�、�.閱讀理解
Though the harmful effects of plastic on wildlife and human health are welldocumented, this material is hard to avoid.Nearly everything we touch, from grocery bags to drink bottles, to food packaging, contains plastic.Now, Amsterdam's Ekoplaza supermarket is making it a little easier for consumers to reduce consumption of singleuse plastic bags and containers, which are blocking our landfills at alarming rates, with a special plasticfree aisle (通道).Believed to be the world's first, the aisle has 700 products on sale including rice, beans, yogurt, chocolate milk, cereal, snacks and meat.
While items still require packaging, everything is housed inside reusable or recyclable containers made of glass, metal or cardboard.The unique idea was given to the grocerychain officials by UKbased environmental group A Plastic Planet, which takes the lead to advocate for at least one plasticfree aisle in supermarkets around the globe.The nonprofit has even created a signature “plasticfree” mark to help consumers identify ecofriendly packaging. “This is a consumerled campaign，” said a group cofounder Sian Sutherland. “We're a grassroots organization.So obviously we're working with industry and the government, but most importantly, we represent the public.”
Ekoplaza, which plans to roll out the plasticfree aisles across its 74 stores by the end of the year, is not the only company trying to reduce plastic waste.In Berlin, the Original Unverpackt grocery store has been trying to change customer habits since 2014 by selling everything, from grain to produce and even soaps without plastic packaging.The supermarket, which requires customers to bring their own reusable containers, even sells chewable toothpaste that needs no tubes.
Though it is encouraging to see companies trying to make a difference, for real change to happen, consumers have to avoid products encased in plastics, even if it means giving up their favorite food or drink.As Sutherland put it, “Plastic food and drink packaging remains useful and yet a destructive presence on the earth for centuries afterwards.”
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文主要介紹了超市在減少塑料包裝上的努力。
1.What does Ekoplaza want to do by setting up a plasticfree aisle?
A.Cut down managing cost.
B.Reduce plasticpackaging.
C.Make shopping much easier.
D.Increase the amount of sales.
解析：選B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“Now, Amsterdam's Ekoplaza supermarket is making ... with a special plasticfree aisle (通道).”可知，Ekoplaza設(shè)立無(wú)塑料通道是為了減少塑料包裝，故選B。
2.Which of the following can make a real difference?
A.Consumers.
B.Supermarkets.
C.Organizations.
D.Companies.
解析：選A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句可推知，盡管公司正在盡力發(fā)揮作用，但是只有作為塑料包裝消費(fèi)主體的消費(fèi)者行動(dòng)起來(lái)才會(huì)減少塑料垃圾，故選A。
3.What does Sutherland think of plastic packaging in the future?
A.It will be of no use to consumers.
B.It will exist for a long time.
C.It will disappear in this century.
D.It will replace other containers.
解析：選B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中的“Plastic food and drink packaging remains useful and yet a destructive presence on the earth for centuries afterwards.”可知，塑料包裝還會(huì)存在很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間，故選B。
4.What might be the title of the passage?
A.Plastics Are Harmful to the Environment
B.Nonprofits Can Help the Supermarkets
C.Consumers Should Change Shopping Habits
D.Supermarkets Take Action for a Cleaner Planet
解析：選D 標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段的導(dǎo)入和最后一段的總結(jié)可知，本文主要介紹了超市在減少塑料包裝上的努力，故選D。
�、�.完形填空
John Carpenter didn't like to buy toys that somebody else had made.He liked the fun of __1__ them himself.The thought that they were his own work __2__ him.
Tom, one of his playmates, thought a toy was worth nothing __3__ it cost a great deal of money.He never tried to make __4__， but bought all his toys.“Come and look at my horse，” said he, one day，“it __5__ a dollar, and it is such a beauty!” John was soon __6__ his friend's horse, and he was examining it __7__ to see how it was made.The same evening he tried to make a __8__ one for himself.He went into the wood shed and __9__ two pieces of wood — one for the head of his horse, the other for the body.It took him two or three days to shape them to his __10__.But what about the wheels? This __11__ him.With great efforts, he finally got some __12__ pieces of wood which could suit his __13__.Proud of his great __14__，he ran to his friend Tom, crying，“Now then, Tom, here is my horse — look!”
