成人學(xué)位英語考試輔導(dǎo):現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的差別

　　英語中的分詞分兩種：現(xiàn)在分詞(the present participle)和過去分詞(the past participle)。雖然它們在句子中都可作名詞修飾語、接系動詞補(bǔ)足語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等，但是它們形式不同，而且語義也有差別。

　　現(xiàn)在從四方面舉例說明。

　�、爆F(xiàn)在分詞表示動作是主動的和正在進(jìn)行的(例①-③);過去分詞的動作是被動的和完成的(例④-⑥)：

　�、� The boiling water is hot.

　　② A sleeping baby is good to look at.

　�、� She has a smiling face.

　�、� You can use the boiled water to make tea.

　　⑤ Where is my lost key?

　�、� A broken mirror cannot be repaired.

　　有時，由于兩個動詞“異詞同義”，其分詞也跟著不同 ，如：

　�、遖. Have you seen the man wearing a T-shirt?

　　b. Who is the man dressed in a blue shirt?

　　⑧a. His new book consisting of useful data has been well received.

　　b. Do you like the book made up of untrue stories?

　�、苍谡Z義上，現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞反映的心理狀態(tài)不同。前者有 “令人……”的含義(見例⑨);過去分詞則有“感到……”的意思(見例⑩)：

　�、� The soccer match last night was thrilling.(令人緊張)

　　⑩ The soccer fans were delighted.(感到高興)

　　其他例子有：

　　● amazing: amazed;

　　● annoying: annoyed;

　　● boring: bored;

　　● confusing: confused;

　　● surprising: surprised;

　　● terrifying: terrified

　　試比較11a和b以及12a和b:

　　11a. This is the most confusing system I have ever seen.

　　11b. The children will get confused if asked to learn too much at a time.

　　12a. David came with some surprising news.

　　12b. All were surprised at Sam's sudden resignation.

　�、吃谧髻e語補(bǔ)足語時，如果賓語是有關(guān)分詞邏輯上的主語，就用現(xiàn)在分詞，如�螅�

　　13. The teacher found a student dozing off.

　　14. Don't keep the visitor waiting.

　　如果賓語和有關(guān)分詞有“動詞+賓語”關(guān)系，那么這個分詞就要是過去分詞了，如：

　　15. Where did you get your book printed?

　　16. You should have your office whitewashed.

　　在13里，正在打瞌睡的是賓語“a student”; 在14里，賓語是 “the visitor”。15里，“printed”的賓語是“books”; 16里， “whitewashed”的賓語是“his office”。

　　4.分詞短語相當(dāng)于副詞從句，但現(xiàn)在式表示的是主動的行動，如例��，過去式表示被動的行動，如：

　　17�� Entering the room, she found the wall newly painted.

　　18�� Written in haste, the essay had some errors.