Passage 4

　　There are a number of formats for reporting research, such as articles to appear in journals, reports addressed to funding agencies, theses or dissertations as part of the requirements for university degrees, and papers to be presented at conferences. These formats differ from one another mostly in their purposes and the audiences whom they address. We will now briefly describe them.

　　The journal article is a way of reporting research for professional journals or edited collections. The research is reporting in a brief, yet informative way, focusing mostly on the main features of the research such as the purpose, review of the literature (often referred to as "background"), procedures used for carrying out the research accompanied by tables, charts, and graphs, and interpretations of the results (often referred to as discussion).

　　The content and emphasis of the journal article will vary according to the intended readers (research or practitioners) and it is important for the researcher to be aware of the background and interest of the readers of the journal. Articles intended to be read by practitioners will emphasize the practical implications and recommendations of the research, while articles intended to be read by researchers will describe in detail the method used to collect data, the construction of data collection procedures, and the techniques used for analyzing the data. It is important for the novice researcher to be aware of the fact that articles submitted to journals go through a process of evaluation by experts who make a judgment and recommend whether they should be published or not.

　　The thesis or dissertation is a format for reporting research which graduate students write as part of fulfilling the requirements for an advanced academic degree. The student is expected to describe in great detail all the phases of the research so it can be examined and evaluated carefully by the reader. Thus the thesis or dissertation includes the purpose and significance of the study, the rationale, a thorough review of the literature, detailed information as to the research tools and the procedures involved in their development, a description of data analysis and the results, and an interpretation of the results in the form of conclusions, implications, and recommendation. This detailed description of the process of the research is needed to provide the professors with an indication of the student's ability to carry out research.

　　The conference paper is a way of reporting research at conferences, seminars and colloquia. At such meetings research papers are usually presented orally. They are similar to the research article since research is reported in a concise, yet informative way, focusing on the most essential elements of the research. Handouts and transparencies can also accompany the presentations. As with the research article, here too, the content and emphasis of the oral report will depend to a large extent on the type of audience present at the meeting, and whether they are researchers or practitioners ( 486 )

　　56. The best title for this passage could be ______

　　A. Types of Research Reports B. Types of Journal Articles

　　C. Writing of research Reports D. Writing of Different Articles

　　57. The common aspect for the journal articles, theses and conference papers lies in that

　　A. they are all for the practitioners B. they are all to be read by researchers

　　C. they are all for being published D. they are all forms of reporting research

　　58. We can distinguish those research reports from each other mainly through __

　　A. their writing style and length B. their aims and possible audiences

　　C. their presented places and time D. their content and purposes

　　59. Which of the following statements is not mentioned in this passage?

　　A. Both journal articles and conference papers are reported in a brief and informative way

　　B. All the theses or dissertations and conference papers are reported in spoken languages.

　　C. Both the journal articles and conference papers are influenced greatly by the intended receivers.

　　D. The various formats of research reports may be presented in different ways.

　　60. How can a professor evaluate a student's capability of implementing the research.*

　　A. By concentrating on the main factors like the purpose, background, procedures and discussion:

　　B. By emphasizing the practical implications and recommendations of the research.

　　C. By focusing on the detailed description of the process of the research such as the tools, process the process of data analysis, the results, and conclusions etc.

　　D. By noticing the detailed method used to collect the data, the construction of the data collection procedures, the techniques for analyzing the date and results etc.

　　Paper Two

　　Part IV Reading and Answering Questions (25 minutes, 10 points)

　　There is a difference between the state and the law, and I want to describe how, in one crucial sense, family law has" left us alone" too much in the last generation. Family law can regulate family life by answering two very different questions: (1) Should the law define the kinds of relationship and moral commitments that qualify to be protected as "families"? (2) Should the state be allowed to intervene in ongoing family life?

　　Recent family law has been saying no to the first question and yes to the second. Thus the trend in most countries today is toward letting people decide for themselves how and when to form and dissolve marriages and child-care ties. The law imposes few moral commitments on these laissez-faire relationships, but then it encourages broad state intrusion when trying to bandage the wounds among the personal causalities within the family anarchy it has created. By giving higher priority to personal convenience than to family obligation, this legal approach undermines family member's entire sense of commitment and belonging to each other.

