B

(2016·西安中學(xué)月考)The term “smog” was first used in London during the early 1900's to describe the combination of smoke and fog.What we typically call “smog” today is a mixture of pollutants but is primarily made up of ground ­ level ozone (臭氧).

Ozone can be beneficial or harmful depending on where it stays.The ozone staying high above the Earth protects human health and the environment, but ground­level ozone is responsible for the choking, coughing, and painful eyes associated with smog.The ozone in smog also prevents plants growth and can cause widespread damage to crops and forest.

Major smog occurrences often are linked to heavy motor vehicle traffic, high temperatures, sunshine, and calm winds.Weather and geography affect the position and severity of smog.Because temperature regulates the length of time it takes for smog to form, smog can form faster and be more severe on a hot and sunny day.When warm air stays near the ground instead of rising and winds are calm, smog may stay trapped over your city for days.As traffic and other sources add more pollutants to the air, the smog gets worse.Smog is often more severe away from the pollution sources because the chemical reactions that cause smog occur in the atmosphere while the reacting chemicals are being moved by the wind.

Smog is a visible example of air pollution.You can look into the distance during the day to see how much smog there is in the air.In addition, most cities measure the concentrations of pollutants in the air and report the results to the public.

Environmental Protection Agency sets national standards for pollutants.Areas that fail to meet the standards for at least one air pollutant are called “nonattainment (不達(dá)標(biāo)) areas”.New measures are being taken by local governments across the country to reduce air pollution in nonattainment areas.These include: banning charcoal barbecues and wood burning in stoves or fireplaces when pollution levels are high; developing programs to encourage carpooling and voluntary “ozone actions”; limiting traffic in overcrowded areas; expanding or improving public transportation systems; requiring employers to contribute to employee public transportation costs; assessing “smog fees” on cars according to the number of miles driven and vehicle emissions (排放) produced; and even buying and breaking up older “super­dirty” cars.

5.According to the passage, ground­level ozone can________.

A.damage the environment

B.benefit human health

C.protect crops and forest

D.limit the spread of smog

6.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.Air quality is better in time of calm wind.

B.Smog is more severe near pollution sources.

C.It takes more time for smog to form in hot weather.

D.Chemical reactions occur in the moving air and cause smog.

7.Which indication shows more exactly the air is poor?

A.Heavy motor vehicle traffic in big cities.

B.Widespread damage of crops and forest.

C.Clear outlines of hills in the distance.

D.High concentrations of pollutants in the air.

8.What is included in the measures being taken by the local governments?

A.Unconditional banning of wood burning.

B.Encouraging carpooling and public transportation.

C.Charging all the vehicles more “smog fees”.

D.Buying new cars to replace super­dirty old cars.

答案：

解題導(dǎo)語：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要談?wù)摿藷熿F的形成原因、危害以及地方政府針對這一現(xiàn)象所采取的應(yīng)對措施。

5.A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“...but ground­level ozone is ... damage to crops and forest.”可知，地平面上的臭氧對環(huán)境和人體是有壞處的。故選A項(xiàng)。

6.D　解析：判斷正誤題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中的“because the chemical reactions...by the wind”可知，化學(xué)反應(yīng)在流動(dòng)的空氣里發(fā)生并且導(dǎo)致了煙霧。故選D項(xiàng)。

7.D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“In addition，most cities measure the concentrations of pollutants in the air and report the results to the public.”可知，空氣中高濃度的污染物能較準(zhǔn)確地表明空氣質(zhì)量差。故選D項(xiàng)。

8.B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“developing programs to encourage carpooling...”以及“expanding or improving public transportation systems” 可知，地方政府采取的措施包括鼓勵(lì)人們拼車，擴(kuò)大和改進(jìn)公共交通運(yùn)輸體系等。故選B項(xiàng)。

Ⅳ.書面表達(dá)

(2016·哈爾濱六中二模)假如你叫李華，最近在瀏覽新西蘭的中學(xué)網(wǎng)站時(shí)，看到一位名叫Tom的留言，他計(jì)劃在暑假期間到中國的哈爾濱旅游，希望能有一名中國的中學(xué)生作他的導(dǎo)游。你對此很感興趣。請你根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)提示給他寫一封e­mail，介紹相關(guān)情況。

主要內(nèi)容： 1.希望做他的導(dǎo)游;

2.打算如何給他做導(dǎo)游;

3.期盼他的回復(fù)。

注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右;

2.信的開頭、結(jié)尾已經(jīng)寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

Dear Tom，

Recently, while browsing a senior high school website of New Zealand, I saw the message you posted on it.

Yours sincerely，

Li Hua

答案：

Dear Tom，

Recently, while browsing a senior high school website of New Zealand, I saw_the_message_you_posted_on_it. I get to know your wishes that you intend to travel in Harbin during the summer vacation with a Chinese student as your guide.

Learning this news, I am really willing to travel with you and introduce Harbin to you. I know as a brilliant guide I am supposed to make your journey interesting and meaningful. For one thing, I will keep you company to visit numerous great places of interest and enjoy the wonderful sightseeing. For another thing, I am going to tell you something of Harbin's history.

I am looking forward to the reply from you. With all my wishes you could give me this honor.

Yours_sincerely，

Li_Hua