It was a ruling that had consumers seething with anger and many a free trader crying foul. On November 20th the European Court of Justice decided that Tesco， a British supermarket chain， should not be allowed to import jeans made by America s Levi Strauss from outside the European Union and sell them at cut-rate prices without getting permission first from the jeans maker. Ironically， the ruling is based on an EU trademark directive that was designed to protect local， not American， manufacturers from price dumping. The idea is that any brand-owning firm should be allowed to position its goods and segment its markets as it sees fit： Levi s jeans， just like Gucci handbags， must be allowed to be expensive. 　　Levi Strauss persuaded the court that， by selling its jeans cheaply alongside soap powder and bananas， Tesco was destroying the image and so the value of its brands——which could only lead to less innovation and， in the long run， would reduce consumer choice. Consumer groups and Tesco say that Levi s case is specious. The supermarket argues that it was just arbitraging the price differential between Levi s jeans sold in America and Europe——a service performed a million times a day in financial markets， and one that has led to real benefits for consumers. Tesco has been selling some 15，000 pairs of Levi s jeans a week， for about half the price they command in specialist stores approved by Levi Strauss. Christine Cross， Tesco s head of global non-food sourcing， says the ruling risks “creating a Fortress Europe with a vengeance”。 　　The debate will rage on， and has implications well beyond casual clothes 。 The question at its heart is not whether brands need to control how they are sold to protect their image， but whether it is the job of the courts to help them do this. Gucci， an Italian clothes label whose image was being destroyed by loose licensing and over-exposure in discount stores， saved itself not by resorting to the courts but by ending contracts with third-party suppliers， controlling its distribution better and opening its own stores. It is now hard to find cut-price Gucci anywhere. 　　Brand experts argue that Levi Strauss， which has been losing market share to hipper rivals such as Diesel， is no longer strong enough to command premium prices. Left to market forces， so-so brands such as Levi s might well fade away and be replaced by fresher labels. With the courts protecting its prices， Levi Strauss may hang on for longer. But no court can help to make it a great brand again. 　　1. Which of the following is not true according to Paragraph 1? 　　[A]Consumers and free traders were very angry. 　　[B]Only the Levi‘s maker can decide the prices of the jeans. 　　[C] The ruling has protected Levi‘s from price dumping. 　　[D] Levi‘s jeans should be sold at a high price . 　　2. Gucci‘s success shows that _______. 　　[A]Gucci has successfully saved its own image. 　　[B] It has changed its fate with its own effort. 　　[C]Opening its own stores is the key to success. 　　[D] It should be the court‘s duty to save its image. 　　3. The word “specious” in the context probably means _______. 　　[A]responsible for oneself 　　[B] having too many doubts 　　[C] not as it seems to be 　　[D]raising misunderstanding 　　4. According to the passage， the doomed fate of Levi‘s is caused by such factors except that ________. 　　[A]the rivals are competitive 　　[B]it fails to command premium prices 　　[C]market forces have their own rules 　　[D]the court fails to give some help 　　5. The author‘s attitude towards Levi’s prospect seems to be _______. 　　[A] biased 　　[B] indifferent 　　[C] puzzling 　　[D] objective 　　答案：BBCDD

　　二.

　　In general，our society is becoming one of the giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small we1l-oiled cog in the machinery.The oiling is done with higher wages，well-ventilated factories and piped music，and by psychologists and“human relations”experts;yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless，that he is bored with it.In fact，the blue-collar and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management. 　　The worker and employee are anxious not only because they might find themselves out of a job，they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction of interest in life.They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings. 　　Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious.Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates.They are even more insecure in some respects.They are in a highly competitive race.To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect.When they apply for their first job，they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence.From that moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists，for whom testing is a big business，and by their superiors，who judge their behavior，sociability，capacity to get along，etc.This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one‘s fellow competitor creates constant anxiety and stress，the very causes of unhappiness and illness. 　　Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth century“free enterprise”capitalism? Certainly not.Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown.I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities—those of all love and of reason—are the aims of social arrangements.Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end，and should be prevented from ruling man. 　　1.By“a well-oiled cog in the machinery”the author intends to render the idea that man is____. 　　[A] a necessary part of the society though each individual‘s function is negligible 　　[B] an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society，though functioning smoothly 　　[C] working in complete harmony with the rest of the society 　　[D] a humble component of the society，especially when working smoothly 　　2.The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that____. 　　[A] they are deprived of their individuality and independence 　　[B] they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life 　　[C] they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence 　　[D] they are likely to lose their jobs 　　3.From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those____. 　　[A]who are at the bottom of the society 　　[B]who are higher up in their social status 　　[C]who could keep far away from this competitive world 　　[D]who prove better than their fellow competitors 　　4.To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should____. 　　[A] resort to the production mode of our ancestors 　　[B] offer higher wages to the workers and employees 　　[C] enable man to fully develop his potentialities 　　[D] take the fundamental realities for granted 　　5.The author s attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of____. 　　[A]approval [B]tolerance 　　[C]suspicion [D]dissatisfaction

