Passage 3

　　Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:

　　(79)In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied (多種多樣的). But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? The evidence shows that while variety certainly makes the worker's life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then, variety is not an important factor.

　　(80)Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important. There is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus, although freedom of choice may be important, usually very little can be done to create it.

　　Another important consideration is how much a worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than a large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is degree of the worker's contribution an important factor, therefore, it is also one we can do something about. 'Io what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we make their jobs more interesting, they will want neither more money nor shorter working hours.

　　11. Varied jobs, in writer's opinion, will ____

　　A. offer greater productivity

　　B. drive workers to work harder

　　C. make workers more productive

　　D. make worker's life more enjoyable, but do not make them more hardworking

　　12. According to the passage, freedom can not be easily given since_____

　　A. it is in not what workers care about

　　B. it has nothing to do with increasing productivity

　　C. freedom will do harm to the management

　　D. machines in modern factories must be organized in a fixed way

　　13. Degree of the worker's contribution is greater when_____ .

　　A. a factory possesses more experts

　　B. a factory has many small production lines

　　C. workers enjoy more freedom

　　D. workers work at a large production line

　　14. Workers want more money and shorter working hours to___

　　A. enjoy themselves more after work B. produce greater work flow

　　C. show their great abilities D. challenge the management

　　15. According to the passage, the statement that best describes the writer's attitude is_____

　　A. there are no ways to make workers more productive

　　I3. workers want more variety, freedom and money, but shorter working time and less contribution

　　C. variety, freedom, contribution, more money and shorter working time seem possible factors leading to greater productivity, actually they are not or they are impossible

　　D. it is impossible to make workers work more productively, because the work they do is so boring

　　Part II Vocabulary and Structure (30%)

　　16. Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors expanded _____27%.

　　A. by B. for C. to D. in

　　17. This matter is of_____ importance.

　　A. second B. secure C. safe D. secondary

　　18. __ in this way, the situation doesn't seem so disappointing.

　　A. To look at B. Looking at C. Looked at D. Look at

　　19. I found him_____in a chair, _____.

　　A. sit.., and read B. seated.., reading

　　C. sitting.., and read D. seating.., reading

　　20. Mike's uncle insists_____ in this hotel.

　　A. to stay B. that he stay C. that he would stay D. that he stays

　　21. Government reports, examination, and most business letters are the main situation formal_____ language is used.

　　A. in which B. at which C. on which D. in that

　　22. Do you have any __ of success?

　　A. access B. accident C. possibility D. opportunity

　　23. It is because she is too inexperienced_____ she does not know how to deal with the situation.

　　A. so B. that C. so that D. which

　　24. Some of the houses on the hillside are _____ to cars.

　　A. impossible B. incompetent C. installed D. inaccessible

　　25. Scholars maintain that social development can easily_____ language changes.

　　A. bring up B. bring about C. bring out D. bring forward

　　26. You will __ in hospital if you work so hard.

　　A. die out B. end up C. turn off D. give up

　　27. The question of salary increase will_____ at the next general meeting.

　　A. come off B. come up C. come to D. come through

　　28. We accept anybody regardless_____ nationality.

　　A. to B. for C. of D. in

　　29. _____ it left to me to decide, I would never hesitate to choose the former.

　　A. If B. Were C. Had D. Should

　　30. __ when the phone rang.

　　A. Scarcely I had walked in the door

　　B. Scarcely had I walked in the door

　　C. I had walked scarcely in the door

　　D. I had walked in the door scarcely

　　31. She found her watch _____ she lost it.

　　A. where B. when C. in which D. that

　　32. Jack wishes that he_____ business instead of history when he was in university.

　　A. studied B. study C. had been studied D. had studied

　　33. Peter will __ as managing director when Bill retired.

　　A. take off B. take over C. take up D. take on

　　34. He had no sooner arrived_____ he was asked to leave again.

　　A. then B. as C. than D. when

　　35. The two books are the same_____ this one has an answer key at the back.

　　A. except B. except that C. except for D. besides

　　36. Don't let the child play with knives_____ he cuts himself.

　　A. so that B. now that C. only if D. in case

　　37. I waited for him half an hour, but he never_____

　　A. turned in B. turned down C. turn off D. turn up

　　38. Not until I reminded him for the third time _____watching TV and went to bed.

　　A. that he stopped B. does he stop C. did he stop D. that he stops

　　39. Young__ he is, he knows what is the right.

　　A. that B. as C. although D. however

　　40. When and where the meeting will be held _____a mystery.

　　A. to remain B. remain C. remains D. is remaining