The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: "store in the refrigerator."

　　In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher(肉商), the baker,and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus(剩余的)bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.

　　The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed — natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling…

　　What refrigeration did promote was marketing — marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.

　　Consequently, most of the world's fridges are to be found ,not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house — while outside, nature provides the desired temperatures free of charge.

　　The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don't believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers(漢堡包), but at least you'll get rid of that terrible hum.

　　1.The statement “In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. “ (Line 1, Para. 2) suggests that______.

　　A. the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fifties

　　B. the author was not accustomed to use fridges even in his fifties

　　C. there was no fridge in the author’s home in the 1950s

　　D. the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s

　　Best Answer:C

　　詳解：答案C。所摘引的句中fridgeless Fifties作childhood的定語，說明是在作者自己的童年時代家中沒有電冰箱，那個時代是Fifties，即19503。A,B項中的in his fifties意為“在他五十幾歲的時候“，與題意明顯不符，作者是在談他的童年時代(注意這里fifties首字母是小寫)。D項說五十年代是電冰箱發(fā)展的早期階段，文中并無任何信息支持這一點。

　　2. Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges?

　　A. People would not buy more and than was necessary.

　　B. Food was delivered to people two or three times a week.

　　C. Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily.

　　D. People had effective ways to preserve their food.

　　Best Answer:D

　　詳解：答案D。第三段中列舉了天然冷卻、干燥、煙熏、抹鹽、抹糖、裝瓶等食物保鮮技術，足以證明沒有電冰箱食物也能保存好，不會浪費。A項錯，因為從第二段第三句看，人們沒有電冰箱時也買好幾天的食品，并把剩余的食品做點心吃，并沒有說不敢買超出需要的食品。B項錯，因為只是一部分食品每周送兩、三次，還有的，如牛奶，就是每天送(參見第二段第二句)。C項也錯，因為不是食物本身不容易變壞，而是當時就有保鮮的辦法。

　　3.Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author?

　　A. Inventors.

　　B. Consumers.

　　C. Manufacturers.

　　D. Travelling salesmen.

　　Best Answer:B

　　詳解：答案B。作者在第三段用了little，在第六段又用了insignificant來表達自己的觀點—電冰箱對人(即消費者)沒什么益處。作者在第四段講電冰箱就是對促進各種產品的銷售有好處，當然A項的“發(fā)明家”，C項的“廠家”，D項的“推銷員”要獲益。

　　4.Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph indicates the fridge's negative effect on the environment?

　　A. Hum away continuously.

　　B. Climatically almost unnecessary.

　　C. Artificially-cooled space.

　　D. With mild temperatures.

　　Best Answer:A

　　詳解：答案A。第六段談到電冰箱對環(huán)境的影響時，特別提到運行時的噪音。B項，因為電冰箱在某些地區(qū)從氣候上看幾乎無使用的必要，但這并不是談電冰箱對環(huán)境有何負面影響。C項錯，因為“人為冷卻的空間”這一短語用于說明電冰箱的功能，沒有負面含義。D項錯，因為本短語修飾前面的countries,與電冰箱無關。