和老年人在充滿想象力的學(xué)術(shù)思索中聯(lián)合起來，維持了知識(shí)與生活熱情之間的聯(lián)結(jié)。

　　【解析】①that引導(dǎo)的表語從句中，方式狀語by...在翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)提前，使譯文呈現(xiàn)“做法—效果”的邏輯;而這樣一來，“通過”的語義在譯文整體結(jié)構(gòu)“它……聯(lián)合……維護(hù)了……”中已經(jīng)體現(xiàn)出來，所以by 本身可以直接省譯。②consideration意為“考慮，深思”，learning此處指高等院校中的“學(xué)術(shù)”而非簡單的“學(xué)習(xí)”，因此the...consideration of learning譯為“學(xué)術(shù)思索/思考”。

　　48.

　　它是這樣起作用的：提煉出適用于事實(shí)的普遍原則，然后對符合這些原則的其他可能性展開智力上的全面考察。

　　【解析】①整句結(jié)構(gòu)為It works by A and then by B，由于方式狀語過長，所以翻譯時(shí)在主句“它是這樣起作用的”之后用冒號(hào)隔開，引出作用方式(work意為“奏效;產(chǎn)生預(yù)期的結(jié)果”)。②定語從句which apply to the facts 與 which are consistent with those principles 長度較短，所以直接譯為定語“適用于事實(shí)的”“符合這些原則的”。③draw out字面義為“引出”，根據(jù)其賓語the general principles調(diào)整為“提煉”;alternative意為“供選擇的”，這里修飾possibilities，指“除了用于推導(dǎo)出普遍原則之外的、同樣符合這些原則的事實(shí)”，直接譯為“其他”即可;survey在本語境下指“對各種可能性進(jìn)行全面研究”，故譯為 “全面考察”。

　　49.

　　如果每天都有維持具體組織的任務(wù)，那么公正思維的習(xí)慣就不可能養(yǎng)成，而正是依靠這種習(xí)慣，從普遍原則衍生出的、理想的豐富例證才能得到辨認(rèn)。

　　【解析】①本句結(jié)構(gòu)有一定理解難度，整體可分為三塊：主句The habit...cannot be acquired、定語從句by means of which... principles和時(shí)間狀語從句when...organisation;主句斷定“習(xí)慣無法養(yǎng)成”，定語從句介紹“習(xí)慣的作用”，時(shí)間狀語從句則明確“何種情況下習(xí)慣無法養(yǎng)成”，因此翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)按“時(shí)間狀語從句→主句→定語從句”的順序譯出。②時(shí)間狀語從句中，there be句型直譯為“有……每日任務(wù) (the daily task)”，為使句子通順，可將定語daily轉(zhuǎn)化為狀語，使時(shí)間狀語從句整體呈現(xiàn)為“如果每天都有……任務(wù)”。③定語從句中，主語the...variety of examples指向“例證多樣性”，its derivation from general principles補(bǔ)充指出“例證多樣性從何衍生而出”(即第48題所說“其他同樣符合普遍原則的/自普遍原則衍生出的可能性”)，翻譯時(shí)大可將這兩部分相結(jié)合，并將中心詞轉(zhuǎn)為“例證”，繼而補(bǔ)充修飾語“從普遍原則衍生出的(derivation from...)”“理想的(ideal)”“豐富(variety)”。

　　50.

　　大學(xué)為腦力勞動(dòng)職業(yè)所起到的準(zhǔn)備作用應(yīng)該是促進(jìn)對奠定這些職業(yè)基礎(chǔ)的各種普遍原則進(jìn)行富有想象力的思索。

　　【解析】①本句主語部分為The way后接一個(gè)in which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，而in the preparation for...則指明大學(xué)“起作用”的場景，整體可譯為“大學(xué)在為腦力勞動(dòng)職業(yè)做準(zhǔn)備時(shí)，所起到的作用方式應(yīng)該(是)”;可進(jìn)一步調(diào)整并得到“大學(xué)為腦力勞動(dòng)職業(yè)所起到的準(zhǔn)備作用應(yīng)該(是)”。②underlie(原文為現(xiàn)在分詞underlying)意為“構(gòu)成……的基礎(chǔ)”，因此將后置定語underlying that career整體譯為“奠定職業(yè)基礎(chǔ)的”并提前。③原文的an intellectual career與that career在數(shù)量方面保持一致，翻譯時(shí)也需貫徹這一原則，故將后者處理成“這些職業(yè)”。

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