It was not the change in office technology,but rather the separation of secretarial work,previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers，from administrative work that in the 1880's created a new class of "dead-end" jobs，thenceforth considered "women's work."

　　十九世紀八十年代，產(chǎn)生了新的一類"沒前途"的職業(yè)，這并不是因為辦公室技術(shù)發(fā)生了改變，而是由于秘書工作——在此之前被視作是初起步的經(jīng)理們的一種習見訓練——與行政工作的分離。自此以后，這類"沒前途"的職業(yè)便被視作是"女人的工作。"

　　Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the "social, legal, and economic subordination" of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of "the whole female sex into public industry".

　　FE,卻預(yù)測婦女們將被從家庭的"社會、法律和經(jīng)濟壓迫"中解放出來，只是通過使得征召"整個女性階層進入公共的工業(yè)中去"成為可能的技術(shù)進步的方式做到的。