第二部分　閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)

　　第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)

　　閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。

　　A

　　Your local grocery store is a psychological minefield (布雷區(qū))，where even the bananas are ripe with mystery.

　　1.Southpaws (左撇子) have an invisible (看不見的) advantage

　　You've probably seen that stores keep go-to items—produce，meats，dairy—on the outer edge.But did you notice that most of them are set up to make you run counterclockwise (逆時針)? Ninety percent of us are right-handed，so we buy more when it's counterclockwise.You'll also often find the dairy section in the back left corner：Because dairy is likely on your list，stores make sure you take the longest route to get there.In fairness，it's also a more convenient place to put a fridge.

　　2.Everything is in its place

　　It's safe to say that nothing you see on a shelf is there by chance.The cookies on sale at the end of a passage are likely the result of smart product placement.More expensive items are usually placed at an adult's eye level，while colorful treats and other products for kids are positioned lower—to catch the attention of children.

　　3.Time goes by so slowly

　　Stores rarely have windows or clocks.With no reference to the outside world，customers can easily lose track of how long they've been there so that they can buy more.Grocery stores may use another trick to control your sense of time: small floor tiles (瓷磚).

　　4.Goods are an art form

　　Grocers know exactly what shade of banana you're most likely to buy.To ensure the bananas on display are the closest to this shade，stores use a ripeness scale that ranges from one (all green) to seven (yellow with brown spots).Some stores even use special lighting to make bananas look more appealing.As for the water sprayed on the other produce? It makes veggies look fresh，but keeping them wet actually makes them rot faster.It also makes produce heavier—and therefore pricier.

　　【語篇解讀】　本文是說明文。文章介紹了商店不為人知的營銷策略。

　　21.Why do stores usually put dairy in the back left corner?

　　A.Because it is a quiet place.

　　B.To make people buy more.

　　C.To attract people's attention.

　　D.Because most people are right-handed.

　　答案　B　[細節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的Because dairy is likely on your list，stores make sure you take the longest route to get there可知，商場之所以把乳制品放到后面的左拐角處主要是因為人們常買乳制品，把乳制品放到遠的地方可以使顧客走很長的路并可能在沿途買其他的東西。]

　　22.You are more likely to find toys________.

　　A.in corners B.on lower shelves

　　C.at an adult's eye level D.at the end of a passage

　　答案　B　[推理判斷題。由第三段末的colorful treats and other products for kids are positioned lower—to catch the attention of children可推斷，玩具最可能放到較低的地方以吸引孩子們的目光。]

　　23.Why are there usually no windows or clocks in stores?

　　A.They are useless.

　　B.There is no space for them.

　　C.To make customers stay longer.

　　D.To allow customers to enjoy themselves.

　　答案　C　[細節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段中的With no reference...they can buy more可知，商店之所以通常沒有窗戶或鐘表主要是為了讓顧客忘記時間，從而逛得更久。]

　　24.Which can be the best title for the text?

　　A.Secrets of stores

　　B.Advantages of stores

　　C.How to shop in stores

　　D.How to operate a store

　　答案　A　[標題歸納題。由文章開頭的Your local grocery store is a psychological minefield及下文可知，本文主要講商店的秘密營銷策略，即如何運用心理學知識擺放商品從而促使消費者購買更多商品。]

　　B

　　When a new school year began in August，students in four classes were greeted by a new teacher.The human resources department had worked on through the summer to attract new teachers.Staff members made out-of-state recruiting (招收) trips.The district changed its website and asked local people to tap their families and friends for job candidates.“We were leaving no stone unturned，” said Dave Ostash，assistant of human resources.Still，when the bell rang on the first day of class，they went short of four teachers.

　　After years of hiring freezes，schools in the U.S.are in urgent need of more qualified teachers.In California，which educates more children than any other state，the number of teaching certificates issued (簽發(fā)) has dropped by half in the past decade.The state's school districts estimate (估計) they will need 21，000 new teachers annually over the next five years.

　　School administrators and academic researchers point to a variety of reasons for the shortages.During the past years，many districts cut down jobs and are unwilling to recruit new graduates.Debate over testing and renewing lowest performing schools has circled back to teachers.People go to well-paid jobs，jobs that are more respected.Elena Avila，24，a first-time kindergarten teacher at Union Avenue Elementary School in Los Angeles，said she had wanted to be a teacher since an early age，but began to doubt the decision as she got older.She got a degree in classical studies and volunteered before making up her mind.

　　To fill their vacancies (空缺)，districts are trying everything to attract new teachers.The Fresno Unified School District in California's San Joaquin Valley has begun advertising openings at movie theaters.At Sierra Sands Unified，half of the new employees are not fully certified (證明合格的);they're working towards alternative certifications while they teach.It wasn't until three weeks into the school year that all the vacancies were filled.For the four newest teachers，there was no time to prepare，only dive in.“They're going and hitting__the__ground__running，” Ostash said.

　　【語篇解讀】　本文是記敘文。美國的很多學校出現(xiàn)了教師短缺的問題。當問題來臨時，很多地方都開始想辦法解決教師短缺的問題。

　　25.How many teachers will California recruit in the next five years?

　　A.21，000. B.42，000.

　　C.84，000. D.105，000.

　　答案　D　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的...they will need 21，000 new teachers annually over the next five years可知，未來五年加利福尼亞需要105 000名教師。]

　　26.What caused the shortage of qualified teachers?

　　A.The schools offered higher paid jobs.

　　B.Teachers are more respected than others.

　　C.Many districts refused to hire new graduates.

　　D.The temperature of schools dropped to freezing point.

　　答案　C　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的...many districts cut down jobs and are unwilling to recruit new graduates可知，很多社區(qū)拒絕招收新教師導致了教師的缺乏。]

　　27.What measure did the Fresno Unified School District take to attract new teachers?

　　A.They went to some colleges.

　　B.They asked local people for help.

　　C.They put ads in movie theaters.

　　D.They gave teachers certifications.

　　答案　C　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句可知，他們在劇院設(shè)立廣告來招聘老師。]

　　28.The underlined part “hitting the ground running” in the last paragraph probably means “________”.

　　A.turning to other people for some help

　　B.setting about doing something right away

　　C.getting well prepared for doing something

　　D.looking forward to succeeding with pleasure

　　答案　B　[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中的For the four newest teachers，there was no time to prepare，only dive in可知，這四位新老師沒有經(jīng)過培訓就開始工作，因此hitting the ground running這個短語意為“立即做某事”。]