1. A homeowner can get hurt trying to use the wrong kind of extinguisher on an electrical fire.

　　2. Bolenciecwcz was staring at the floor, trying to think, his huge hands rubbing together, his face red.

　　3. Facing the Atlantic, it is on the northeastern coast of the United States, and most of the city is built on islands.

　　4. He sat in front of them, dressed in a plain, ill-fitting suit, never moving, his dusty face masking his age.

　　5. Freed from TV, forced to find their activities, they might take a ride together to watch the sunset.

　　6. Over 800 full-time thatchers are employed in England and Wales today, maintaining and renewing the old roofs as well as thatching newer houses.

　　7. He had never been to school or university but had studied privately and by the time he was twenty he was a skillful chemist and excellent linguist, speaking Swedish, Russian, German, France, and English.

　　8. The materials used – copper, stainless steel, concrete and glass- give the building a striking beauty.

　　9. After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured just as you chose to look at it.

　　10. But at least they would distinguish the organizations entitled to a continuing voice in the dialogue with the research community about the rights of animals in research from the organizations that deserve no say.

　　11. Registering for classes, becoming familiar with the buildings on campus, buying books, adding and dropping classes, and paying fees are confusing for everyone.

　　12. Spending all their time working to a rigid curriculum, the passing of examinations by their pupils gradually became the whole object of their working life.

　　13. Being very short of money and wanting to do something useful, I applied, fearing as I did so, that without a degree and with no experience in teaching my chances of getting the job were slim.

　　14. They also bring together in one display a group of object drawn from various parts of the museum in an effort to represent the whole life-style of a region or a historical period.

　　15. The problem is how museums can continue to serve as storehouses for treasures while encouraging public to enjoy visiting them.

　　1.

　　A homeowner can get hurt trying to use the wrong kind of extinguisher on an electrical fire.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)

　　全句只有1個謂語動詞：can get。句子主干是：A homeowner can get hurt。trying to use the wrong kind of extinguisher on an electrical fire是一個現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作條件狀語，修飾謂語動詞. Try to do something是一個固定用法，表示“試圖，試著做某事” 。

　　翻譯

　　如果業(yè)主在電氣火災(zāi)中使用了錯誤的滅火器，可能會受傷。

　　2.

　　Bolenciecwcz was staring at the floor, trying to think, his huge hands rubbing together, his face red.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)

　　全句只有1個謂語動詞：was staring。trying to think是一個現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨方式狀語，表示主語Bolenciecwcz在staring的同時還在trying to think。同時，后面的兩個獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)his huge hands rubbing together和his face red也是伴隨方式狀語。

　　翻譯

　　伯倫西維茨盯著地面，試圖思考，他搓著大大的雙手，臉色通紅。

　　3.

　　Facing the Atlantic, it is on the northeastern coast of the United States, and most of the city is built on islands.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)

　　全句有2個謂語動詞：is和is built。整個句子由兩個完整的單句組成。句首的現(xiàn)在分詞短語Facing the Atlantic在句子中作方式狀語。

　　翻譯

　　它面臨大西洋，坐落于美國的東北海岸線，其城市的大部分建設(shè)在島嶼上。

　　4.

　　He sat in front of them, dressed in a plain, ill-fitting suit, never moving, his dusty face masking his age.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)

　　全句只有1個謂語動詞：sat。句子主干是：He sat in front of them。dressed in a plain, ill-fitting suit是過去分詞短語作伴隨狀語，而never moving是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語，表示主語在sat時的伴隨狀態(tài)。同樣，獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)his dusty face masking his age也是伴隨狀語。

　　翻譯

　　他坐在他們前面，穿這一身樸素的不合身的衣服，紋絲不動，滿面的風(fēng)塵遮住了他的實際年齡。

　　5.

　　Freed from TV, forced to find their activities, they might take a ride together to watch the sunset.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)

　　全句只有1個謂語動詞：might take。句子主干為：they might take a ride。Freed from TV和forced to find their activities是兩個過去分詞短語，在句中作條件狀語。

　　翻譯

　　如果不看電視又不得不另找些活動，他們可能會一起騎車去觀日落。

　　6

　　Over 800 full-time thatchers are employed in England and Wales today, maintaining and renewing the old roofs as well as thatching newer houses.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)

　　全句只有1個謂語動詞：are employed。句子主干為：Over 800 full-time thatchers are employed。其中，maintaining，renewing the old roofs 和thatching newer houses是三個并列的現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。As well as 表示并列。

　　翻譯

　　目前有800名全職茅屋匠人在英格蘭和威爾士工作，進行維修，翻新舊屋頂并且還蓋新的茅屋頂。

　　7

　　He had never been to school or university but had studied privately and by the time he was twenty he was a skillful chemist and excellent linguist, speaking Swedish, Russian, German, France, and English.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)

　　全句有4個謂語動詞：had been，had studied，was

　　和was。全句由三個并列的簡單句組成。he was twenty是一個由by the time引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。其中句末的現(xiàn)在分詞短語speaking Swedish, Russian, German, France, and English 作伴隨狀語，對excellent linguist進行解釋說明。

　　翻譯

　　他從來沒有上過中學(xué)或大學(xué)，但是他都是自學(xué)的。到20歲時，他已經(jīng)是一個很熟練的化學(xué)家，一個優(yōu)秀的語言學(xué)家，會說瑞典語，俄語，德語，法語和英語。

　　8.

