1、主語(yǔ)：是句子要說(shuō)明的人或物，可以作主語(yǔ)的成分有名詞，主語(yǔ)一般在句首。注意名詞單數(shù)形式常和冠詞不分家!

　　1)Mr. Lee is a well-known scientist. 名詞作主語(yǔ)

　　2)He reads newspapers everyday. 代詞作主語(yǔ)

　　3)Two and ten is twelve. 數(shù)詞作主語(yǔ)

　　4)Smoking is harmful to the health. 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)

　　5)To swim in that pool is a great pleasure. 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)

　　6)What we shall do next is not yet decided. 從句作主語(yǔ)

　　2、謂語(yǔ)： 說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，狀態(tài)或特征

　　1)The new term begins on the 1st of September.

　　2)His father is an engineer.

　　3)She seemed happy.

　　4)Li Hua showed me his album.

　　3、賓語(yǔ)：指的是及物動(dòng)詞涉及到的人或物

　　1)Wang Ling lent me a novel to read in the bus.

　　2)The medicine is good for a cold.

　　3)How many pieces do you want?

　　4)My little sister always likes to ask questions.

　　5)Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow?

　　6)He asked me what I was going to do tonight

　　4、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：在賓語(yǔ)后面補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、特征。

　　1)The government appointed(任命)her chief delegate (首席代表)to the conference.

　　2)I don‘t believe the story true.

　　3)You should put your things in order(有序).

　　4)The doctor advised her to stay in bed for a week.

　　5)We saw the pupils playing basketball.

　　5、表語(yǔ)：位于系動(dòng)詞如be之后，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)身份，特征，屬性或狀態(tài)。

　　1)Wang‘s father is a doctor.

　　2)He is always careless.

　　3)The basketball match is on.

　　4)All the pupils are on the playground now.

　　5)Our aim is to win more medals.

　　6)His work is teaching French.

　　7)The question is who can really repair the machines.

　　還有位于以下系動(dòng)詞后面的詞，我們也稱之為表語(yǔ)：

　　表示感官的：look--fxgr--seem(看起來(lái))、sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái))、smell(聞起來(lái))、taste(嘗起來(lái))、feel(感覺(jué)起來(lái))：

　　He looks disappointed(形容詞作表語(yǔ))他看起來(lái)很失望。

　　The rubbish smells terrible.垃圾很難聞。

　　表示變化的：get、become、turn(變得)。It becomes hotter and hotter(形容詞作表語(yǔ))。 天變得越來(lái)越熱了。

　　6、定語(yǔ)：是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，翻譯常用‘……的’表示。

　　Tom is a handsome boy. The two boys are students.

　　His boy needs Tom's pen. The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.

　　The boy needs a ball pen. The best boy here is Tom.

　　There is nothing to do today. The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.

　　This is the new dictionary which I bought yesterday.

　　7、狀語(yǔ)：狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，說(shuō)明方式、因果、條件、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。

　　1)She sings quite well.

　　2)On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom.

　　3)He sits there, asking for a pen.

　　4)The boy needs a pen to do his homework.

　　5)If I have some spare time, I will read some story-books.

　　8、同位語(yǔ)是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞對(duì)前者加以說(shuō)明的成分，近乎于后置定語(yǔ)。如：

　　We students should study hard.(students是we的同位語(yǔ)，都是指同一批‘學(xué)生’)

　　We all are students.(all是we的同位語(yǔ)，都指同樣的‘我們’)