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2018成人高考專升本《英語》考前提分試題及答案（13）
I . Phonetics (5 points)
Directions: In each of the following groups of words, there are four underlined letters or letter combinations marked A, B, C and D. Compare the underlined parts and identify the one that is different from the others in pronunciation.Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
1. A. decade
B. aggressive
C. ancestor
D. bacteria
2. A. architect
B. biochemistry
C. butcher
D. ache
3. A. client
B. convenient
C. society
D. anxiety
4. A. rough
B. daughter
C. delight
D. through
5. A. avenue
B. argue
C. barbecue
D. clue
II. Vocabulary and Structure (15 points)
Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
6. The New York police were very anxious__________about the crime.
A. learn more
B. learning more
C. to learn more
D. more to learn
7. Out__________after the class was over.
A. did children rush
B. rushed children
C. children rush
D. do children rush
8. This is one of the most beautiful pictures of scenery that__________displayed here.
A. is
B. are
C. has been
D. have been
9. When you're ready, I'll take you to __________ airport.
A. /
B. the
C. a
D. an
10. For a late drink, come to our nightclub,__________stays open until 4 : 00 a. m.
A. where
B. that
C. which
D. what
11. -- It is not very cold. I don't think we need these big jackets.
-- I don't think so,__________.
A. anyway
B. neither
C. either
D. too
12. The tenants were asked to throw all recyclable trash into__________.
A. the big green plastic bag
B. the green big plastic bag
C. the big plastic green bag
D. the green plastic big bag
13.__________getting the highest result in the class, John still had problems with classmates.
A. Despite of
B. In spite of
C. Even though
D. Nonetheless
14. Our kitchen is a mess. We__________any cleaning for weeks.
A. didn't do
B. haven't been doing
C. don't do
D. haven't done
15. Open the window, __________?
A. do you
B. don't you
C. will you
D. won't you
16. Joseph, the politician who __________ last week, has been released unharmed.
A. is kidnapped
B. was kidnapped
C. has been kidnapped
D. had been kidnapped
17. A number is an abstraction__________no physical existence.
A. has
B. to have
C. that has
D. who has
18. You cannot ignore the situation forever, one day you will have to __________ the consequences of your act.
A. look up to
B. wake up to
C. stand up to
D. face up to
19. They had all stayed on the ninth floor of the Metropole Hotel in Hong Kong in __________ half of February.
A. the second
B. second
C. the two
D. two
20. Women who apply for jobs in middle or senior management have__________success than men, according to an employment survey.
A. much higher
B. a very higher
C. a much higher
D. far higher
�、�. Cloze (30 points)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, Cand D.Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackening thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
On the anniversary of the artist's birth, Van Gogh's Sunflowers was 21for just under ￡25 million at the fine art auctioneers (怕邁商), Christie's, in London. The 22 was triple the previous record of￡ 8 million paid in 1985 for Mantegna's Adoration of the Magi. At least ten bidders23 for the painting, half 24 telephone, anonymously battling it out in leaps of ~500,000.
Van Gogh wrote in a letter of 1889 that one of these Scots or Americans 25to pay 500 francs--about ￡ 25 at that time -- for 26 a painting.
Christie's chairman 27reporters after the sale, "it's a rare picture. " A spokesman for the firm added, "It's fantastic. " Not 28who was at the auction agreed.One commented, " More money29sense. "
Many people do 30 uneasy that a picture could be auctioned for such an unbelievable sum.
They find distasteful the contrast 31this sort of money and the impoverished life of the painter 32Van Gogh, once a lay preacher among the miners of Belgium, was more 33 in producing work that dignified labor than he was in selling for a profit.Depressive, poor, unrecognized and 34 suicidal, he remains a romantic figure in the public 35.
21. A. bought
B. sold
C. displayed
D. shown
22. A. price
B. money
C. sum
D. collection
23. A. competed
B. shouted
C. fought
D. argued
24. A. on
B. under
C. off
D. by
25. A. must
B. might
C. ought
D. could
26. A. so
B. this
C. very
D. such
27. A. said
B. spoke
C. told
D. agreed
28. A. all
B. everyone
C. none
D. anyone
29. A. to
B. than
C. better
D. over
30. A. felt
B. think
C. feel
D. thought
31. A. between
B. among
C. of
D. like
32. A. his own
B. him
C. Own
D. himself
33. A. upset
B. interested
C. happy
D. gloomy
34. A. eventually
B. finally
C. last
D. at end
35. A. mind
B. brain
C. thought
D. imagination
IV. Reading Comprehension (60 points)
Directions: There are five reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by four questions. For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose one best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Passage One
Two hundred years ago, American students went to American schools.Like you, they studied arithmetic, spelling and geography. Unlike you, they also studied Greek and Latin. In fact, students spent more than half their time studying Greek and Latin.
