D

　　Researchers have found that REM ( rapid eye movement) sleep is important to human beings. This type of sleep generally occurs four or five times during one night of sleep lasting five minutes to forty minutes for each occurrence. The deeper a person’s sleep becomes, the longer the periods of rapid eye movement.

　　There are physical charges in the body to show that a person has changed from NREM (non-rapid eye movement) to REM sleep. Breathing becomes faster, the heart rate increases, and, as the name implies, the eyes begin to move quickly.

　　Accompanying these physical changes in the body is a very important characteristic of REM sleep. It is during REM sleep that a person dreams.

　　101. According to the passage, how often does REM sleep occur in one night?

　　A. once B. twice

　　C. four of five times D. forty times

　　102. The word “deeper” in paragraph one is closest in meaning to which of the following?

　　A. heavier B. louder

　　C. stronger D. happier

　　103. Which of the following shows that a person is NOT dreaming in his sleep?

　　A. His eyes begin to move.

　　B. His breathing becomes faster.

　　C. His heart rate increases.

　　D. His eyes stop moving.

　　104. The subject of this passage is .

　　A. why people sleep

　　B. the human need for REM sleep

　　C. the characteristic of REM sleep

　　D. physical changes in the human body

　　E

　　There’s a time to get angry. And it，s best for your child if you do. Let’s say your child hits a playmate with a toy-hard enough to make the other child cry. How can you teach your child to feel sorry so he or she won’t do it again? Researchers say the best way for parents to react is to show their anger and to let the child know exactly why they are mad.

　　Many parents believe that it is best to control their feelings and to wait until they’re calm before scolding their children. But the mother or father who explains reasonably to a child, “Peter was crying because you hit him,”is not likely to attract much attention. Young children need to be scolded immediately, and strongly, before they’ll take criticism (批評(píng))to heart.

　　When your young child does something wrong, scold him or her seriously at once. At the same time be sure to tell the child clearly what he or she has done wrong. An angry reaction without an immediate explanation does little good. Forbidding a child to play outside or not allowing him to watch TV as a punishment works well—but only when taken together with an explanation. Make certain your child understands that although his or her wrongdoing has made you angry, you still love him or her. Use simple, direct words such as, “You hurt Peter. How would you feel if he hit you? You must never, never hurt people. ” If your voice expresses strong feeling clearly, your message will carry enough weight.

　　105. According to researchers, how should parents react when their child did something wrong?

　　A. Ask the child not to do it again any time.

　　B. Let the child know what exactly happened.

　　C. Teach the child why and how to say sorry to others.

　　D. Show the child how angry they are and tell him or her why.

　　106. What do many parents think they should do with the wrong doer?

　　A. Speak strongly and angrily to him.

　　B. Hide their feelings when talking to him.

　　C. Explain immediately why he was wrong.

　　D. Calm themselves down before scolding him.

　　107. What could be the best tide for the text?

　　A. Best Ways to Stop Children’s Wrongdoings

　　B. Differences among Parents in Dealing with Children

　　C. Different ways to Deal with Children’s Wrongdoings

　　D. Research on Preventing Children from Hurting Others