�、�.閱讀理解

　　It was just one word in one e-mail，but it caused huge financial losses for a multinational company.The message，written in English，was sent by a native speaker to a colleague for whom English was a second language.Unsure of the word，the receiver found two contradictory meanings in his dictionary.He acted on the wrong one.Months later，senior management investigated why the project had failed，costing hundreds of thousands of dollars.

　　When such misunderstandings happen，it's usually the native speakers who are to blame.Ironically，they are worse at delivering their message than people who speak English as a second or third language.

　　A lot of native speakers are happy that English has become the world's global language.They don't feel the need to accommodate or adapt to others.They often talk too fast for others to follow，and use jokes，slang，short forms and references specific to their own culture.“The first time I worked in an international institution，somebody said‘ETA 16：53’and I thought‘What on earth is ETA?’”says Michael Blattrer，an executive in an international company.

　　And then there's cultural style.When a British reacts to a proposal by saying“That's interesting”，a fellow British might recognize this as“That's rubbish.”But other nationalities would take the word“interesting”on face value.

　　Also，lots of the information is not fully understood because of the complex language native speakers use.Too many non-native speakers，especially the Asians and the French，are too concerned about not“l(fā)osing face”and nod approvingly while not getting the message at all，because of which，the native speakers continue delivering information that makes little sense to them.The information gap is unnoticed and keeps widening.

　　Native speakers should communicate efficiently with simple language.When trying to communicate in English with a group of people with different levels of fluency，it's important for native speakers to make the same point in a couple of different ways and ask for some acknowledgement，reaction and action，to know whether they've been understood or not.

　　【語篇解讀】　當母語是英語的人和母語是非英語的人交流時，由于前者的表達習慣，比如用一些俚語、簡略語等，而后者又礙于面子不懂裝懂，因此產生的信息溝越來越大。本文建議母語是英語的人在與母語不是英語的人交流時使用簡單的語言、采取互動等方法以使后者更好地理解。

　　1.The first paragraph of the passage is written to________.

　　A.tell readers an interesting story

　　B.introduce the topic of the passage

　　C.state the importance of English

　　D.show an example of communication

　　解析：推理判斷題。第一段給出了一個由于信息理解錯誤而造成了嚴重經濟損失的例子。閱讀下文可知，本文解釋了產生這種情況的原因并給出了建議，所以該例子是為了引出文章中心話題。

　　答案：B

　　2.What can we learn about Michael?

　　A.He thinks British people talk too fast.

　　B.He feels no need to adapt to others.

　　C.He's not a native English speakers.

　　D.He finds British culture hard to understand.

　　解析：推理判斷題。根據第三段第三句話可知，母語為英語的人們說話太快，并習慣用一些笑話、俚語或簡略形式，這樣讓人很難理解;緊接著舉例邁克爾不理解簡略表達“ETA”的意思，由此可以推斷出邁克爾的母語不是英語。

　　答案：C

　　3.What might cause the Asians and the French to“l(fā)ose face”according to the passage?

　　A.Being unable to use complex language.

　　B.Being non-native English speakers.

　　C.Failing to understand native speakers.

　　D.Nodding approvingly while listening.

　　解析：細節(jié)理解題。第五段第二句提到，母語是非英語的人由于擔心丟面子，經常在沒有聽懂的情況下點頭表示贊同，由此可以推斷出，聽不懂別人的話會讓他們感覺丟人。

　　答案：C

　　4.Native speakers are advised to ask for listeners' acknowledgement in order to________.

　　A.talk to a group of people at the same time

　　B.learn about listeners' levels of fluency

　　C.get suggestions from listeners

　　D.check listeners' understanding

　　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段最后一句中的動詞不定式短語“to know whether they've been understood or not”可知，說母語的人這么做的目的是為了弄清楚自己說的話是否被正確地理解了。

　　答案：D

　�、�.完形填空

　　I was once in an unusual sociology (社會學) class at Brandeis.Each week we studied the__1__we interacted with one another，and how we__2__to anger，envy，attention.We were human lab rats.More often，someone__3__crying.I referred to it as the“touchy-feely”course.Mr.Brown said I should be more__4__.

　　One day，Mr.Brown said he had an__5__for us to try.We were to stand，facing away from our classmates and__6__backward，relying on another student to__7__us.Most of us were__8__with this，and we couldn't let go for more than a few inches__9__stopping ourselves.We laughed in__10__.

　　Finally，a thin，quiet girl，whom I noticed almost always wear the same clothes，crossed her arms over her chest，__11__her eyes and leaned back，just like one of those Lipton tea ads__12__the model dived into the pool.

　　For a moment，I was__13__she was going to fall on the floor.At the__14__moment，her partner held her head and__15__and pulled her up.

　　“Whoa!”several students yelled.Some__16__.

　　Mr.Brown finally smiled.

　　“You see，”he said to the girl，“you closed your eyes.That was the__17__.Sometimes you cannot believe what you see，you have to believe what you__18__.And if you're ever going to have other people__19__you，you must feel that you can trust them，__20__，even where you're in the dark，even when you're falling.”

