2022年考研英語基礎練習及答案（五）

來源：華課網校 [2021年1月3日] 【大中小】

　　Geography is the study of the relationship between people and the land. Geographers compare and contrast 1 places on earth. But they also 2 beyond the individual places and consider the earth as a 3 . The word Geography 4 from two Greek words, ge, the Greek word for “earth” and graphein, 5 means “ to write”. The English word geography means “to describe the earth”. 6 geography books 7 on a small area like a town or city. Other deal with a state, a region, a nation, or an 8 continent. Many geography books deal with the whole earth. Another 9 to divide the study of 10 is to distinguish between physical geography and 11 geography. The former focus on the natural world; the 12 starts with human beings and studies 13 human being and their environment act 14 each other. 15 when geography is considered as a single subject, 16 branch can neglect the other.

　　A geographer might be described 17 one who observes, records, and explains the 18 between places. If places were alike, there would be little need for geographer.

　　We know, 19 ,that no two places are exactly the same. Geography, 20 ,is a point of view, a special way of looking at places.

　　1. A. similar B. distant C. various D. famous

　　2. A. pass B. go C. reach D. get

　　3. A. whole B. until C. part D. total

　　4. A. falls B. results C. removes D. comes

　　5. A. what B. which C. that D. it

　　6. A. Some B. Most C. Many D. Few

　　7. A. rely B. rest C. reckon D. focus

　　8. A. extensive B. overall C. entire D. enormous

　　9. A. way B. means C. habit D. technique

　　10. A. world B. earth C. geography D. globe

　　11. A. mental B. military C. economic D. cultural

　　12. A. second B. next C. later D. latter

　　13. A. when B. what C. where D. how

　　14. A. upon B. as C. for D. to

　　15. A. And B. But C. Therefore D. For

　　16. A. neither B. one C. either D. each

　　17. A. for B. as C. to D. by

　　18. A. exceptions B. sameness C. difference D. divisions

　　19. A. moreover B. meanwhile C. however D. or else

　　20. A. still B. then C. nevertheless D. moreover

　　參考答案：

　　1. 【答案】 C. various

　　【解析】本題測試詞義搭配. various 各種各樣的，不同的。句子的意思是“地理學家比較和對比地球上各種不同的地域”�？梢姡瑂imilar, famous, distant 均不符合題意

　　2. 【答案】B. go

　　【解析】本題測試慣用搭配.go beyond(= exceed) 超越，超過。

　　3. 【答案】A. whole

　　【解析】本題測試詞義搭配. as a whole 作為整體，常跟在名詞后面，如：We must examine these problems as a whole.

　　本句譯為：但是地理學家不但研究各個領域，而且也把地球作為整體來考慮。

　　4. 【答案】D. comes

　　【解析】本題測試結構型詞義搭配. come from 來自，來源于，正合題意。fall from 從…….落下;result from 由…… 產生，因……而造成：1)Sickness often results from eating too much. 2) Nothing has result from my efforts.

　　remove…from… 把……從…...去掉;撤職：1)It is difficult to remove the stain from the clothes. 2) They removed him from his position. 3) The corrupt official was removed from office. 由此可見 falls, results 與removes 均不符合題意。

　　5. 【答案】B. which

　　【解析】本題測試結構搭配. which 引導非限定性定語從句，修飾graphein.

　　6. 【答案】A. Some

　　注釋：本題測試邏輯搭配.做cloze 試題的時，考生必須從語篇的角度去選擇適當?shù)脑~語，是文章在邏輯意思和結構上完整統(tǒng)一。本題與下句聯(lián)系密切，下句中有Others,故本題應選Some,從而構成句型：Some…. Others…...。

　　7. 【答案】D. focus.

　　【解析】本題測試結構型詞義搭配. 所列的四個候選動詞后都可以接介詞on，但詞義不同。rely on 依靠。rest on 著落：Science rests on facts. (科學以事實為依據(jù)。)

　　reckon on 指望，依靠：We hope that we can reckon on your support.

　　focus on 集中討論研究：These meetings focus on the strategies for the future. (這些會議集中研究未來戰(zhàn)略。) focus 也可用作及物動詞，意為“把…..集中在…..上”，例如：The students can focus their attention on the meaning of each sentence.可見，本題應選 D. focus

　　8. 【答案】C. entire

　　【解析】本題測試邏輯型詞義搭配.上下文的意思是：有些地理書主要研究城鎮(zhèn)這樣的小地區(qū)，而另一些地理書則研究州，區(qū)域，國家或整個大洲�？梢姡@里談話的中心是地理書研究的地區(qū)的大小和范圍，故應選，C. entire。extensive 廣大的，廣闊的; overall 全面的，總和的; enormous 巨大的，龐大的均不切題。

　　9. 【答案】A. way

　　10. 【答案】C. geography

　　【解析】本題測試詞義與邏輯搭配. exercise 3 的9 和10在同一句子中，句意是：還有一種劃分地理學研究范圍的方法是把地理學分為自然地理學和人文地理學。從句意上看，第9句應選 way。means 手段，工具，方法(=sth. that helps a person to get what he or she wants),例如：You may use every means you can think of. (你可以使用你想到的各種方法) habit (個人的)習慣;technique 技能，技巧。第10句從上下文邏輯意思上看，只能選 C. geography.

　　11. 【答案】D. cultural

　　【解析】本題測試詞義搭配.從上題譯文可見解題思路。

　　12. 【答案】D. latter

　　【解析】本題測試詞義型邏輯搭配.注意句型：the former….., the latter(前者….，后者….)

　　13. 【答案】D. how

　　【解析】本題測試邏輯搭配.

　　本句譯文：前者研究自然界，而后者從人類開始，研究人類和其周圍環(huán)境是如何相互影響的。

　　14. 【答案】A. upon

　　【解析】本題測試結構搭配. act on(= have an effect on) 對…..有影響，對….起作用：This acid acts on metals. (這種酸對金屬起作用。)

　　15. 【答案】B. But

　　【解析】本題測試邏輯搭配. 從上下文邏輯來看，此句表示語氣轉折，故應選 B. But。

　　16. 【答案】A. neither