2016年雅思閱讀題型一點(diǎn)通(2)

　　cry wolf虛發(fā)警報(bào);慌報(bào)險(xiǎn)情;危言聳聽(tīng)

　　cry wolf來(lái)自《伊索寓言》：《牧童和狼》 (The Shepherdboy and the wolf)

　　有個(gè)牧童在離村子不遠(yuǎn)的山坡上放羊，有一次，他為了開(kāi)心作樂(lè)，突然大喊：“Help!Help!The wolf!”全村的人都聞聲跑來(lái)援助他時(shí)，才知道這只是開(kāi)玩笑。如此惡作劇搞了兩三次。后來(lái)，狼真的來(lái)了，那個(gè)牧童再呼號(hào)求救時(shí)，誰(shuí)也不理會(huì)他了。于是，狼把他的羊吃了。

　　這篇寓言的意義很清楚：愛(ài)說(shuō)謊話(huà)的人，即或在他說(shuō)真話(huà)時(shí)，也沒(méi)人相信他。由此，人們用to cry wolf 來(lái)概括這篇寓言的基本情節(jié)及其教誡意義，用以比喻to give false alarms;to warn of danger where there is none之意。按其比喻意義，這個(gè)成語(yǔ)相當(dāng)與漢語(yǔ)中出自《東周列國(guó)志》的典故：烽火戲諸侯。周幽王為博得寵妃褒泥一笑，竟然把軍國(guó)大事當(dāng)兒戲，烽火報(bào)警戲諸侯，使各路諸侯倉(cāng)促發(fā)兵，馳援京師，結(jié)果收到嘲笑。后來(lái)犬戎進(jìn)犯，幽王再舉烽火調(diào)兵，誰(shuí)也不來(lái)了，結(jié)果周幽王遭到殺身亡國(guó)之禍。這2個(gè)典故的情節(jié)雖不同，寓意卻完全不一致，都是表示“一朝說(shuō)假話(huà)，一世無(wú)人信”

　　eg:Nobody will believe he is in trouble because he has cried wolf so many times.

　　Is she really sick of is she just crying wolf?

　　The newspaper placards that had cried "wolf" so often,cried "wolf" now in vain.

　　Task description

　　You will be provided with two lists. In most cases, one list contains a small number of causes and the other list contains a larger number of effects. The task is to find the effect which arose from (matches) each cause. To complete this task well you will need to understand clearly what the words cause and effect mean.

　　What is being tested is your ability to:

　　understand cause and effect relationships

　　understand gist and paraphrase

　　skim for information

　　How to approach questions which ask you to match causes and effects

　　Step 1: Read the instructions carefully.

　　Step 2: Look at the table and decide which list you should work from. In most cases it would be most efficient to work from the shorter list (usually the causes).

　　Step 3: Read the first cause.

　　Step 4: Briefly familiarise yourself with the effects list. Which effects seem possible at this stage?

　　Step 5: Skim the reading text to find the section which discusses the first cause.

　　Step 6: Read that section of the reading text carefully to find the effect.

　　Step 7: When you have found the effect in the reading passage, refer back to the effects list and aa the one which best paraphrases the information in the reading text. If none of the effects listed seem to match, then keep reading the text, as it is not unusual for causes to have more than one effect.