二、閱讀理解(11-30)

　　If the Dakota Access Pipeline(輸油管道) is completed, it will carry nearly half a million bar-rels of oil across four states every day. Energy Transfer Partners (ETP), a Texas-based company behind the $ 3.8 billion project, hopes to finish construction this year. But the Standing Rock Sioux, an American Indian tribe( 部落), is determined to stop the 1,172-mile pipeline from being built. (76)Both sides show no signs of backing down.

　　The Dakota Access Pipeline was announced in 2014. A section of it will run near the Standing Rock Sioux reservation. A reservation is an area of land set aside for American Indians. The tribe says the construction threatens to destroy historical areas and ancient burial sites. They also say the pipeline could pollute their main water source, the Missouri River. In April, the Standing Rock Sioux began a protest against the project. They camped at the construction site. Since then, thou-sands of people, including people from American Indian tribes, have traveled to the site to join the protest.

　　ETP says that the pipeline will have built-in safety measures to protect against oil leaks. Work-ers will also monitor it remotely, and will be able to close valves (閥) within three minutes if leaks are detected.

　　American Indians have been staging a nonviolent protest for months. The protest took a turn last week when police were called to keep the peace between protesters and armed security guards hired by the company.

　　Twenty-eight people have been arrested since then and charged with interfering with the pipeline construction.

　　11.Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?

　　A.The Dakota Access Pipeline will create more markets for oil and gas.

　　B.The Dakota Access Pipeline will create many job opportunities.

　　C.American Indians oppose the construction of an oil pipeline.

　　D.American Indians fight for equal voting rights.

　　答案：C

　　解析： 【定位】第一段第二句話“Energy Transfer Partners…h(huán)opes to finish construction this year.”;第三句話“But the Standing Rock Sioux，an Amefican Indian tribe，is determined to stop the 1，172-mile pipefine from being built.”和第四句話“Bom sides show no signs of back-ing down.”。

　　主旨題。題干問的是“下列哪項表達(dá)了本文的大意?”根據(jù)定位句第一句“ETP

　　公司期望在今年內(nèi)完成輸油管道建設(shè)”，第三句“立巖蘇族決定要中止1172英里長的輸油管道的修建”，第四句“雙方都沒有妥協(xié)的跡象”可知雙方矛盾所在。A項“達(dá)科塔輸油管道將為原油和天然氣創(chuàng)造更多市場”;B項“達(dá)科塔輸油管道將創(chuàng)造更多就業(yè)機(jī)會”;D項“美國印第安人為平等投票權(quán)而戰(zhàn)”在文中均沒有提及。故選C。

　　12.ETP hopes to finish this project in__________.

　　A.2016

　　B.2017

　　C.2018

　　D.2019

　　答案：A

　　解析：【定位】第一段第二句話“Energy Transfer Partners…h(huán)opes to finish construction mis year.”。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問的是“ETP公司希望在哪一年完成工程建設(shè)?”定位句指出“ETP公司期望在今年內(nèi)完成輸油管道建設(shè)”。由于今年是2016年，故選A。

　　13.Why do American Indians protest against the construction of this pipeline?

　　A.Because it will cost up to $ 3.8 billion.

　　B.Because it threatens the region' s water supply.

　　C.Because it will make many people lose their jobs.

　　D.Because it will force many people to leave their homes.

　　答案：B

　　解析：【定位】第二段第五句話“They also say the pipefine could pollute their main water source， the Missouri River.”。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問的是“為什么美國印第安人抗議反對輸油管道的建設(shè)?”根據(jù)定位句“他們同時認(rèn)為管道可能會污染當(dāng)?shù)氐闹饕�水源——密蘇里河”可知，印第安人反對管道建設(shè)的一個原因是擔(dān)心管道會污染水源。A項“因為工程耗資達(dá)38億”，不是印第安人抗議的原因;C項“因為很多人會因此失業(yè)”和D項“這將迫使很多人離開家園”均未在文中提及，故選B。

　　14.According to the passage, the workers can__________ in case of pipeline leaks.

　　A.report it to the local government

　　B.ask people to leave the leak affected areas

　　C.call 911

　　D.close valves

　　答案：D

　　解析：【定位】第三段第二句話“Workers will also monitor it remotely，and will be able to close valves within three minutes if leaks are detected.”。 細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問的是“根據(jù)文章，出現(xiàn)管道泄漏時，工人可以如何應(yīng)對?”定位句“工人們可以進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)有泄露，他們可以在3分鐘之內(nèi)關(guān)上閥門。”表明工人可以關(guān)閉閥門。A項“向當(dāng)?shù)卣�府匯報”;B項“讓人們離開泄漏影響地區(qū)”;C項“打電話給911”，均未在文中提及。故選D。

　　15.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?

　　A.This pipeline will cross four states.

　　B.This pipeline is 1,179. miles long.

　　C.All the protesters are from the Standing Rock Sioux.

　　D.Neither side of the dispute is willing to compromise.

　　答案：C

　　解析：【定位】第一段第一句話“If the Dakota Access Pipeline is completed，it will carry nearly half a million barrels of oil across four states every day.”;第一段第三句話“But the Standing Rock Sioux，an American Indian tribe，is determined to stop the 1，172-mile pipeline from be-ing built.”;第二段最后一句話“Since then，thousands of people，including people from other American Indian tribes，have Raveled to the site to join the protest.”;第一段最后一句話“Both sides show no signs of backing down.”。

　　綜合分析題。題干問的是“根據(jù)文章，下列哪個表述不正確?”根據(jù)定位句分別得出四個選項：A項“如果達(dá)科塔輸油管道完工，每天近50萬桶原油將跨越四個州進(jìn)行輸送�！�;B項“立巖蘇族決定要中止1172英里長的輸油管道的修建”;C項“此后，幾千人，包括美國其他印第安部落的人們紛紛來到工地加入抗議大軍�！�;D項“雙方都沒有表示妥協(xié)的跡象�！�。A、B、D三個選項均符合文中表述，只有C項不完全符合，故選C。

　　As the National Park Service celebrates its 100th anniversary(周年紀(jì)念), President Barack Obama has announced the establishment of one new national monument, and the expansion(擴(kuò)大)of another. In Maine, more than 87,500 acres of forest will become government-protected parkland for the first time. In Hawaii, a national monument created by President George W. Bush in 2006 will expand to about 582,578 square miles, four times its current size.

