文章題目 The history of Russian Ballet

　　重復年份 20160114 20150418 20121124

　　題材 發(fā)展史

　　題型 判斷 6+填空 7

　　芭蕾舞發(fā)源于意大利，從 17 世紀后傳入俄國后一直欣欣向榮。出了很多優(yōu)秀的藝術家和作品，外國舞派也對俄國芭蕾舞發(fā)展有著影響。后期以戲劇味發(fā)展主流，一直講到本世紀 70 年代的發(fā)展。

　　參考閱讀： Until 1689, ballet in Russia was nonexistent. The Tsarist control and isolationism in Russia allowed for little influence from the West. It wasn't until the rise of Peter the Great that Russian society opened up to the West. St. Petersburg was erected to embrace the West and compete against Moscow’s isolationism. Peter the Great created a new Russia which rivaled the society of the West with magnificent courts and palaces. His vision was to challenge the west. Classical ballet entered the realm of Russia not as entertainment, but as a “standard of physical comportment to be emulated and internalized-an idealized way of behaving. The aim was not to entertain the masses of Russians, but to create a cultivated and new Russian people.

　　Empress Anna, (1730 – 1740) was devoted to ostentatious amusements (balls, fireworks, tableaux), and in the summer of 1734 ordered the appointment of JeanBaptiste Landé as dancing-master in the military academy she had founded in 1731 for sons of the nobility. In 1738, he became ballet master and head of the new ballet school, launching the advanced study of ballet in Russia, and winning the patronage of elite families

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　　文章題目 The importance of being playful

　　重復年份 20150129 20140426 20130110

　　題材 人文社科

　　題型 段落信息配對 6+填空 3+人名觀點配對 3

　　自由游戲。開篇講 free play 的 general idea。然后講了小孩 free play 的好處，之后由相關的動物實驗以及 4 個從動物實驗中得出的理論和觀點。

　　文章題目 The tuatara-past and future

　　重復年份 20151024 20141018 20120331

　　題材 動物

　　題型 判斷 4+填空 5+選擇 4

　　新西蘭蜥蜴生活習性的地特性，數(shù)量不斷減少。減少的原因和采取的措施，但效果未知。新西蘭一個機構正致力于保護，并且越來越多的人加入棲息地進行保護。通過歷史的發(fā)現(xiàn)以及各個科學家的研究，說明誰最先到島上生存，最后說將來給后代留下的不僅僅是動物。

　　參考閱讀： Tuatara are reptiles endemic to New Zealand. Although resembling most lizards, they are part of a distinct lineage, the order Rhynchocephalia. Their name derives from the Māori language, and means "peaks on the back" The single species of tuatara is the only surviving member of its order, which flourished around 200 million years ago. Their most recent common ancestor with any other extant group is with the squamates (lizards and snakes). For this reason, tuatara are of great interest in the study of the evolution of lizards and snakes, and for the reconstruction of the appearance and habits of the earliest diapsids, a group of amniote tetrapods that also includes dinosaurs, birds, and crocodilians

　　Tuatara are greenish brown and grey, and measure up to 80 cm (31 in) from head to tail-tip and weigh up to 1.3 kg (2.9 lb) with a spiny crest along the back,especially pronounced in males. Their dentition, in which two rows of teeth in the upper jaw overlap one row on the lower jaw, is unique among living species. They are even more unusual in having a pronounced photoreceptive eye, the "third eye", which is thought to be involved in setting circadian and seasonal cycles. They are able to hear, although no external ear is present, and have a number of unique features in their skeleton, some of them apparently evolutionarily retained from fish. Although tuatara are sometimes called "living fossils", recent anatomical work has shown that they have changed significantly since the Mesozoic era. While mapping its genome, researchers have discovered that the species has between five and six billion base pairs of DNA sequence.

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　　文章題目 Voynich manuscript

　　重復年份 20120519 20090627

　　題材 考古

　　題型 判斷+人名配對+填空+選擇

　　文章大意 伏尼契手稿的由來，一本無字天書。關于一本放在耶魯大學圖書館的神秘的書，里面有一堆神秘的符號，整個文章說了很多人對于寫符號的不同看法。

　　參考閱讀： The Voynich manuscript is an illustrated codex hand-written in an unknown writing system. The vellum on which it is written has been carbondated to the early 15th century (1404–1438), and it may have been composed in Northern Italy during the Italian Renaissance.The manuscript is named after Wilfrid Voynich, a Polish book dealer who purchased it in 1912.

　　Some of the pages are missing, with around 240 remaining. The text is written from left to right, and most of the pages have illustrations or diagrams. Some pages are foldable sheets

　　The Voynich manuscript has been studied by many professional and amateur cryptographers, including American and British code breakers from both World War Iand World War II.[19] No one has yet succeeded in deciphering the text, and it has become a famous case in the history of cryptography. The mystery of the meaning and origin of the manuscript has excited the popular imagination, making the manuscript the subject of novels and speculation. None of the many hypotheses proposed over the last hundred years has yet been independently verified.

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　　文章題目 Gesture

　　重復年份 20150711 20120712 20100211 20071020 20070303

　　題材 人文社科

　　題型 小標題 6+段落細節(jié)配對 5+選擇 3

　　文章大意 講了手勢研究。開始用電話鈴聲作比喻說手勢為什么大家都看得懂，后面講到手勢的個體差異，文化差異，包括各國的舉例。

　　參考閱讀： Gestures have been studied throughout the centuries from different perspectivesDuring the Roman Empire, Quintilian studied in his Institution Oratoria how gesture may be used in rhetorical discourse. Another broad study of gesture was published by Englishman John Bulwer in 1644. Bulwer analyzed dozens of gestures and provided a guide on how to use gestures to increase eloquence and clarity for public speaking.] Andrea De Jorio published an extensive account of gestural expression in 1832. A peer reviewed journal Gesturehas been published since 2001 and was founded by Adam Kendon and Cornelia Müller. The International Society for Gesture Studies (ISGS) was founded in 2002