[單選題]

　　Even plans can run a fever，especially when they are under attack by insects or disease.But 1______ humans，plants can have their temperature 2______ from 3000 feet away-straight up.A decade ago，3______ the infrared scanning technology developed for military purpose and other satellites，physicist Stephen Paley 4______ a quick way to take the temperature of crops to 5______ which ones are under stress.The goal was to let farmers 6______ target pesticide spraying 7______ rain poison on a whole field，which 8______ include plants that don't have the pest problem.

　　Even better，Paley's Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problem before they became 9______ to the eye.10______ on a plane flown at 3，000 feet at night，an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops.The data were 11______ into a color-coded map showing 12______ plants were running“fevers”.Farmers could then spot spray，using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they 13______ would.

　　The bad news is that Paley's company closed down in 1984，after only three years.Farmers 14______

　　the new technology and long-term backers were hard to 15______.But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce，and refinements in infrared scanning，Paley hopes to16______ into operation.Agriculture experts have no doubt about the technology works.“This technique can be 17______ to 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States，”says George Oerther of Texas A&M.Ray Jackson，who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture，thinks 18______ infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade.But 19______ Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to 20______ 10 years ago.

　　The data were 11______ into a color-coded map showing

　　Atransmitted

　　Btransferred

　　Ctransformed

　　Dtransported

　　參考答案：C

　　[單選題]Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems. It___1___in young adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and then___2___starts to slowly decline as we age. But___3___aging is inevitable. scientists are finding that certain changes in brain function may not be.

　　One study found that muscle loss and the___4___of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. This suggests the___5___that lifestyle factors might help prevent or___6___this type of decline.

　　The researchers looked at data that___7___measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and___8___that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. They found that middle-aged people___9___higher measures of abdominal fat___10___worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years___11___.

　　For women, the association may be___12___to changes in immunity that resulted from excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be___13___. It is hoped that future studies could___14___these differences and perhaps lead to different for men and women.

　　___16___, there are steps you can___17___to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental___18___. The two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your___19___of aerobic exercise and following a Mediterranean-style___20___that is high in fiber and eliminates highly processed foods.

　　8應選()。

　　Adevoted

　　Bcompared

　　Cconverted

　　Dapplied

　　參考答案：B

　　[單選題]

　　When people grow old，they become quite different from the young on thoughts.It is often observed that the aged spend much time thinking and talking about their past lives，1______ about the future.These reminiscences are not simply random or trivial memories，2______ is their purpose merely to make conversation.The old person’s recollections of the past help to 3______ an identity that is becoming increasingly fragile ：4______ any role that brings respect or any goal that might provide 5______ to the future，the individual mentions their past as a reminder to listeners，that here was a life 6______ everyone to have a good living.7______，the memories form part of a continuing life 8______，in which the old person 9______ the events and experiences of the years gone by and 10______ on the overall meaning of his or her own almost completed life.

　　As the life cycle 11______ to its close，the aged must also learn to accept the reality of their own impending ( 即將發(fā)生的) death.Yet this task is made 12______ by the fact that death is almost a 13______ subject in the United States.The mere discussion of death is often regarded as 14______.As adults many of us find the topic frightening and are 15______ to think about it-and certainly not to talk about it in the 16______ of someone who is dying.Death has achieved this taboo 17______only in the modem industrial societies.There seems to be an important reason for our reluctance to 18______ the idea of death.It is the very fact that death remains 19______ our control;it is almost the only one of the natural 20______ that is so.

　　the memories form part of a continuing life 8______

　　Aprospect

　　Bimpetus

　　Cimpression

　　Dreview

　　參考答案：D

　　[單選題]

　　On April 20，2000，in Accra，the capital of Ghana，the leaders of six West African countries declared their intention to proceed to monetary union among the non-CFA franc countries of the region by January 2003，as the first step toward a wider monetary union including all the ECOWAS countries in 2004.The six countries 1______ themselves to 2______ central bank financing of budget deficits to 10 percent of the previous years government 3______;reducing budget deficits to 4 percent of the second phase by 2003，and attacking the budget deficit and other economic problems;creating a Convergence Council to help 4______ macroeconomic policies，which must be the foundation of a stable financial system;and 5______ up a common central bank，with the purpose of actively supporting the expansion of domestic demand.Their declaration 6______ that ：“The experiences of any particular country are even less applicable to a monetary union.Member States 7______ the need for8______ political commitment and undertake to 9______ all such national policies as would 10______ the regional monetary integration process.”