　　Obama has now created or enlarged 26 national monuments during his presidency. As a result,his administration says, Obama has protected more of the nation' s land than any other president has. But some residents and officials, in both Maine and Hawaii, object to the plans. (78)They say their local economies depend on the use of these areas.

　　In establishing this monument, Obama took the side of conservationists ( 自然資源保護(hù)者)who want laws to protect wild lands. Creating a national park usually requires the approval of Con-gress. But a 1906 federal law allows the president to establish national monuments on his own.

　　The land' s new status as a monument means that mining and drilling operations are forbidden there. (79)It may also severely limit activities such as logging, road-building, and hunting. Some of Maine' s politicians who want to protect the state' s logging industries say Obama should not have acted alone. They say Washington should not tell the states how to use their land, especially when people' s jobs are at stake. Maine politician Susan Collins said the president should have listened to Maine lawmakers and residents, as well as to the U. S. Congress before making his decision.

　　However, those who support the president' s decision say the establishment of the new monu-ment will lead to new jobs through tourism.

　　16.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

　　A.Creating New Jobs

　　B.Protecting Wild Animals

　　C.Stimulating Local Economies

　　D.Creating New National Monuments

　　答案：D

　　解析：第一段第一句話“As the National Park Service celebrates its lOOth anniversary，President Barack Obama has announced the establishment of one new nafional monument，and the expansion of another.”。

　　主旨題。題干問的是“下列哪個最適合做文章的標(biāo)題?”根據(jù)定位句“在美國國家公園管理處慶祝100周年紀(jì)念之際，巴拉克?奧巴馬總統(tǒng)宣布將新建一處并擴(kuò)建另一處國家公園�！笨芍�本文將重點討論國家公園的新建和擴(kuò)建問題。A項“創(chuàng)造新的工作”;B項“保護(hù)野生動物”;C項“刺激當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)”;D項“建立新的國家公園”，只有D項最接近。故選D。

　　17.Obama has established or enlarged __________ national monuments during his two terms.

　　A.19

　　B.20

　　C.26

　　D.30

　　答案：C

　　解析：【定位】第二段第一句話“Obama has now created or enlarged 26 nafional monuments dur-ing his presidency.”。

　　細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問的是“在兩屆任期內(nèi)，奧巴馬已經(jīng)建立或改建了多少處國家公園?”根據(jù)定位句“在其任期內(nèi)，奧巴馬已經(jīng)新建或擴(kuò)建了26處國家公園�！笨芍獮�26處。故選C。

　　18.In national monuments, __________ is forbidden.

　　A.logging

　　B.hunting

　　C.mining

　　D.road-building

　　答案：C

　　解析：【定位】第四段第一句話“The land’s new status as a monument means that mining and drilling operations are forbidden there.”。

　　細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問的是“在國家公園內(nèi)，哪些事是禁止的?”根據(jù)定位句“成為國家公園用地的土地禁止用于采礦和鉆探。”可知采礦(C項)和鉆探是被禁止的，而伐木(A項)、狩獵(B項)和修路(D項)是被限制的，故選C。

　　19.The phrase at stake in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to__________.

　　A.in return

　　B.in danger

　　C.at present

　　D.by chance

　　答案：B

　　解析：【定位】第四段倒數(shù)第二句話“They say Washington should not tell the states how to use their land，especially when people’s jobs are at stake.”。

　　詞匯題。題干問的是“第四段的at stake詞組最接近哪個意思?”定位句“他們說白宮不應(yīng)該干涉各州對土地的使用，特別是當(dāng)威脅到當(dāng)?shù)厝司蜆I(yè)的時候�！北砻鱝t stake有“威脅”的意思。A項“回報”;B項“危險”;C項“目前”;D項“偶爾”。故選B。

　　20.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?

　　A.The national monument in Hawaii was created by President Bush.

　　B.There is no objection to President Obama' s decision.

　　C.President Obama made this decision on his own.

　　D.The establishment of the new monument will lead to new jobs.

　　答案：B

　　解析：【定位】第一段最后一句話“In Hawaii，a national monument created by President George W.Bush in 2006…”;第二段第三句話“But some residents and officials，…，object to theplans.”;第四段第三句話“Some of Maine’s politician…say Obama should not have acted alone.”;最后一段“…those who suppoa the president’S decision say…will lead to new jobs…”。

　　綜合分析題。題干問的是“根據(jù)文章，下列哪項表述不正確?”根據(jù)定位句“在夏威夷，喬治?W?布什總統(tǒng)在2006批準(zhǔn)建立的一處國家公園”可知A項正確;根據(jù)定位句“但是，來自緬因州和夏威夷的一些居民和官員則反對這些計劃�！笨芍狟項不符合文意;根據(jù)定位句“有些緬因州政治家…認(rèn)為奧巴馬不應(yīng)該獨斷專行�！笨芍狢項正確;根據(jù)定位句“支持總統(tǒng)決定的人認(rèn)為新的國家公園的建立會…創(chuàng)造更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會�！笨芍狣項正確。故選B。