不定代詞

　　一、“every”(每一個(gè))只作為定語使用，即必須在其后加上單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞構(gòu)成名詞短語，它不可與everyone(每一個(gè))混淆。 everyone相當(dāng)于名詞，它不可修飾其他名詞，只作主語或賓語

　　1) Every [A] knows that hospitals are institutions where the sick are treated， but how many [B] realize that they were once [C] homes for the indigent and the friendless [D] ?

　　2) Everyone [A] child in the United States must [B] receive [C] some form of educational instruction [D] .

　　例題解析

　　1) A錯(cuò)。every不可單獨(dú)充當(dāng)句子成分，應(yīng)在其后加上person或改為everyone.

　　2) A錯(cuò)。改為Every，修飾child.

　　二、“much”和“many”分別修飾不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞，可作為代詞(如much of)和形容詞使用

　　3) Food seasoning plays an important [A] role in the cooking [B] customs of much [C] cultures in [D] the world.

　　4) The general sales tax has been [A] a major source of income for state governments， much [B] of which derive more than half [C] of their budgets from [D] it.

　　5) Data received from [A] two spacecraft indicate that there is many evidence [B] that huge thunderstorms are now occurring [C] around the equator [D] of the planet Saturn.

　　例題解析

　　3) C錯(cuò)。應(yīng)改為of many，因?yàn)楸恍揎椩~cultures為可數(shù)名詞，故其修飾語應(yīng)用many，而much要修飾不可數(shù)名詞。

　　4) B錯(cuò)。應(yīng)改用many，因此處所指代的是可數(shù)名詞governments(復(fù)數(shù))，many在本句中為代詞，作非限定性定語從句的主語。

　　5) B錯(cuò)。應(yīng)改為much evidence，因?yàn)閑vidence(證據(jù)，跡象)為不可數(shù)名詞，故應(yīng)用much來修飾。

　　三、 “some”和“any”是表示不定數(shù)量的代詞，相當(dāng)于漢語的“一些”，作定語可修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，其中some(包括它的合成詞something，someone， somebody)多用于肯定句，而any(包括它的合成詞anything， anyone， anybody)則用于疑問句和否定句中，其中any在否定句中相當(dāng)于漢語中的“任何”;形容詞修飾something， someone， somebody， anything， anyone， anybody， nothing， nobody時(shí)，形容詞要放在這些詞的后邊

　　6) Historians [A] have never reached some general [B] agreement about [C] the precise causes of the [D] Civil War in the United States.

　　例題解析

　　6) B錯(cuò)。應(yīng)為any general，因?yàn)楸揪錇榉穸ň?否定副詞never)，應(yīng)該用any，此處表示“(沒有達(dá)成過) 任何共識(shí)”。

　　四、“another”和“other”分別表示“另外的一個(gè)”(an+other)和“另外的”“其余的”意思，可以用作定語修飾名詞或單獨(dú)作主語與賓語，其中前者只用來修飾或指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，后者修飾單復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，二者不能相互混淆

　　7) Lizards lack [A] the built�瞚n body temperature control [B] many another [C] creatures possess [D] .

　　8) Some bacterium are extremely [A] harmful， but anothers [B] are regularly [C] used in producing cheeses， crackers， and many other foods [D] .

　　9) Like [A] most another [B] art forms， the Greek tragedy had [C] its origins in religious [D] observances.

　　例題解析

　　7) C錯(cuò)。應(yīng)改用other來修飾可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞creatures.本句是一個(gè)省略了關(guān)系代詞that(或which)的定語從句，control為名詞作主句中及物動(dòng)詞(謂語)lack的賓語，同時(shí)又受其后面定語從句的修飾。

　　8) B錯(cuò)。 改為others.

　　9) B錯(cuò)。 改為other.

　　五、one與other “one”作為代詞代替前面提到的人或物，它前邊加the; “other”作代詞修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞。 “one…another”表示“一個(gè)…另一個(gè)”的意思，或表示多個(gè)(三者以上)之中的“另一個(gè)”，“又一個(gè)”; “one…the other”表示兩者之中剩下的“另一個(gè)，又一個(gè)”

　　10) I’d like to [A] buy a coat similar [B] to one [C] you are wearing [D] .

　　11) Though [A] Art Tatum was totally blind in one eye and had only slight [B] vision in another [C] ， he became [D] an internationally renowned jazz musician.