1. Such variations in size， shape，chemistry， conduction speed， excitation threshold，and the like as had been demonstrated in nerve cells remained negligible in significance for any possible correlation with the manifold dimensions of mental experience. 類(lèi)似于這些已經(jīng)被在神經(jīng)細(xì)胞中證明的在大小、形狀、化學(xué)過(guò)程、產(chǎn)生的速度、興奮閾值及其類(lèi)似的方面上所發(fā)生變化，當(dāng)他們被用來(lái)與大腦的體驗(yàn)以可能的方式聯(lián)系起來(lái)的時(shí)候，他們?cè)谥匾�性上仍然是微不足道的�?/P>

　　2. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types ;however , proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its condition was influenced by these differences , which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits . 有可能通過(guò)其他方法來(lái)證明神經(jīng)元種類(lèi)間的細(xì)微的結(jié)構(gòu)差異;可是，這樣的證據(jù)是缺乏的，即神經(jīng)沖動(dòng)的性質(zhì)或者狀態(tài)是受這些差異所影響的，而這些差異看起來(lái)卻能影響神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)育模式。

　　3. Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved，the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view，namely，that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as "common currency" throughout the nervous system. 盡管在神經(jīng)能量上存在著質(zhì)的不同，這一點(diǎn)從來(lái)都沒(méi)有在嚴(yán)格的意義上被反對(duì)過(guò)，但是以上教條通常被拋棄掉，而轉(zhuǎn)向相反的觀點(diǎn)，即：神經(jīng)沖動(dòng)從根本上本質(zhì)相同，而且被當(dāng)作"一種普通流"在整個(gè)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中傳播。

　　4. Other experiments revealed slight variations in the size，number， arrangement，and interconnection of the nerve cells，but as far as psycho neural correlations were concerned，the obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemed much more remarkable than any of the minute differences. 盡管其他實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示在神經(jīng)細(xì)胞的大小、數(shù)量、排列和相互連接上有一些小的差異，但是就心理-神經(jīng)的關(guān)系而言，這些感官區(qū)域彼此之間的明顯的相似性看起來(lái)比起微小的差異更為令人注目。

　　5. Although some experiments show that，as an object becomes familiar，its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel，the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis,at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar. 雖然某些實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，隨著一個(gè)物體變得熟悉起來(lái)，其內(nèi)心再現(xiàn)圖像亦更具整體感，辨認(rèn)過(guò)程相應(yīng)地更趨于平行，但證據(jù)的砝碼似乎在支持序列假設(shè)(serial hypothesis)，至少是對(duì)于那些不甚簡(jiǎn)單、不甚熟悉的物體來(lái)說(shuō).

　　6. In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement，historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods. 在很大程度上，由于女權(quán)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)(feminist movement)的緣故，史學(xué)家近年來(lái)匯聚了大量的注意力，來(lái)更為準(zhǔn)確地確定婦女在各個(gè)歷史時(shí)期的地位。 Focus A on B;

　　7. If one begins by examining why ancients refer to Amazons , it becomes clear that ancient Greek descriptions of such societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical fact -real Amazonian societies - but rather to offer "moral lessons" on the supposed outcome of women's rule in their own society . 如果我們先研究一下為什么古人會(huì)提到亞馬遜人，下面的一點(diǎn)就變得清晰了，那就是古希臘對(duì)于這種社會(huì)的廟睡不是太多的被用來(lái)表達(dá)觀察的歷史事實(shí)--真正的亞麻遜社會(huì)的--而是為了對(duì)于婦女在其社會(huì)中的統(tǒng)治的預(yù)期后果提供一種"道德教導(dǎo)"。

　　8. Thus，for instance，it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom，but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin，magnetic dipole，and relativistic effects;and that this corrected equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of quantum field-theoretical equations. 因此，舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)家而言，了解到下述情形可能會(huì)令其驚愕不已，即薛定諤(Schrodinger)的氫原子方程式并非是對(duì)該原子作出的一種絕然正確的描述，而僅僅是個(gè)近似值，趨近于一個(gè)在某種程度上更為正確的將自旋、磁性偶極子、以及相對(duì)論效應(yīng)考慮在內(nèi)的方程式;而這個(gè)得以糾正的方程式就其本身而言也只是一個(gè)不完美的近似值，趨近于無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的一整套量子場(chǎng)論方程式。

　　9. The physicist rightly dreads precise argument，since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed，whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions. 物理學(xué)家恐懼于那些精確無(wú)誤的論據(jù)不無(wú)道理，因?yàn)槟撤N只有在它是精確無(wú)誤的條件下才令人置信的論據(jù)，一旦它賴于建立其上的假設(shè)稍有變化，便會(huì)失去它一部的作用;而與此相反，一個(gè)盡管并不精確無(wú)誤但卻令人置信的論據(jù)，在其基本假設(shè)(underlying assumption)稍微受干擾的情況下，仍然有可能是站得住腳的。

　　10. However，as they gained cohesion，the Bluestockings came to regard themselves as a women's group and to possess a sense of female solidarity lacking in the salonnieres，who remained isolated from one another by the primacy each held in her own salon. 起初，藍(lán)襪女們確實(shí)模仿了法國(guó)沙龍女主人，將男性襄括到其小圈子中來(lái)。然則，隨著她們獲得的凝聚力，她們漸趨將自己視作一女性團(tuán)體，并擁有了一種婦女團(tuán)結(jié)意識(shí)，而這種意識(shí)在法國(guó)沙龍女主人身上則蕩然無(wú)存，因?yàn)樗齻兠總�(gè)人在其自己的沙龍中自視甚高而彼此孤立隔絕開(kāi)來(lái)。