閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
The practice of swapping fashions has recently been attracting attention worldwide, particularly in Europe and the United States. This is an activity aimed at making more effective use of resources by providing a platform for people to exchange free of charge those fashion items in their closets that they don’t use anymore.
In London, fashion swap events sponsored by the credit card company VISA focus on the swapping of specific brands. Japan’s first major fashion swap event, “xChange,” was held in September 2007 in Tokyo. The xChange event is designed to exchange not only fishing items but also information and feelings from the owners of the clothes, using what is called an “episode tag.” Participants put tags on each of the items they bring and write their name and a bride episode about the items.
For example, a tag of a white jacket read, “This is a gift from a friend, but it’s just not my style.” On a tag attached to a pair of red shoes, a person wrote. “These don’t fit me anymore. I hope someone who loves red can use them.” Just as shoppers check price tags, some people check the episode tags before making a selection, imagining who used to wear the item. The episode tags make people aware of the human connection by exchanging goods.
Many participants say things like, “I’m very lucky to get such lovely clothes for free,” and “I was happy to see someone try on and choose what I brought here.” Unwanted clothes for one person can be new and exciting for someone else. Besides, xChange achieves close to a 100-percent reuse rate by donating leftover clothes to companies that reuse or recycle secondhand clothing. Anything they cannot use, they then donate to developing countries or reuse them as rags.
Since 2007, the xChange event has been held every two or three months in a different region of Japan, always attracting many participants. This success is probably because it is an active event that gives participants opportunities to enjoy fashion without increasing the impact on the environment.
1. What's the main purpose of the fashion exchange?
A. To attract people's attention. B. To make good use of resources.
C. To get rid of unwanted clothes. D. To try to avoid buying new clothes.
2. What is special about "an episode tag"?
A. It provides personal information of the owner.
B. It is being attached by a price tag.
C. It gives details of a fashion item.
D. It includes brief information of the item and feelings of the owner.
3. That the xChange event has achieved success is probably because ____.
A. it donates secondhand clothing to developing countries
B. it changes people's way of consuming
C. offers an example of enjoying fashion without damaging environment
D. it shows fashion is the best policy for women
4. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
A. "Fashion Exchange" Concept Grows in Japan.
B. "xChange" Environment Meets the Fashion Industry.
C. The Global Rise of the Fashion Exchange.
D. Join in "xChange".
1、答案解析：答案為B。 本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。由第一段第二句話 “This is an activity aimed at making more effective use of resources by…”可知，答案為B。
2、答案解析：答案為D。本題為詞義推測(cè)題。由第二段 “The xChange event is designed to exchange not only fishing items but also information and feelings from the owners of the clothes, using what is called an “episode tag.”可知，答案為D。
3、答案解析：答案為C。本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。由最后一段 “This success is probably because it is an active event that gives participants opportunities to enjoy fashion without increasing the impact on the environment.”可知，答案為C。
4、答案解析：答案為A。本題為主旨大意題。由第二段 “Japan’s first major fashion swap event, ‘xChange,’ was held in September 2007 in Tokyo.” 可知，第一屆Fashion Exchange2007年在日本東京舉辦，后文對(duì)其進(jìn)行了介紹，最后一段呼應(yīng)文章的中心 “Since 2007, the xChange event has been held every two or three months in a different region of Japan, always attracting many participants.”, 因此本文主要介紹Fashion Exchange在日本的盛行，盡管第一段提到Fashion Exchange在歐美受到了歡迎，但這僅僅是Fashion Exchange的影響，故最佳標(biāo)題為A。
【2014·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ 】閱讀理解B
Passenger pigeons(旅鴿)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群)so large that they darkened the sky for hours.
It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeonsa number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.
Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing.Where the birds were abundant, people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the thousands.Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.
By the closing decades of the 19th century, the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans' need for wood, which scattered(驅(qū)散)the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again.
In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900.For a time, a few birds survived under human care.The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden in September 1, 1914.
【試題分析】 據(jù)記載，在18世紀(jì)及19世紀(jì)，美國(guó)有大量的旅鴿。本文描述了這一期間旅鴿的生存狀況。
1. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons________.
A.were the biggest bird in the world
B.lived mainly in the south of America
C.did great harm to the natural environment
D.were the largest population in the US
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句的信息可知，在18世紀(jì)及19世紀(jì)早期，美國(guó)旅鴿的數(shù)量很大。
答案：D
2. The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons________.
A.escape B.ruin
C.liberation D.evolution
解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段第二句中的“...people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the thousands.”可知，人們認(rèn)為旅鴿數(shù)量極大，因此大量捕殺它們，所以正是由于旅鴿數(shù)量大才導(dǎo)致它們被捕殺，故可推知該詞的意思是“損壞，破壞”之意。
答案：B
3.What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?
A.To seek pleasure.
B.To save other birds.
C.To make money.
D.To protect crops.
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.”可知，他們捕殺旅鴿的原因是為了賺錢。
答案：C
4. What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?
A.It was ignored by the public.
B.It was declared too late.
C.It was unfair.
D.It was strict.
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句可知，雖然密歇根州制定了法律，但是到那個(gè)時(shí)候，已經(jīng)不能見(jiàn)到大量的旅鴿了，這說(shuō)明法律制定及宣布得太遲。
答案：B
【2014·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ 】閱讀理解C
A typical lion tamer (馴獸師) in people's mind is an entertainer holding a whip (鞭子)and a chair.The whip gets all of the attention , but it's mostly for show.In reality , it's the chair that does the important work.When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion's face , the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time.With its focus divided , the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next.When faced with so many options , the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.
How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion ? How often do you have something you want to achieve (e.g.lose weight , start a business , travel more )only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress ?
This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information.The end result is that we feel like we can't focus or that we're focused on the wrong things , and so we take less action , make less progress , and stay the same when we could be improving.
It doesn't have to be that way.Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face , remember this：All you need to do is focus on one thing.You just need to get started.Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people.If you have somewhere you want to go , something you want to accomplish , someone you want to become....take immediate action.If you're clear about where you want to go , the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out the way.
【試題分析】 面對(duì)生活中的眾多選擇，我們應(yīng)該如何做?通過(guò)文中馴獸師的做法，我們可以得到些啟發(fā)。
1. Why does the lion tamer use a chair?
A.To trick the lion.
B.To show off his skill.
C.To get ready for a fight.
D.To entertain the audience.
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第四、五句可知，馴獸師舉起椅子的目的是為了分散獅子的注意力，可見(jiàn)馴獸師使用椅子的目的是欺騙獅子。
答案：A
2. In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?
A.They feel puzzled over choices.
B.They hold on to the wrong things.
C.They find it hard to make changes.
D.They have to do something for show.
解析：推理判斷題。結(jié)合前三段的內(nèi)容可知，人們對(duì)待選擇的態(tài)度通常是疑惑不解的，這就與獅子面對(duì)椅子時(shí)的情況相同。
答案：A
3. What is the author's attitude towards the experts mentioned in paragraph 3?
A.Tolerant
B.Doubtful
C.Respectful
D.Supportive
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知，專家們也忙于討論什么是最好的選擇這個(gè)問(wèn)題，很明顯，他們的做法也令人感到疑惑。
答案：B
4.When the world is “waving a chair in your face”， you're advised to________.
A.wait for a better chance
B.break your old habits
C.make a quick decision
D.ask for clear guidance
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“All you need to do is focus on one thing...take immediate action.”可知，你所得到的建議是“盡快做出決定”。
答案：C
