最難十個雅思議論文寫作題難題

　　一、審題難

　　1、 There are social, medical and technical problems associated with the use of mobile phones. What forms do they take? Do you agree that the problems outweigh the benefits of mobile phones?

　　這個題目屬于優(yōu)缺點討論，但很多考生看到第一問就覺得這題目和常規(guī)的討論類分析的題目問題模式有所不同。我們在審題的時候會發(fā)現(xiàn)第二問就是常規(guī)的優(yōu)缺點討論，可以得出用雙邊論證來寫。再回頭看第一問中有個they，指代的是第一句中的social, medical and technical problems， 所以我們必須在論證的時候要回答這個問題，即要寫三個方面的缺點。所以此類問題的應(yīng)對策略為問什么答什么。下面再看一題，也屬于此種類型。

　　2、 The development of technology changes the way people connect with each other. In which way does the development of technology change the types of relationships among people? Does it have positive or negative effects on the relationships?

　　上題第二問也是優(yōu)缺點討論，而第一問問科技的進(jìn)步對人們交往的影響，那我們在論證中也要回答這個問題。可以兩問相結(jié)合，即先回答科技進(jìn)步都交往的影響，如手機(jī)、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等的發(fā)展，然后分別論證其兩者的優(yōu)缺點。下面一題也是屬于這種兩問相結(jié)合的問題模式，這是一個多選題，考生可以雙邊論證，正文分別列舉最重要和最不重要的兩至三門課程進(jìn)行論證。

　　3、 Most countries spend much money on education, as they start to realize the important of education. In your opinion which two subjects are the most important for young people and which one is the least important?

　　Subjects: Literature Sports

　　Mathematics Economy

　　Physics History

　　Music Geography

　　Philosophy Foreign languages

　　二、論證結(jié)構(gòu)難

　　反觀雅思考試的議論文題目，我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)其問題模式無非可以總結(jié)為兩類：討論類和分析解決型。但是仔細(xì)分析的考生會發(fā)現(xiàn)還有一類問題模式并不完全屬于其中的某一類。請看下面的幾個題目：

　　As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an important element of individual well-being. What are the factors that contribute to job satisfaction? How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers?

　　The unlimited use of cars may cause many problems. What are those problems? In order to reduce the problems, should we discourage people from using cars?

　　In many places shopping is becoming a free-time activity, replacing the traditional hobbies of the past. Discuss the reasons for this development. Is this development positive or negative?

　　In the past, people used to travel to see the difference from their home country. However, the sceneries in places around the world seem similar nowadays. What are the causes of these similarities? Do you think that the advantages of this similarity outweigh the disadvantages?

　　上述三個題目都有兩問。第一問是要求討論分析原因和問題, 如factors, problems, reasons。如若是分析解決型，那么很顯然第二問就是要求提出解決方法等�？墒沁@三個題目并非如此發(fā)展，而是問考生是否同意某個觀點或者認(rèn)為此現(xiàn)象是積極或消極的影響，屬于常見的討論類問題模式。所以我們發(fā)現(xiàn)上述三個題目是所謂的分析解決型和討論類的綜合題型。那么這類題目所對應(yīng)的文章結(jié)構(gòu)和單一的討論和分析解決都不一樣。我們遵守一個原則，問什么答什么。正文一段寫原因或問題，一段直接發(fā)表自己的觀點，然后提出一些理由來支持�？蓞⒖枷旅娴慕Y(jié)構(gòu)：

　　Introduction Background + Topic (Problems)

　　Body Causes / Problems

　　Topic Sentence

　　cause one / problem one + supporting sentences

　　cause two / problem two + supporting sentences

　　cause three / problem three + supporting sentences

　　Discussion

　　My Opinion (Topic Sentence)

　　reason one + supporting sentences

　　reason two + supporting sentences

　　reason three + supporting sentences

　　Conclusion Restate my opinion

　　所以上面的第一題參考這個結(jié)構(gòu)就可以得出這樣的提綱：

　　Introduction People spend most of their adult life in their jobs, so job satisfaction is the most essential element for people to be well-being.

　　Body Several factors are thought to be critical to lead to job satisfaction

　　well paid

　　the opportunities to get promoted

　　suited to the job

　　However, it is different to ensure everyone to be satisfied with their jobs.

　　Different people have different definitions about job satisfaction

　　The employers are in the wild chase of higher and quicker profits.

　　Conclusion The employees have to stay positive and find a right job.

