2018年學(xué)位英語考試自測(cè)習(xí)題及答案（17）

　　Part I Reading Comprehension (30%)

　　Passage 1

　　Questions I to 5 are based on the following passage:

　　Spending 50 minutes with a cell phone close to your ear is enough to change brain cell activity in the part of the brain closest to the antenna(天線). But whether that causes any harm is not clear, scientists at the National Institute of Health said at a conference last month, adding that the study will not likely settle concerns of a link between cell phones and brain cancer. “What we showed is glucose (葡萄糖) metabolism(代謝)(a sign of brain activity) increases in the brain in people who were exposed to a cell phone in the area closest to the antenna,” said Dr. Nora Volkow of the NIH, whose study was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. (76) The study was meant to examine how the brain reacts to electromagnetic fields caused by wireless phone signals。

　　Volkow said she was surprised that the weak electromagnetic radiation(電磁輻射) from cell phones could affect brain activity, but she said the findings do not shed any light on whether cell phones cause cancer. “This study does not in any way indicate that. What the study does is to show the human brain is sensitive to electromagnetic radiation from cell phone exposures�！� Use of the devices has increased dramatically since they were introduced in the early 1980s, with about 5 billion cell phones now in use worldwide。

　　Some studies have linked cell phone exposure to an increased risk of brain cancers, but a large study bu the World Health Organization did not offer a clear answer to this. Volkow’s team studied 47 people who had their brain examined while a cell phone was turned on for 50 minutes and another while the phone was turned off. While there was no complete change in brain metabolism, they found a 7 percent increase in brain metabolism in the region closest to the cell phone antenna when the phone was on。

　　(77)Experts said the results were interesting, but urged that they be understood with great care. “ Although the biological significance, if any, of increased glucose metabolism from too much cell phone exposure is unknown, the results require further investigation,” Henry Lai of the University of Washington in the U.S. and Dr. Lennart Hardell of University Hospital in Sweden, wrote in an article in JAMA. “Much has to be done to further investigate and understand these effects�！� They wrote。

　　1、According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

　　A.、Cell phone use is dangerous。

　　B、Cell phone use causes cancer。

　　C、The human brain is an electromagnetic field。

　　D、There are about 5 billion cell phone users in the world right now。

　　答案：此類題目我們有三種方法處理：一、暫時(shí)擱置在這里，后面的題目肯定會(huì)給我們有關(guān)信息;二、利用常識(shí)解題法排除部分選項(xiàng);三、帶著選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞一目一行在原文中獵尋有用信息。

　　選項(xiàng)A與B選項(xiàng)里有常識(shí)解題法可以排除，因?yàn)槭謾C(jī)的輻射是對(duì)身體有所危害，但離A與B選項(xiàng)所說的嚴(yán)重性遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠，否則全世界能夠人手一手機(jī)?太嚇人了，應(yīng)該說是“可能”;

　　C選項(xiàng)“人腦是一個(gè)電磁場(chǎng)”，這樣的論調(diào)聞所未聞，可以排除。

　　答案是D。帶著D選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容一目一行，定位在第二段最后一句話。

　　2、Doctor Volkow was astonished because ______。

　　A、her research has shed light on her understanding of cell phone

　　B、she found that cell phone exposure is harmful to human brain

　　C、she found that using a cell phone for about 50 minutes could influence or change brain activity

　　D、human brain is not responsive to electromagnetic radiation

　　答案：B選項(xiàng)可以排除，手機(jī)的輻射對(duì)人腦的危害，這個(gè)說法已經(jīng)早有定論，完全沒有必要她去“found”，馬后炮是也;我們反向思維一下，作者在手機(jī)使用已經(jīng)相當(dāng)相當(dāng)普及的今天，還具文提及手機(jī)輻射的危害，那么說明她一定是有“與眾不同的論調(diào)，發(fā)現(xiàn)”，同時(shí)題干也提及是“astonished”，而非一般的surprise，

