B
I am a health psychologist, and my mission is to help people be happier and healthier. But I fear that something I've been teaching for the last 10 years is doing more harm than good and it has to do with __1__.
For years I've been telling people, stress makes you sick. It increases the __2__ of everything from the common cold to cardiovascular(心血管的) disease. __3__ , I've turned stress into the __4__ . But I have changed my __5__ about stress, and today, I want to change yours.
Let me start with the study that made me rethink the whole __6__ to stress. This study tracked 30,000 adults in the United States for eight years, and they started by asking people, “How much stress have you __7__ in the last year?” They also asked, “Do you believe that stress can __8__ your poor health?” And then they used public death records to __9__ who died. People who experienced a lot of stress in the previous year had a 43 percent __10__ risk of dying. But that was only __11__ for the people who also __12__ that stress is harmful to their health. People who experienced a lot of stress but did not __13__ stress as harmful were no more __14__ to die. In fact, they had the __15__ risk of dying, __16__ people who had relatively little stress. Now the researchers estimated that over the eight years they were tracking deaths, 182,000 Americans died prematurely(過早), not from stress, __17__ from the belief that stress is bad for them. That is over 20,000 deaths a year. Now, __18__ that estimate is correct, that would make believing stress is bad for you the 15th largest __19__ of death in the United States last year, __20__ more people than skin cancer, HIV/AIDS and homicide.
1. A. health B. happiness
C.stress D. psychology
2. A. risk B. condition
C. development D. challenge
3. A. Definitely B. Traditionally
C. Similarly D. Basically
4. A. friend B. enemy
C. doctor D. patient
5. A. definition B. mind
C. explanation D. description
6. A. answer B. approach
C. response D. assumption
7. A. avoided B. exercised
C. experienced D. tracked
8. A. result from B. speed up
C. lead to D. break down
9. A. find out B. put out
C. set out D. work out
10. A. increased B. changed
C. declined D. progressed
11. A. false B. right
C. true D. wrong
12. A. doubted B. proved
C. believed D. disagreed
13. A. simplify B. view
C. describe D. elect
14. A. certainly B. probably
C. hardly D. likely
15.A. fastest B. latest
C. highest D. lowest
16.A. removing B. comparing
C. neglecting D. including
17.A. and B. but
C. nor D. or
18.A. if B. though
C. because D. until
19.A. number B. discovery
C. cause D. estimate
20.A. killing B. threatening
C. affecting D. hurting
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】 一直以來(lái)人們認(rèn)為壓力對(duì)健康有害。但作者認(rèn)為：壓力是否影響你，取決于你對(duì)壓力的態(tài)度。
1.解析：根據(jù)下文多次提到的“stress”可知，此處指作者所教授的內(nèi)容與壓力有關(guān)，故填stress。
答案：C
2.解析：此處指壓力可以增加患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。risk“風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”，符合語(yǔ)境。下文中的“risk of dying”是提示。
答案：A
3.解析：此處指基本上作者把壓力當(dāng)作敵人。basically“基本上”，符合語(yǔ)境。
答案：D
4.解析：參見上題解析。
答案：B
5.解析：但作者對(duì)壓力的看法已經(jīng)改變了。change one's mind“改變主意，改變想法”，為固定用法。
答案：B
6.解析：此處表示作者先來(lái)談?wù)勈顾匦驴紤]他對(duì)壓力的看法的研究。approach“方法，態(tài)度”，符合語(yǔ)境。
答案：B
7.解析：在過去一年中你感受到了多少壓力?experience“感受，體會(huì)，體驗(yàn)”，符合語(yǔ)境。
答案：C
8.解析：根據(jù)下文對(duì)研究的敘述可知，此處指研究人員問：“你相信壓力會(huì)對(duì)健康有害嗎?”lead to“導(dǎo)致”，符合語(yǔ)境。
答案：C
9.解析：研究人員以公開的死亡統(tǒng)計(jì)查明被追蹤的人中誰(shuí)去世了。find out“弄清，查明”，符合語(yǔ)境。
答案：A
10.解析：在去年感受到很多壓力的人的死亡率會(huì)增加43%。
答案：A
11.解析：但這只適用于那些也相信壓力對(duì)健康有害的人。that's true for...“這適用于……”。
答案：C
12.解析：參見上題解析。doubt“懷疑”;prove“證明是”;believe“相信”;disagree“不同意”。
答案：C
13.解析：感受到很大壓力的人若不將壓力視為對(duì)健康有害，他們的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就不可能升高。view... as...“把……看作……”。
答案：B
14.解析：參見上題解析。be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”，符合語(yǔ)境。
答案：D
15.解析：事實(shí)上，他們的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最低。故D項(xiàng)正確。
答案：D
16.解析：此處指包括那些壓力相對(duì)較小的研究參與者，故include“包含，包括”，符合句意。
答案：D
17.解析：研究人員估計(jì)，在過去八年的時(shí)間里他們所追蹤的死亡人數(shù)中，182 000個(gè)美國(guó)人過早死亡不是因?yàn)閴毫�，而是因�(yàn)樗麄兿嘈艍毫?duì)健康有害。not...but...“不是……而是……”是固定搭配。故B項(xiàng)正確。
答案：B
18.解析：此處是說如果這個(gè)估計(jì)是正確的。if“如果”在此引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。
答案：A
19.解析：此處指“相信壓力對(duì)健康有害”就成為美國(guó)去年的第15大死因。故cause“起因”，符合句意。
答案：C
20.解析：由前文的“Now, __18__ that estimate is correct, that would make believing stress is...”可知應(yīng)選A。kill“殺害”。
答案：A
