現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

　　a. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在所產(chǎn)生的影響，后面通常不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但句中常出現(xiàn)already, just,yet等副詞。如：Someone has broken the window.有人把窗戶打破了。

　　I’ve just finished reading the novel.我剛剛讀完這本小說(shuō)�！　�Have you seen the doctor yet?你看過(guò)醫(yī)生了嗎?

　　注：already和yet用法上的區(qū)別

　　already常用于肯定句，置于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，常用于句末。但already有時(shí)也可用語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)句中暗示驚訝的心情。如：

　　b. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)也可表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作，狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，常和for, since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

　　如： I have learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since he was born.

　　注：

　　(1) for和since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別: for + 一段時(shí)間, since + 一點(diǎn)時(shí)間從句(從句中常用一般過(guò)去時(shí))。

　　(2)表示繼續(xù)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)也可和lately, recently, so far, up to now, till now, in the past(last) few years……, this week (month, year……), all day, all this week等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

　　如：Tom has had a toothache all day.I haven’t heard from him recently.

　　(3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)也可表示從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在曾經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過(guò)或做過(guò)的事情，常和often, ever, never, before, once,…times等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如： .I’ve never been to Beijing.我從沒(méi)去過(guò)北京。He has read this book before.

　　難點(diǎn)釋疑：

　　1.點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別 .

　　所謂點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞是指含有終止或短暫意義的動(dòng)詞。如：begin, end, die, buy, borrow, come, arrive,

　　join, marry等動(dòng)詞。它們通常不與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：I have bought a book.我買了一本書。 .

　　I’ve had this book for three weeks.這本書我已經(jīng)買了三星期了。

　　2. have got的含義 .

　　have got形式上是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，卻和have是同一個(gè)意思

　　She has got a slight temperature. She has a slight temperature.她有點(diǎn)發(fā)燒。

　　3、用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型

　　It is the first / second time.... that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如：

　　It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次訪問(wèn)這城市。

　　This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.　這是我第一次聽(tīng)他唱歌。