動詞歷來都是各種英語考試考察的重中之重,圍繞動詞考察的考點相當(dāng)多,比如動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài),非謂語動詞,虛擬語氣等知識點。要想解決這類動詞的試題,首要的任務(wù)是明確英語中的動詞種類以及各種動詞的用法。英語的動詞主要分為四類:實義動詞、助動詞、系動詞及情態(tài)動詞。
一、系動詞
(一)系動詞的分類
一是(be)
五覺(feel, smell, sound, taste,look)
三保持(keep, remain, stay)
看起來像兩個(seem, appear)
變成了五個(become, grow, turn, get, go)
結(jié)果卻只有兩個(prove, turn out)
系動詞的考點:1.意思相近的系動詞與實義動詞的辨析;系動詞+表語(n/adj);2.系動詞無被動語態(tài)無進行時。
【例】1. The hot weather will last for 3 days.
The weather will stay hot for 3days.(stay后必須跟形容詞做表語)
2. The food _____ very delicious.
A. taste B. is tasting C. tasted D. is tasted
【解析】taste為系動詞,無被動態(tài)和進行時,因此選擇C。
二、實義動詞
(一)分類:vt(及物動詞)、vi(不及物動詞)
Vt.+賓語 The man visited his school.(visit為及物動詞)
Vi. The sun rises. (rise為不及物動詞)
(二)實義動詞的考察主要還是考察近義的動詞和動詞詞組的辨析以及動詞的短語搭配
【例】1.I can ________ the house being untidy, but I hate it if it’s not clean.
A.come up with B.put up with C.turn to D.stick to
解析:本題主要考察動詞短語辨析,根據(jù)句意,選擇B。
2.Mary, I ________John of his promise to help you.
A.told B.reminded C.warned D.advised
解析:根據(jù)句意及動詞短語搭配,選擇B。
三、情態(tài)動詞
情態(tài)動詞的基本用法和情態(tài)動詞表示推測的用法之間的比較是常考點,同時也是一個易錯點。同時情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣之間的區(qū)別也是學(xué)生的易錯點之一。下面將情態(tài)動詞的易錯點分析如下:
1.must的肯定與否定形式
You must(必須)finish your homework in the evening.
You mustn’t(不準(zhǔn))come in if I don’t ask you.
He must be our English teacher. (表示推測,一定是.....)
He can’t be our English teacher. (表示推測,一定不是.....)
【注意】表示推測時,must的否定形式是can’t。
2.must與may表示推測時的比較
He must be our English teacher. Because I saw him yesterday.
當(dāng)句子中出現(xiàn)because或I’m sure時,用must be
I’m not sure he may be in the classroom.
當(dāng)句子中出現(xiàn)not sure或afraid時,用may be
3.You ________ with me when you travelled in the USA, but you live in the hotel.
A.must have lived B. could have lived C. mustn’t have lived D. should have lived
解析:must have done, can’t have done, couldn’t have done, may have done 表示對過去情況的虛擬;should have done, shouldn’t have done, could have done, needn’t have done 表示虛擬。根據(jù)句意:你本來可以跟我一起住的,但是你卻住酒店了?梢缘玫秸_答案是B。
4.He doesn’t studied hard. He _____ have passed the exam.
A. may B. should C. must D. can
解析:should的特殊用法,表示“竟然”。因此選B。
5.The money _____be divided into five parts according to the agreement, the judge said.
A. must B. shall C. should D. may
解析:shall 用于第二,第三人稱,表示警告、命令、威脅與允諾。因此選擇B。