　　一目一行瀏覽選項(xiàng)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)只有C選項(xiàng)，才能與題干的astonished 相吻合，答案是C。

　　D選項(xiàng)“人腦對(duì)電磁輻射無動(dòng)于衷”利用常識(shí)排除。

　　認(rèn)證答案：帶著關(guān)鍵詞“Volkow astonished”一目一行定位答案范圍：第二段第一句。定位句說：這微弱的電磁輻射可能影響人的大腦活動(dòng)，但…...答案是C。

　　如果您對(duì)選項(xiàng)中的50 minutes 感到懷疑的話，請(qǐng)你一目一行帶著50 minutes 去獵尋，第一段第一句。(說明是長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的使用，對(duì)人的危害大)。

　　3、According to the passage, cell phones were launched _______。

　　A、in the late 1970s B. between 1980 and 1985

　　C、in the late 1980s D. in the early 1990s

　　答案：此類題目您當(dāng)然得帶著選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞或內(nèi)容去原文中一目一行獵尋。此題目帶著數(shù)字即可。定位答案范圍：第二段最后一句話。

　　In the early 1980s 與B選項(xiàng)相吻合。答案是B。

　　4、What does the word “that” stand for in the second paragraph?

　　A. Brain activity。

　　B. Her research findings。

　　C、The fact that cell phone use may cause cancer。

　　D.、Her research progress。

　　一網(wǎng)支招：此類題目請(qǐng)你找到劃線詞語后，那么答案信息就在劃線詞語的附近，千萬別自作聰明，費(fèi)力不討好而舍近求遠(yuǎn)，反而誤選答案。

　　That 是一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)指代詞，即它指代的東西前面一定已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了，同時(shí)句子中還出現(xiàn)了this，說明信息就在前面一句話。“whether cell phone cause cancer”就是她的study。答案是C。

　　5. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?

　　A. Cell Phone Radiation: Is It Harmful? B. Cell Phone Radiati0n: Is It Useful?

　　C. Cell Phone Radiation: Is It Healthy? D. Cell Phone Radiation: Is It Weak?

　　答案：通過以上題目所提供的信息，我們已經(jīng)對(duì)文章大意已經(jīng)有所了解了：手機(jī)的危害。與此相吻合的選項(xiàng)是A。答案是A。

　　Passage 2

　　Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:

　　Human beings have always had an ability to attend to several things at once. (78) Nor is electronic multitasking entirely new: We’ve been driving while listening to car radios since they became popular in the 1930s. but there is no doubt that multitasking has reached a kind of warp speed in the era of Web-enabled computers, when it has become routine to conduct several IM(及時(shí)通訊)conversations, watch TV and use the computer all at once。

　　But what’s the impact of this media consumption? And how are these multitasking devices changing how kids learn, reason and communicate with one another ?Social scientists and educators are just beginning to deal with these questions, but the researchers already have some strong opinions。

　　(79)Although multitasking kids may be better prepared in some ways for today’s fast-paced work placed, Many scientists are positively alarmed by the trend。 Kids that are instant messaging while doing homework, playing games online and watching TV, aren’t going to do well in the long run。

　　On the positive side, multitasking students tend to be extraordinarily good at finding and using information. And probably because modern childhood centers around visual(視覺的)rather than print media, they are especially skilled at analyzing visual data and images。

　　Many educators and psychologists say parents need to actively ensure that their teenagers break free of uncontrollable engagement with screens and spend time in the physical company of human beings—a growing challenge not just because technology offers such a handy option but because so many teenagers and college students say overcommitted(任務(wù)過量的)schedules drives much of their multitasking。

　　Just as important is for parents and educator to teach kids that it’s valuable, even essential, to occasionally slow down, unplugs and take time to enjoy life beyond the screen。

　　6. What is the main idea of this passage?

　　A. How is multitasking define (定義)in the information age?

　　.B、w do people see new technology and the social change it brings about?