　　核心詞匯 　　ventilate Vt使通風(fēng) bore v.使厭煩 puppet，n.傀儡 tunen.曲調(diào)，調(diào)子 　　acquire vt獲得，學(xué)到 existence n.存在 mode n.方式，模式 　　難句點(diǎn)津 　　1.In general，our society is becoming one of the giant enterprises directed bv a bureaucratic lmanagement in which man becomes a small well—oiled cog in the machinery. [點(diǎn)津]句子的主干是Our societyisbecoming oneofthe giant enterprises，directedby之后的內(nèi)容是修飾enterprises的定語，which引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句修飾 enterprises 　　2.From that moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists，for whom testing is a big business，and by their superiors，who judge their behavior，sociability，capacity to get along.etc. ‘ 　　[點(diǎn)津]句子的主干是They are tested by the psychologists and by their superiors，其中psychologists 和superiors都帶有自己的定語從句。

　　總的來說，我們的社會(huì)變成了一個(gè)官僚化管理的大型企業(yè)，其中的所有人都成了這臺(tái)機(jī)器中潤滑良好的小齒輪。高工資、通風(fēng)良好的廠房和有線廣播的音樂用于潤滑，心理學(xué)家和“人際關(guān)系”專家也用于潤滑。然而所有這些潤滑油都沒能改變這一事實(shí)，即人類已經(jīng)變得無能為力并厭倦了“潤滑油”。實(shí)際上，藍(lán)領(lǐng)和白領(lǐng)階層都變成了經(jīng)濟(jì)傀儡，隨著自動(dòng)化機(jī)器和官僚化管理的步調(diào)而起舞。 　　工人和雇員的焦慮不僅是由于他們可能會(huì)失業(yè)，還由于他們無法獲得生活的真正樂趣。終其一生，他們從未作為情感和理智上獨(dú)立的、富有創(chuàng)造性的人來面對(duì)生存的本質(zhì)。那些處于社會(huì)高層的人同樣焦慮，他們的生活和那些社會(huì)地位低于他們的人同樣空洞，甚至在某些方面更缺乏安全感。他們處在異常激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中。得到晉升還是落后于人，不是薪水的問題，更多的是自尊的問題。他們?cè)谏暾?qǐng)第一份工作時(shí)，就接受了智商測(cè)試，以及對(duì)是否兼有適當(dāng)?shù)姆�從和�?dú)立的素質(zhì)所進(jìn)行的考查。從那以后，他們不斷地被心理學(xué)家測(cè)試，對(duì)那些心理學(xué)家來說測(cè)試是一筆大生意;他們還不斷接受上司的測(cè)試，以評(píng)判他們的行為、社交能力、與人相處的能力等。他們需要不斷地證明自己和同事一樣優(yōu)秀，或比同事更優(yōu)秀，這造成了持久的憂慮和壓力，而憂慮和壓力是苦惱和疾病的根源。 ‘ 　　我是在建議我們應(yīng)該回到前工業(yè)社會(huì)的生產(chǎn)模式或19世紀(jì)“自由企業(yè)”的資本主義嗎?當(dāng)然不是。回到逝去的時(shí)代永遠(yuǎn)不能解決問題。我建議將社會(huì)體系由官僚化管理的工業(yè)制度轉(zhuǎn)換到人道主義的工業(yè)制度，前者以最大化的生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)為最終目的，而后者的社會(huì)目的則是人及其潛能的全面發(fā)展。生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)只是實(shí)現(xiàn)該目的的手段，而不能讓它們統(tǒng)治人類。 　　答案解析 　　1.B 推斷題。文章第一段指出，人成了社會(huì)大機(jī)器中微小的、潤滑良好的齒輪，高工資和通風(fēng)良好的廠房便是潤滑油，但事實(shí)上人是無能為力的，藍(lán)領(lǐng)工人和白領(lǐng)階層都是毫無自主權(quán)的經(jīng)濟(jì)傀儡。由此推斷，雖然工作生活條件不錯(cuò)，但人在社會(huì)中卻是無足輕重的，故選B. 　　2.A 推斷題。文章第二段點(diǎn)明了工人和雇員憂慮的原因，分析上下文可知，其真正原因是情感與理智上獨(dú)立的、富有創(chuàng)造性的個(gè)人生存狀態(tài)被忽視，故選A.選項(xiàng)B、D只是部分原因，不全面;C項(xiàng)與文章內(nèi)容相悖。 　　3.C 推斷題。由文章可知，社會(huì)底層者、社會(huì)上層者和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中的勝利者都無法脫離充滿競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的生存環(huán)境，因而都生活在各種各樣的憂慮與壓力之中，所以都無幸�？裳裕�只有遠(yuǎn)離這個(gè)充滿競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的社會(huì)的人才可能獲得幸福，故選C. 　　4.C 推斷題。文章最后一段給出了解決現(xiàn)有社會(huì)問題的建議，即改革現(xiàn)有的工業(yè)制度，在新的工業(yè)制度中，人及其自身潛能的全面發(fā)展將是社會(huì)的目標(biāo)，故選C.A項(xiàng)是作者在最后一段中表明不同意的觀點(diǎn)，應(yīng)排除;B項(xiàng)是維持工業(yè)制度正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的手段之一，而不是解決社會(huì)問題的建議，應(yīng)排除;D項(xiàng)與原文不符，也應(yīng)排除。 　　5.D 態(tài)度題。文章最后一段提到，作者建議將社會(huì)體系由官僚政治管理的工業(yè)制度過渡到人道主義的工業(yè)制度，由此可知，作者對(duì)現(xiàn)有工業(yè)制度的態(tài)度是不滿的，故選D.A、B、C都與原文不符。