　　The materials used – copper, stainless steel, concrete and glass- give the building a striking beauty.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)

　　全句只有1個謂語動詞：give。句子主干是：The materials give the building a striking beauty。其中，過去分詞used作為后置定語修飾materials。現(xiàn)在分詞striking作定語修飾beauty。破折號之間的并列的名詞結(jié)構(gòu)是materials的同位語，起補充說明作用。

　　翻譯

　　使用的這些建材——銅，不銹鋼，水泥和玻璃等——給這個建筑物增添了一種奪目的魅力。

　　9.

　　After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured just as you chose to look at it.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)

　　全句有2個謂語動詞：was和chose。句子主干為：eighty was a special birthday。Another decade是birthday的同位語，后面的lived or endured是過去分詞作后置定語修飾decade。最后是as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。

　　翻譯

　　畢竟，八十大壽是一個特殊的生日，是又生活了十年還是忍受了十年全憑你選擇怎么去看待了。

　　10.

　　But at least they would distinguish the organizations entitled to a continuing voice in the dialogue with the research community about the rights of animals in research from the organizations that deserve no say.

　　結(jié)構(gòu) 全句有2個謂語動詞：would distinguish和deserve。句子主干是：they would distinguish the organizations…from the organizations that…。其中，entitled to a continuing voice是過去分詞短語作為后置定語修飾第一個organizations。其后是一個復(fù)雜的介詞短語，其主干是in the dialogue with…about…。that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾第二個organizations。并且，還應(yīng)注意到整句話的主要結(jié)構(gòu)：distinguish…from…。

　　翻譯 但是，至少他們會分辨出哪些組織有資格與研究機構(gòu)繼續(xù)進行對話，就科研活動中的動物的權(quán)力發(fā)表意見，而哪些組織不應(yīng)進行這種對話。

　　11.

　　Registering for classes, becoming familiar with the buildings on campus, buying books, adding and dropping classes, and paying fees are confusing for everyone.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)

　　全句只有1個謂語動詞：are。值得注意的是這一句話的主語是5個并列的動名詞短語： Registering, becoming familiar, buying books, adding and dropping classes, and paying fees。并且，在系動詞are后的confusing是一個現(xiàn)在分詞形式，具有形容詞的性質(zhì)，意為“把人搞亂的，令人糊涂的”。

　　翻譯

　　到班里注冊，熟悉校園內(nèi)的建筑，買書，選課還有交費——這些事把每個人都弄糊涂了。

　　12.

　　Spending all their time working to a rigid curriculum, the passing of examinations by their pupils gradually became the whole object of their working life.

　　結(jié)構(gòu) 全句只有1謂語動詞：became。句子主干為：the passing of examinations became the whole object。句首的現(xiàn)在分詞短語Spending all their time working to a rigid curriculum在句子中作原因狀語。注意the passing of examinations表示通過考試，其中examinations應(yīng)該是passing的賓語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)很常見，如：the hunting of the animal等。句子末尾的working是現(xiàn)在分詞作為形容詞修飾life，表示“工作生活”。

　　翻譯

　　他們把自己的全部時間都用于按照苛刻的課程表進行授課，學(xué)生能通過考試已經(jīng)漸漸變成他們自己授課工作的全部目標(biāo)。

　　13.

　　Being very short of money and wanting to do something useful, I applied, fearing as I did so, that without a degree and with no experience in teaching my chances of getting the job were slim.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)

　　全句有3個謂語動詞：applied，did和were。其中主句的是：applied。句子主干為：I applied。句首的并列的現(xiàn)在分詞短語Being very short of money和wanting to do something useful作原因狀語，fearing 實際上是一個伴隨狀語，as I did so是as引導(dǎo)的一個時間狀語從句。that引導(dǎo)的是fearing的賓語從句。

　　翻譯

　　由于手頭很缺錢，同時也想干點兒有用的事，我就提出了申請，但在申請時我也擔(dān)心，自己沒有文憑也沒有教學(xué)經(jīng)驗，得到這份工作的希望是很渺茫的。

　　14.

　　They also bring together in one display a group of object drawn from various parts of the museum in an effort to represent the whole life-style of a region or a historical period.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)

　　全句只有1個謂語動詞：bring。句子主干為：They also bring together a group of object。其中，過去分詞短語drawn from various parts of the museum作為后置定語修飾a group of object。句子后半部分的介詞短語in an effort to…是句子的目的狀語。

　　翻譯

　　他們還聚集了一批來自博物館的各個部分的展品，放在一場展覽中展出，力圖展示代表了一個地區(qū)或一個歷史時期的生活方式。

　　15.

　　The problem is how museums can continue to serve as storehouses for treasures while encouraging public to enjoy visiting them.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)

　　全句有2個謂語動詞：is和 can continue。句子主干為：The problem is how。how引導(dǎo)的是一個表語從句。其中，現(xiàn)在分詞短語encouraging public to enjoy visiting them作為伴隨狀語，表示museums在continue的同時還能夠encouraging。 .

　　翻譯

　　問題是博物館怎樣既能起到珍品寶庫的作用，同時又能公眾樂于參觀。