　　C. How does technology change modern family life?

　　D. What’s the impact of multitasking on young people?

　　答案：此類題目請(qǐng)你暫時(shí)擱置在這里。通過完成下面的題目，所獲得的信息，會(huì)對(duì)文章大意的理解有所幫助的。

　　7. The expression “warp speed” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to____。

　　A. Low speed B. Too much time alone。

　　C. high speed D、steady speed

　　答案：_____speed(速度)，如果您的眼睛足夠麻利，您一定會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)原文中的關(guān)鍵詞“computers”，電腦，那在我們的常識(shí)中是“高速度”的代名詞。答案我們就可大膽填入C。

　　認(rèn)證答案：句子大意：毫無疑問，在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代，多任務(wù)處理已經(jīng)達(dá)到了_____，現(xiàn)在人們已經(jīng)習(xí)慣同時(shí)開啟多個(gè)即時(shí)聊天窗口，又看電視，又玩電腦。可知，一個(gè)人同時(shí)做這些事情，速度當(dāng)然不能不快，答案是C。

　　8. According to some teenagers and college students ,what causes their multitasking?

　　A. Overcommitted schedules B. Too much time alone

　　C. Inability to focus D. Fear of being neglected

　　答案：什么引起了青少年和大學(xué)生的mutitasking“多任務(wù)處理”。如果在此能夠知道什么是mutitasking 就好了(第一段第一句就有解釋：人類有一種在同一時(shí)間處理幾件事情的能力，那我們是否就可以理解為中文的“分心”這個(gè)詞語的意思)。我們反向思維，什么原因引起人們“分心”“一心二用”。利用我們的常識(shí)，想做的事情多了，自然而然就分心了。答案是A。

　　認(rèn)證答案：帶著關(guān)鍵詞teenageres and college students 一目一行定位答案范圍：倒數(shù)第二段最后一句話。

　　定位句中的drive 就是題干中的cause 的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。

　　9. According to the passage, which of the following statement is TRUE?

　　A. Humans have begun to engage in the multitasking behaviors since the information age。

　　B. Multitasking is a critical skill that students are required to learn at school。

　　C. Only parents can help their kids to get rid of the multitasking habits。

　　D. multitasking may prepare students for the reality of today’s fast-paces work environment。

　　答案：A選項(xiàng)“自從信息時(shí)代，人們就已經(jīng)開始“分心”，其實(shí)分心應(yīng)該早于信息時(shí)代，準(zhǔn)確地說，原始社會(huì)就有了。(認(rèn)證答案：第一段第二句，in the 1930s)，可以排除;B選項(xiàng)毫無疑問得排除;C選項(xiàng)的“only”這個(gè)詞語告訴我們，此選項(xiàng)太絕對(duì)，信息是錯(cuò)誤的，排除。答案是D。

　　D選項(xiàng)與第三段第一句相吻合。

　　10. What do educators and psychologist advise parents to do their multitasking kids?

　　A. To cut off home internet connection。

　　B. To seek medical treatment。

　　C. To encourage their kids to have some social life。

　　D. to help their kids to set personal goals

　　答案：利用常識(shí)排除A與B選項(xiàng);帶著關(guān)鍵詞“educators and psychologist advised” 一目一行定位答案范圍：最后一段。

　　定位句說：……take time to enjoy life …..答案是C“鼓勵(lì)孩子參加社會(huì)活動(dòng)”。

　　原文中的teach 就是題干中advised 的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。

　　別忘了，返回去完成第六小題。根據(jù)以上題目的完成，我們已經(jīng)明白了文章大意，mutitasking 分心的原因及解決辦法。前面幾道題目都提及了mutitasking(出現(xiàn)的頻率太高)，利用切題解題法，我們知道，文章應(yīng)該與mutitasking 有關(guān)。排除B與C選項(xiàng);

　　A選項(xiàng)范圍太狹隘，可以排除;答案是D“mutitasking 分心對(duì)年輕人的影響”。