　　As a result, we are seeing more single parents than ever before, more illegitimacy, more unmarried cohabitation, and fewer parents really committed to their children. Moreover, many family members now believe their most basic right is to be left alone not left alone by the state, but by each other, even in the family. Indeed, many are quite willing to invoke state power to protect themselves from other family members.

　　Questions :

　　What role should the family law play in protecting the family institution? Is the writer satisfied with the status quo of the family institution? Why or why not?

　　Part V Translation ( 30 minutes, 20 points)

　　Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)

　　一個(gè)人的生命究竟有多大意義，這有什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以衡量嗎?提出一個(gè)絕對的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)當(dāng)然很困難;但是，大體上看一個(gè)人對待生命的態(tài)度是否嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真，看他對待勞動、工作等等的態(tài)度如何，也就不難對這個(gè)人的存在意義做出適當(dāng)?shù)墓烙?jì)了。

　　古來一切有成就的人，都很嚴(yán)肅地對待自己的生命，當(dāng)他活著一天，總要盡量多勞動、多工作、多學(xué)習(xí)，不肯虛度年華，不讓時(shí)間白白地浪費(fèi)掉。我國歷代的勞動人民及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。

　　Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)

　　Directions: Put the following into English. Write your English version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.

　　For people who are fascinated with the lives of public figures there are some forms of media devoted exclusively to this topic. They can satisfy their curiosity by buying fan magazines and watching TV shows devoted to entertainment news. The general media should present all types of information because people have different interests. Furthermore, the practice of dwelling on the private lives of celebrities can lead people to pay more attention to these matters than they otherwise would. Perhaps most importantly, the media should respect the privacy of every individual, including public figures. They may have chosen to be in the public eye, but that does not give the public the right to know everything about them. Moreover, many stories about celebrities are untrue; they are only gossip reported to increase sales of magazines and other media. They are unfair to the famous and mislead the public.

　　For all of these reasons, I believe that the media should pay more attention to matters other than the private lives of public figures. In this way, they can appeal to a wider audience and encourage people to develop other interests.

　　Part VI. Writing (30minutes, 15 points)

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Should We still Cherish Chinese Traditional Virtues. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:

　　1. 當(dāng)今的年輕人越來越強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)性發(fā)展;2. 發(fā)展個(gè)性是否意味著忽視中國的傳統(tǒng)美德;3. 你的觀點(diǎn)。

　　參考答案

　　Section II Cloze (20 x 0.5 =10 points)

　　21-- 25 BDACD 26—30 ABCAD 31-- 35 BACDC

　　Section III Reading Comprehension ( 20x2=40 points )

　　41--45 ABDCA 46—50 DBCAB 51—55 DCBAC 56—60 ADBBC

　　參考譯文：What is the significance of life? Is there any criterion for its measurement? Difficult as it is to advance an absolute one, it will not be so to judge the very meaning of one’s existence generally from whether he is serious about life and what his attitudes are towards work and life.Throughout the ages, all people of accomplishment take their lives seriously. As long as they are alive, they would rather devote themselves to more work and study than let a single minute slip by in vain. And the same is true of the common labourers as well as the great statesmen and thinkers in our country.

　　翻譯答案：

　　因?yàn)橛行┤藢τ诠�眾人物的私生活十分著迷，所以有些媒體就專做這個(gè)主題。通過購買針對歌迷或影迷所發(fā)行的雜志和觀看電視節(jié)目的娛樂新聞，就能滿足這些歌迷和影迷的好奇心。一般媒體應(yīng)該提供所有類型的資訊，因?yàn)槿藗兊呐d趣各不相同。此外，老是強(qiáng)調(diào)名人的私生活，會使人們比平常更注意這些事情�；蛟S最重要的是，媒體應(yīng)該尊重個(gè)人的隱私，包括公眾人物的隱私。他們可能選擇公開露面或上傳播媒體，但那并不表示大眾有權(quán)知道他們的一切。此外，許多關(guān)于名人的報(bào)導(dǎo)并不真實(shí);那些報(bào)導(dǎo)只不過是被用來增加雜志銷售量以及其他媒體業(yè)績的八卦傳聞。那些不實(shí)的報(bào)導(dǎo)不僅對名人不公平，也會誤導(dǎo)大眾。

　　基于這些理由，我認(rèn)為媒體應(yīng)該多注意公眾人物私生活以外的事情。如此一來，媒體就能吸引更廣大的受眾群，并且鼓勵人們培養(yǎng)其他的興趣