　　The 11______ a monetary union in ECOWAS has long been an objective of the organization，going back to its formation in 1975，and is intended to 12______ broader integration process that would include enhanced regional trade and 13______ institutions.In the colonial period，currency boards 14______ sets of countries in the region.On independence，15______，these currency boards were dissolved，with the 16______ of the CFA franc zone，which included the francophone countries of the region. 17______ there have been attempts to advance the agenda of ECOWAS monetary cooperation，political problems and other economic priorities in several of the region's countries have to 18______ inhibited progress.Although some problems remain，the recent initiative has been bolstered by the election in 1999 of a democratic government and a leader who is committed to regional 19______ in Nigeria，the largest economy of the region，raising hopes that the long-delayed project can be 20______.

　　13______ institutions.

　　Aseparate

　　Bcommon

　　Cseveral

　　Dpublic

　　參考答案：B

　　[問答題]The universities are schools of education， and schools of research. (46) But the primary reason for their existence is not to be found either in the mere knowledge conveyed to the students or in the mere opportunities for research offered to the members of the faculty. Both these functions could be performed at a cheaper rate， apart from these very expensive institutions. Books are cheap， and the system of apprenticeship is well understood. So far as the mere imparting of information is concerned， no university has had any justification for existence since the popularisation of printing in the fifteenth century.

　　(47) The justification for a university is that it preserves the connection between knowledge and the enthusiasm of life， by uniting the young and the old in the imaginative consideration of learning. The university imparts information， but it imparts it imaginatively. This atmosphere of excitement， arising from imaginative consideration， transforms knowledge. A fact is no longer a bare fact： it is invested with all its possibilities. Imagination is not to be divorced from the facts： it is a way of illuminating the facts. (48) It works by drawing out the general principles which apply to the facts， and then by an intellectual survey of alternative possibilities which are consistent with those principles. It enables men to construct an intellectual vision of a new world， and it preserves the enthusiasm of life by the suggestion of satisfying purposes.

　　Youth is imaginative， and if the imagination is strengthened by discipline， this energy of imagination can in great measure be preserved through life. The initial discipline of imagination in its period of youthful vigour requires that there be no responsibility for immediate action. (49) The habit of unbiased thought， by means of which the ideal variety of examples is discerned in its derivation from general principles， cannot be acquired when there is the daily task of maintaining a concrete organisation. You must be free to think rightly and wrongly， and free to appreciate the variousness of the universe undisturbed by its perils.

　　The universities have trained the intellectual pioneers of our civilization—the priests， the lawyers， the statesmen，the doctors， the men of science， and the men of letters. They have been the home of ideals which lead men to confront the confusion of their present times. (50) The way in which a university should function in the preparation for an intellectual career， is by promoting the imaginative consideration of the various general principles underlying that career. Hence， instead of a tedious task issuing in a blind rule of thumb， the properly trained man has some hope of obtaining an imagination disciplined by detailed facts and by necessary habits. Thus，the proper function of a university is the imaginative acquisition of knowledge. A university is imaginative or it is nothing—at least nothing useful.

　　參考答案：

　　46

　　但是大學存在的主要理由既不體現(xiàn)于單純向?qū)W生傳授知識，也不體現(xiàn)于單純向教員提供研究機會。

　　【解析】①本句主干為 But the primary reason...is not to be found either in A or in B，其中，not...either...or... 直接譯為“既不……也不……”;to be found in字面義是“在……中被找到”，由于其后內(nèi)容較長，且漢語多使用主動態(tài)表達，故翻譯時調(diào)整為“體現(xiàn)于”。②convey意為“傳遞;傳送”，翻譯時根據(jù)其邏輯賓語knowledge可調(diào)整為“傳授/傳播”;faculty常見義為“天賦;技能”“高校院系”“高校全體教師”，此處根據(jù)語境及其與students的呼應可知，它指向的是“教師”，故members of the faculty譯為“教員”。③mere“僅僅的”在翻譯時一般處理成狀語“單純;僅僅;只”，因此名詞短語the mere knowledge conveyed... /the mere opportunities for research offered...在翻譯時需要轉(zhuǎn)化為動賓短語“單純傳授知識/單純提供研究機會”。

　　47.

