名詞在句子中的作用:名詞在句子中可以作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語、定語,有時(shí)可以作狀語。
名詞、代詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上必須不主語保持一致。
、.主語是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;主語是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
All roads lead to Rome。(條條大路通羅馬。)
His brother is an industrial engineer 。
The number of the students attending the party is increasing。
★the number of 表示數(shù)量,無論后面名詞是復(fù)數(shù)還是單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)形式。
Two-thirds of the shop belongs to me。
★two-thirds 三分之二
幾分之幾作主語,謂語是單數(shù)形式。
belong to 屬于某人
Both of us are studying English。
★總結(jié):在名詞作主語時(shí),the number of 謂語動(dòng)詞單數(shù)形式;
幾分之幾,謂語單數(shù)形式;
both 謂語使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
、凇⒅髡Z是不可數(shù)名詞、不定式或動(dòng)名詞詞組、從句時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
All the money he received was given to his mother 。
Forgetting the past means betrayal。
What we are talking now is useless 。
、.主語部分若有as well as, with, together with, like, but, except 等短語,謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)不短語前面的名詞一致。
Mary, as well as her two sisters, is a student of this school。
(as well as her two sisters 作主語Mary 的主語補(bǔ)足語,主語 Mary 是單數(shù),所以謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式)
No one except my friends knows anything about it。
、.表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、價(jià)值等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),如果當(dāng)作整體看待,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)
形式!啊+(×)…=…”算式中的謂語動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式。
Three times two is six 。
Three kilometers is 3,ooo metres. (three kilometers 作為整體來看)
⑤.Either, neither 作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
Neither of us has been to Italy。
Has either of them been to Shanghai?
none 代表可數(shù)的人或東西時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞可以用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù),代表不可數(shù)的東西時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
None of the students have/has seen the film 。
None of the money belongs to me 。
、.主語由 either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also 連接時(shí),謂語形式由最鄰近的主語決定。
Not only you but also I am wrong。
Neither my aunt nor I am going out this afternoon 。
Either you or she is to do the work。
⑦.主語中有and,如果表示單一概念,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
The bread and butter is nice。
⑧.主語前有many a, more than one 修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
Many a book has been read by the students。
★many a book=many books
More than one person has been to the Great Wall 。
⑨.集合名詞作主語,當(dāng)作整體看待時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,當(dāng)作每個(gè)獨(dú)立的個(gè)體看待時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
The committee meets once a year. (作為整體)
The committee are having a meeting now. (作為獨(dú)立個(gè)體)
People, police 作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
The police have come to arrest him。
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