　　因此其他的三個題目也可以依照這個結(jié)構(gòu)得出相應(yīng)的提綱。此類題目的難度在于考生見到此類陌生的問題模式，會覺得考前準(zhǔn)備的結(jié)構(gòu)，如模板等無處可用。朗閣海外考試研究中心的專家建議考生要做好各手準(zhǔn)備，雖然此類題目出現(xiàn)機(jī)率很低，但還是在考前也列一個此類模板，以便隨機(jī)應(yīng)變。

　　三、論據(jù)擴(kuò)展難

　　雅思大作文的考察形式是議論文，既是議論文，勢必設(shè)計一些話題。在近幾年的考試中，經(jīng)過朗閣海外考試研究中心的研究分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，雅思議論文最關(guān)注的是教育類的話題，此外科技類，媒體類，文化類，政府類，交通類等都有牽涉。但是面對那么多的話題和題目，能夠做到在幾分鐘之內(nèi)就想出充足合理有說服力的理由是很困難的一個任務(wù)。況且有時考題所出的題目非常偏，考生根本無法想到任何相關(guān)的理由。所以所謂的論據(jù)擴(kuò)展難，就是指考生在面對有些議論文的難題時，毫無頭緒，無法擴(kuò)展出論據(jù)，因為雅思寫作的考題有個特點是題目出的很細(xì)節(jié)，有些具體抽象的話題也涵蓋其中，所以沒有一定的積累的考生在面對這些問題的時候很難找到合理的理由來進(jìn)行支持，繼而使文章內(nèi)容淺顯沒達(dá)到要求而導(dǎo)致拿了低分。

　　下面列舉幾題來熟悉一下此類題目：

　　1. Nowadays, some universities offer students skills that assist them to find employment, but some people believe that the main function of a university should be to provide students with access to knowledge for its sake. What is your opinion?

　　2. In many countries the number of elderly people is increasing fast. Does this trend have more positive or negative effects on the society?

　　3. One long-distance flight consumes fuel which a cars uses in several years’ time, but they cause the same amount of pollution. So some people think that we should discourage non-essential flights, such as tourist travel, rather than to limit the use of cars. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view?

　　上面三個題目難點在于如何擴(kuò)展文章。一般考生拿到此類題目都有些不知所措，不知如何擴(kuò)展正文的論據(jù)，覺得此類話題不熟悉，或者過于理論，沒有支持的理由，比如第一題，通過審題，是關(guān)于大學(xué)傳授知識和大學(xué)傳授找工作的技能的雙邊論證，很多考生認(rèn)為大學(xué)本來就是傳授知識的地方，要找到合理的論據(jù)進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展非常困難。朗閣海外考試研究中心的專家認(rèn)為應(yīng)對此類題目，就是要以具體對付抽象和理論，考生可以列舉一些例子，如通過大學(xué)的知識傳授為將來的就業(yè)、生活的改變以及心理上的成熟等都起了重要的作用，而大學(xué)傳授技能也是由于就業(yè)的嚴(yán)峻形勢所迫。我們可以將提綱列舉如下：

　　It is believed that the basic mission of universities is to conduct research and provide education based on it.

　　First, a good command of basic knowledge lays a solid foundation for other courses.

　　Second, through basic and theoretical courses, students can learn to improve their self-study as well as problem-solving ability.

　　On the other hand, university education should also prepare students for their future employment.

　　As the employment competition is growing fierce, graduates have to learn skills to adjust themselves to the requirement.

　　Moreover, university provides the students with environment where they can deal with some problems that they will meet in their future career.

　　考生面對第二題的時候，同樣也有一個疑問，即人口老齡化對社會的積極影響。沒錯，老年人數(shù)量急劇上升，對社會來說并沒有什么好處，所以這個擴(kuò)展非常困難。但如果我們能夠轉(zhuǎn)變一下思維，這個題目就不見得難了。朗閣海外考試研究中心的專家認(rèn)為，此題可先讓步寫到老年人對社會、家庭等所帶來的好處，如幫忙家務(wù)，社區(qū)志愿者等。然后提出雖然有這些好處，但隨著他們數(shù)量的急劇增加，必定會帶來很多問題，對社會家庭等，如成為政府的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)，政府需撥更多的錢支持養(yǎng)老金，而對家庭也是負(fù)擔(dān)，小輩要花時間和精力還有金錢來全方位照顧老年人。

　　提綱如下：

　　Admittedly, older people often have time to offer for the benefit of family and community.

　　However, population ageing bring about serious economic and social problems for both family and government.

　　通過上面兩題的講解，第三題也可以舉一反三來進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展。在平時上課講解時，朗閣海外考試研究中心的專家建議各位培訓(xùn)師要注重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生brainstorming的能力以及段落擴(kuò)展的方法，通過一些固定的方面來培養(yǎng)考生擴(kuò)展論據(jù)的能力，特別是能通過一些具體的例子、數(shù)據(jù)、比較等論證方法，擴(kuò)展更加容易，效果也更有說服力。

　　在這一系列中，我們列舉了以上三個難點和10個題目，希望大家明確雅思議論文的確是有規(guī)律可循的，但是我們不能忽略一些特殊情況和難點的存在，希望以上所提出的對策能切實幫助到應(yīng)考的學(xué)生。