　　大學存在的理由在于，它將青年人和老年人在充滿想象力的學術(shù)思索中聯(lián)合起來，維持了知識與生活熱情之間的聯(lián)結(jié)。

　　【解析】①that引導的表語從句中，方式狀語by...在翻譯時應提前，使譯文呈現(xiàn)“做法—效果”的邏輯;而這樣一來，“通過”的語義在譯文整體結(jié)構(gòu)“它……聯(lián)合……維護了……”中已經(jīng)體現(xiàn)出來，所以by 本身可以直接省譯。②consideration意為“考慮，深思”，learning此處指高等院校中的“學術(shù)”而非簡單的“學習”，因此the...consideration of learning譯為“學術(shù)思索/思考”。

　　48.

　　它是這樣起作用的：提煉出適用于事實的普遍原則，然后對符合這些原則的其他可能性展開智力上的全面考察。

　　【解析】①整句結(jié)構(gòu)為It works by A and then by B，由于方式狀語過長，所以翻譯時在主句“它是這樣起作用的”之后用冒號隔開，引出作用方式(work意為“奏效;產(chǎn)生預期的結(jié)果”)。②定語從句which apply to the facts 與 which are consistent with those principles 長度較短，所以直接譯為定語“適用于事實的”“符合這些原則的”。③draw out字面義為“引出”，根據(jù)其賓語the general principles調(diào)整為“提煉”;alternative意為“供選擇的”，這里修飾possibilities，指“除了用于推導出普遍原則之外的、同樣符合這些原則的事實”，直接譯為“其他”即可;survey在本語境下指“對各種可能性進行全面研究”，故譯為 “全面考察”。

　　49.

　　如果每天都有維持具體組織的任務，那么公正思維的習慣就不可能養(yǎng)成，而正是依靠這種習慣，從普遍原則衍生出的、理想的豐富例證才能得到辨認。

　　【解析】①本句結(jié)構(gòu)有一定理解難度，整體可分為三塊：主句The habit...cannot be acquired、定語從句by means of which... principles和時間狀語從句when...organisation;主句斷定“習慣無法養(yǎng)成”，定語從句介紹“習慣的作用”，時間狀語從句則明確“何種情況下習慣無法養(yǎng)成”，因此翻譯時應按“時間狀語從句→主句→定語從句”的順序譯出。②時間狀語從句中，there be句型直譯為“有……每日任務 (the daily task)”，為使句子通順，可將定語daily轉(zhuǎn)化為狀語，使時間狀語從句整體呈現(xiàn)為“如果每天都有……任務”。③定語從句中，主語the...variety of examples指向“例證多樣性”，its derivation from general principles補充指出“例證多樣性從何衍生而出”(即第48題所說“其他同樣符合普遍原則的/自普遍原則衍生出的可能性”)，翻譯時大可將這兩部分相結(jié)合，并將中心詞轉(zhuǎn)為“例證”，繼而補充修飾語“從普遍原則衍生出的(derivation from...)”“理想的(ideal)”“豐富(variety)”。

　　50.

　　大學為腦力勞動職業(yè)所起到的準備作用應該是促進對奠定這些職業(yè)基礎的各種普遍原則進行富有想象力的思索。

　　【解析】①本句主語部分為The way后接一個in which引導的定語從句，而in the preparation for...則指明大學“起作用”的場景，整體可譯為“大學在為腦力勞動職業(yè)做準備時，所起到的作用方式應該(是)”;可進一步調(diào)整并得到“大學為腦力勞動職業(yè)所起到的準備作用應該(是)”。②underlie(原文為現(xiàn)在分詞underlying)意為“構(gòu)成……的基礎”，因此將后置定語underlying that career整體譯為“奠定職業(yè)基礎的”并提前。③原文的an intellectual career與that career在數(shù)量方面保持一致，翻譯時也需貫徹這一原則，故將后者處理成“這些職業(yè)”。

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