“Well, that is a __15__ horse，”said Tom，“ Where did you buy it?”
“I didn't buy it，”__16__ John, “I made it.”
“You made it yourself! Oh, well, it's a good horse for you to make.__17__ it is not as good as mine.Mine cost a __18__， and yours didn't cost anything.”
“It was real fun to make it, though，” said John, and away he ran with his horse __19__ after him.
Does it really cost nothing and all his efforts are __20__? Of course not, I will tell you.John Carpenter now is a master workman, and will soon have a shop of his own.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：你是喜歡自己親手制作玩具，還是花錢(qián)買(mǎi)玩具呢?很多人會(huì)覺(jué)得花錢(qián)買(mǎi)的才有價(jià)值。其實(shí)當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己親自動(dòng)手制作玩具的樂(lè)趣時(shí)，你才能了解其真正的意義。
1.A.collecting B.making
C.doing D.inventing
解析：選B 根據(jù)上一句可知，約翰不喜歡別人做的玩具，喜歡自己制作(making)玩具的那份快樂(lè)。
2.A.concerned B.annoyed
C.amazed D.delighted
解析：選D 根據(jù)上文“He liked the fun of __1__ them himself.”可知，他喜歡制作玩具的樂(lè)趣，可見(jiàn)這個(gè)自己制作玩具的想法讓他非常高興(delighted)。
3.A.since B.in case
C.unless D.as if
解析：選C 根據(jù)上下文可知，他的一個(gè)玩伴湯姆，認(rèn)為除非(unless)花很多金錢(qián)買(mǎi)來(lái)的玩具，否則一文不值。
4.A.anything B.something
C.nothing D.everything
解析：選A 根據(jù)后半句“but bought all his toys”可知，他只是買(mǎi)玩具，從不試著自己做任何東西(anything)。
5.A.used B.cost
C.wasted D.needed
解析：選B 此處指馬花了一美元。cost意為“花費(fèi)”。
6.A.searching B.feeling
C.admiring D.attending
解析：選C 根據(jù)下文約翰仔細(xì)觀察，研究如何做的，然后自己做了一匹馬可知，當(dāng)約翰看到他朋友的馬，很快就欣賞(admiring)起這匹馬來(lái)，看看是怎么做出來(lái)的。
7.A.patiently B.casually
C.willingly D.hurriedly
解析：選A 從空后的“to see how it was made”以及下文所做的玩具馬可知，他耐心地(patiently)觀察著。
8.A.vivid B.common
C.similar D.rare
解析：選C 根據(jù)上文可知，他非常喜歡湯姆的馬，試著給自己做一個(gè)類(lèi)似的(similar)馬。
9.A.picked out B.took up
C.picked up D.came over
解析：選A 根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，他走進(jìn)木棚，挑選(pick out)出兩塊木頭，一塊做馬頭，另一塊做身體。
10.A.surprise B.regret
C.relief D.satisfaction
解析：選D 根據(jù)下文他對(duì)所做的馬感到驕傲可知，他花了兩、三天時(shí)間才做出令他滿(mǎn)意的(to one's satisfaction)形狀。
11.A.excited B.cheered
C.puzzled D.amused
解析：選C 根據(jù)前一句“But what about the wheels?”及后一句“With great efforts, he finally got some ...”可知，他不知用什么做輪子，因此這讓他很困惑(puzzled)。
12.A.flat B.rough
C.sharp D.round
解析：選D 根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，輪子是圓形的，肯定要用圓的(round)木頭。
13.A.approach B.curiosity
C.concern D.purpose
解析：選D 根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，他挑選這幾塊圓木是為了滿(mǎn)足他做輪子的意圖(purpose)。
14.A.dream B.work
C.house D.wood
解析：選B 根據(jù)下文他讓湯姆來(lái)看他自己做的馬可知，這是他的作品(work)。
15.A.delicate B.horrible
C.royal D.dull
解析：選A 根據(jù)下文“it's a good horse for you to make”可知，John做的是一匹精致的(delicate)馬。
16.A.asked B.replied
C.reminded D.insisted
解析：選B 根據(jù)上文湯姆問(wèn)約翰的話(huà)可知，此處表示約翰回答(replied)道。
17.A.So B.As
C.But D.After
解析：選C 這匹馬對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)是匹好馬，但是它不如我的好。根據(jù)前后意思可知，是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。
18.A.pound B.bill
C.note D.dollar
解析：選D 根據(jù)第5空中的“a dollar”可知，湯姆說(shuō)他的馬是花一美元買(mǎi)的。
