定語從句

　　在復合句中起定語作用的從句叫做定語從句。定語從句分為兩種：限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。本節(jié)主要講解各個關系代詞及關系副詞引導的定語從句、介詞與關系代詞的連用、準關系代詞as，以及非限制性定語從句

　　　1、關系代詞 who，whom，whose，which，that引導的定語從句

　　例1 The company official __ I thought would be fired received a raise .

　　A.whom B.whoever C.who D.of whom

　　【答案】C(1998年40題) 定語從句中I thought 作插入語，who作主語。

　　注：以下情況只用that 不用which 或who:考 易網(wǎng)提供

　　(1)先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時，如：He is the tallest man that I have ever seen.(此處不用who，因為前面有最高級修飾)

　　(2)先行詞前有any，all，the only，the very，the last，no時，如：She is the very person that we are looking for.(此處不能用who，因為前面有the very修飾)

　　(3)先行詞all，little，something，anything，nothing，mush，few等不定式代詞時，如：Is there anything that I can do for you?(此處不用which，因為先行詞位anything)

　　(4)先行詞既有人又有物時，如;We are talking about the persons and the things that we remember.(先行詞為the persons and the things，人和物，故用that)

　　例2 Of those ____ had applied for the jobs，only two were accepted. A.persons B.that C.who D.which

　　【答案】B(1999年考題)

　　2、關系副詞 when，where，，why引導的定語從句

　　例: We live in a time ____，more than ever before in history，people are moving.

　　A.what B.when C.which D.where

　　【答案】B(2006年11月19題)

　　　3、關系代詞前帶介詞的定語從句

　　例1 The tsunami(海嘯)____ over 160，000 people were killed was a terrible disaster for human beings.

　　A.of that B.among which C.during that D.in which

　　【答案】D(2005年11月24題)

　　例2 This is the dictionary ____ Idepend a lot whenever I have peoblems with new words.

　　A.with which B.in which C.on which D.for which

　　【答案】C(2004年4月19題) 注：介詞后面的關系詞不用that。

　　4、準關系代詞as

　　as 也可以用來引導定語從句。用作關系代詞的as通常與such，the same，as連用。或者用在句首，指代后面的一句話，如as is known to all，as we all know，as is often the case 等。

　　例1 I will buy the same shirt as you have. 我將買和你同樣的襯衫。

　　例2 He spoke in such easy English as everybody could understand. 他用大家都可以理解的簡單英語說話。

　　例3 ___ is well-known，the environment in China is badly in need of improvement.

　　A.It B.That C.As D.What

　　【答案】C(2007年4月18題)

　　例4 ____ is well known，the key to success lies in hard work. A.As B.that C.Which D.what

　　【答案】A(2005年4月43題)

　　例5 Do not trust such men ____ often like to praise you to your face. A.who B.that C.as D.they

　　【答案】C(2004年4月34題)

　　5、非限制性定語從句

　　(1)對被修飾的名詞起附加說明，或進一步描述或補充。

　　這種從句有一定的獨立性，即使去掉，主句的意思仍然完整，只是內容相對不夠具體。與主句之間常用逗號分開，所用的關系代詞與限制性定語從句基本相同，但不能用關系詞that引導。

　　例1 It turned out that the man was an excellent policeman working in New York，____ had contributed a lot to the case. A.that B.which C.who D.where

　　【答案】C(2007年4月26題)

　　例2 He was very rude to the customs officer， ____ of course made things even worse.

　　A.who B.whom C.what D.which

　　【答案】D(2006年4月21題)

　　(2)名詞(代詞)+ 介詞 + 關系代詞。

　　例1 The writer has published many books， ____ are well received by the readers.

　　A.none of whom B.all of which C.neither of who D.one of which

　　【答案】B(2004年4月17題)

　　關系代詞修飾的是指物的名詞。因此用which;根據(jù)本句的句意，要選肯定句。本句的意思是：這位作者出版了好多書，都非常受讀者的歡迎。

　　例2 The United States is composed of fifty states，two of ___ are separated from the others by land or water.

　　A.them B.that C.which D.those

　　【答案】C(2003年23題)