　　【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，講述了Brown老師通過一堂練習課讓作者及其同學體會到了信任的力量的故事。

　　核心詞匯　interact互動;交流，交往　refer to...as...把……稱為……touchy-feely過分多愁善感的　let go放手，放開　lean back(使)向后仰　pull up...把……向上拉

　　1.A.behaviourB.ways

　　C.courses D.relationship

　　解析：每周我們都學習與他人互動的方式(ways)。behaviour“行為”;course“課程”;relationship“關系”。

　　答案：B

　　2.A.responded B.objected

　　C.stuck D.referred

　　解析：根據語境及上文中的“we interacted with one another”可知，此處表示我們如何對憤怒、妒忌和關注做出反應。respond to“對……做出反應”;object to“反對”;stick to“堅持”;refer to“查閱，參考”。

　　答案：A

　　3.A.went on B.gave up

　　C.put off D.ended up

　　解析：該句后面的句子表示我把它稱作“情緒化”的課程，該句與后一句構成因果關系，作者之所以稱之為情緒化課程，是因為有人在互動中對上面提到的感情的反應常常是哭泣，故end up“最后處于”符合文意。go on“繼續(xù)”;give up“放棄”;put off“推遲”。

　　答案：D

　　4.A.skillful B.honest

　　C.open-minded D.energetic

　　解析：此處是Brown老師給作者提的建議——作者的思想應該更加開明(open-minded)。skillful“熟練的”;honest“誠實的”;energetic“精力充沛的”。

　　答案：C

　　5.A.arrangement B.order

　　C.introduction D.exercise

　　解析：根據后面的內容可知，Brown老師要我們練習身體往后仰這個動作。exercise“練習”，符合語境。arrangement“安排”;order“命令”;introduction“序言，導論”。

　　答案：D

　　6.A.jumped B.moved

　　C.fell D.ran

　　解析：根據下文中的“l(fā)eaned back”和“she was going to fall on the floor”可知選C。

　　答案：C

　　7.A.catch B.pull

　　C.control D.support

　　解析：根據下文中的“her partner held her head...up”可知選A。catch“接住”。

　　答案：A

　　8.A.dissatisfied B.uncomfortable

　　C.pleased D.familiar

　　解析：根據“we couldn't let go for more than a few inches__9__stopping ourselves”可知，此處表示我們大部分因為這感到不舒適(uncomfortable)。dissatisfied“不滿意的”;pleased“高興的”;familiar“熟悉的”。

　　答案：B

　　9.A.before B.after

　　C.while D.until

　　解析：根據語境可知，此處指停下做向后傾的動作之前，故選A。

　　答案：A

　　10.A.surprise B.excitement

　　C.delight D.embarrassment

　　解析：根據上下文可知，在做這個練習時，身體稍稍往后傾斜，同學們就不敢做了，這時他們會感到尷尬(embarrassment)。

　　答案：D

　　11.A.fixed B.opened

　　C.closed D.touched

　　解析：根據下文中的“you closed your eyes”可知選C。fix“固定”;open“打開”;touch“觸摸”。

　　答案：C

　　12.A.every time B.as though

　　C.when D.where

　　解析：分析句子結構可知，ads后面的部分為定語從句，修飾先行詞Lipton tea ads，ads表示“廣告”，空處在后面的定語從句中作地點狀語，故用where。every time“每當”;as though“似乎”;when“當……時”。

　　答案：D

　　13.A.sorry B.shocked

　　C.sure D.puzzled

　　解析：根據下文中的“At the__14__moment，her partner held her head and__15__and pulled her up”可推知，空處所在句表示“我”肯定(sure)她將要摔倒在地板上了。sorry“遺憾的”;shocked“震驚的”;puzzled“感到困惑的”，都不符合語境。

　　答案：C

　　14.A.unusual B.crazy

　　C.exciting D.last

　　解析：at the last moment表示“在最后一刻”，故選D。

　　答案：D

　　15.A.shoulders B.attention

　　C.legs D.chance

　　解析：根據常識可知，要把即將倒地的人拉起來，應該是抱住人的頭和雙肩。attention“注意”;leg“腿”;chance“機會”，都不符合語境。

　　答案：A

　　16.A.wept B.clapped

　　C.laughed D.sighed

　　解析：“several students yelled”反映了同學們的激動，因此同學們會為其鼓掌(clapped)。weep“流淚”;laugh“笑”;sigh“嘆息”。

　　答案：B

　　17.A.success B.difference

　　C.result D.requirement

　　解析：根據上下文可知，閉著眼和睜著眼是不一樣(difference)的。

　　答案：B

　　18.A.feel B.notice

　　C.hold D.meet

　　解析：根據上下文可知，Brown老師之所以認為閉著眼不一樣，是因為他認為人們有時不相信他們所看到的，但有時卻不得不相信他們所感受(feel)到的。

　　答案：A

　　19.A.stand by B.rely on

　　C.believe in D.call for

　　解析：空處照應后面的trust，故選C項。stand by“袖手旁觀”;rely on“依靠，依賴”;call for“需要，要求”。

　　答案：C

　　20.A.however B.too

　　C.though D.therefore

　　解析：如果你要讓別人信任你，你必須感覺你也(too)能夠信任他們。

　　答案：B