19.A.rolling B.slipping
C.passing D.marching
解析：選A 約翰做的是有輪子的馬，所以輪子是滾動(dòng)(rolling)的。
20.A.for sure B.in vain
C.in order D.in case
解析：選B 根據(jù)空前“Does it really cost nothing(這真的沒(méi)有什么價(jià)值嗎?)”和空后的內(nèi)容可判斷這里是問(wèn)“他所有的努力都白費(fèi)了(in vain)嗎”?
Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空
A hutong is an ancient city street typical in Beijing.__1__ (surround) the Forbidden City, many were built during the Yuan, Ming and Qing __2__ (dynasty).In order to establish the strongest power, emperors planned the city and arranged the residential areas.__3__ center of the city Beijing was the royal palace — the Forbidden City.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, after __4__ (close) China came under the influence from abroad, many old hutongs lost __5__ (they) former neat arrangement.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, hutong conditions __6__ (improve).But in recent years, the houses in many hutongs have been pulled __7__ and replaced by modern buildings.And the hutong today is fading into the shade for __8__ tourists and local people.
However, in the urban district of Beijing houses along hutongs still occupy one __9__ (three) of the total area, providing housing for half population, so many hutongs __10__ (survive).In this respect, we see the old in the new in Beijing as an ancient yet modern city.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了北京胡同的發(fā)展歷史、建造作用以及當(dāng)前的狀況等。
1.Surrounding 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。胡同環(huán)繞著紫禁城，它們中的許多建造于元、明、清時(shí)期。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，many前面的部分為狀語(yǔ);主語(yǔ)many代指“胡同”，和動(dòng)詞surround之間是邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。
2.dynasties 考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)該句中的“Yuan, Ming and Qing”可知，該處指三個(gè)朝代，且dynasty為可數(shù)名詞，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
3.The 考查冠詞。北京城的中心是皇宮——紫禁城。根據(jù)該句中的“of the city Beijing”可知，該處特指“北京城的中心”，故用定冠詞The。
4.closed 考查形容詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和空后的名詞“China”可知，空處修飾該名詞，表示“閉關(guān)自守的”，故用形容詞。
5.their 考查代詞。根據(jù)空后的名詞短語(yǔ)“former neat arrangement”可知，空處修飾該名詞短語(yǔ)，故用形容詞性物主代詞。
6.were improved 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。1949年中華人民共和國(guó)成立以后，胡同的狀況得到了改善。該句主語(yǔ)為“hutong conditions”，和動(dòng)詞improve之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)“hutong conditions”為復(fù)數(shù)，且根據(jù)該句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可知，該句介紹過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，故用were improved。
7.down 考查介詞。但是近年來(lái)，許多胡同中的房子被拆毀，取而代之的是現(xiàn)代化的建筑。pull down為固定搭配，意為“拆毀”。
8.both 考查連詞。both ...and ...為固定搭配，意為“兩者都……”。
9.third 考查序數(shù)詞。該處指“在北京市區(qū)的胡同中的房子占整個(gè)地區(qū)的三分之一”，分?jǐn)?shù)的分母用序數(shù)詞，故用third。
10.have survived 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)該句中的“still occupy”可知，該空表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