The same was true for most students in Europe. Until the seventh century, all educated Europeans knew Latin.It did not matter if they lived in England or Italy or France or Spain.If they were educated, they knew Latin.
During the seventh century, educated Europeans began to study Greek as well as Latin. Greek and Latin had been the leading languages of the ancient Greeks and Romans. All educated Europeans were expected to know these languages.
To educated Europeans, the languages ofthe Greeks and the Romans were important. The ideas of the Greeks and Romans were also important. People knew that many of their own ideas had come from the Greeks and the Romans. To understand their own culture, they must understand its origin.
They knew that those beginnings lay in the classical world.
Today we have so many things to study that few people have time to learn Greek and Latin. Few of you will study either language in school. Yet the ideas of the Greeks and the Romans are still important to us. These ideas still help to shape Western culture today. To understand our own culture, we must understand the culture of the classical world.
36. A good synonym for "origin" is__________.
A. people
B. future
C. beginning
D. culture
37. According to this passage, all educated Europeans of the seventh century were expected to study__________.
A. physical science and chemistry
B. Greek and Latin
C. democracy and communism
D. French and Spanish
35. Today, most of people won't study either Greek or Latin because__________.
A. they are no longer important
B. people do not have enough time
C. they are no longer existed
D. people can not learn them well
39. What can we conclude from this passage?
A. Greeks and Romans significantly influenced European culture.
B. The Greeks were the founders of democracy.
C. The Greeks and Romans were bitter enemies.
D. People of the classical world were barbaric and uneducated.
Passage Two
Would you eat a bacon, lettuce and love apple sandwich? You probably have eaten many of them.
Love apple was the name used many years ago for the tomato.
The tomato is originally an American plant.It was found in South America by early Spanish explorers. The word tomato comes from the native Nahuatl word tomatl. But when it moved north, the plant earned a different name. Remarkably, the settlers in North America thought it was poisonous.
They believed that to eat it was surely to die. It was said that deserted suitors would threaten to eat a tomato to cause their coldhearted lovers regret. Because of this legend, the settlers called the tomato a"love apple. " While people enjoyed other native plants such as corn and sweet potatoes, everyone avoided the tomato.
No one knows who first dared to eat a tomato. Perhaps someone was brave enough, or lovesick enough, to try out the truth of the rumors. Of course, whoever ate this fruit was perfectly safe. No one died from eating a love apple. Still, it was many years before the people fully believed that the tomato was a safe, and even good food. But its use did become common, and the plant was sent across the ocean to become part of many traditional European dishes.
40. The language from which we derived the word tomato is
A. Portuguese
B. Spanish
C. Nahuatl
D. European
41. North American people didn't eat tomatoes at first because__________.
A. they had too much other food
B. they mistakenly thought they were poisonous
C. settlers ate only traditional European foods
D. no one liked the taste
42. The underlined word "suitor" in the second paragraph means__________.
A. boyfriend
B. launderer
C. tailor
D. explorer
43. A good title for this passage would be__________.
A. Life in Early America
B. What Happens to the Brokenhearted
C. The History of the Tomato
D. Vegetables in Our Diet
Passage Three
Nature has devised many ways to protect creatures' eyes.The most common protection is the eyelid--a fold of skin that closes over the eye, protecting it from damage. Eyelashes are useful for keeping out dust and other irritants, and tears wash away any particles that get through the other defenses.
Some creatures, including most birds, have three eyelids.The upper and lower lids act like human lids and keep out twigs, dirt and sand. The third eyelid, however, is a semitransparent tissue that crosses over the eye from the inside corner to the outside corner.Because of this protective membrane, birds seldom have to blink. They close their eyes only when they go to sleep. In ducks,this third eyelid self as an underwater diving mask that helps the ducks find food.
Most fish and snakes have no eyelids at all. Instead, a hard glassy covering protects their eyes. In fish, water constantly sweeps away dirt from the covering. And a snake's eyesight is usually so bad that a little dirt obscuring its vision does not disturb it greatly.
Eyelashes defend the eye by shading it from glare. They also act like miniature brushes to remove dust. Camels have lashes that are four inches long to protect their eyes from windblown sand in the desert.
44. A camel has long eyelashes__________.
A. to keep windblown sand out of its eyes
B. that get in the way of its sight
C. to help it see better
D. to attract other camels
45. The writer implies that eyelids are__________.
A. not found on lizards
B. nice to look at
C. always covered with eyelashes
D. the most effective eye protection
46. The author compares the duck's third eyelid to a__________.
A. tissue
B. glassy covering
C. tiny brush
D. diving mask
47. A good title for this passage would be__________.
A. Look Out
B. Birds' Eyes
C. Eyes in the Night
D. Protecting the Eye
Passage Four
As part of an ongoing campaign against polyvinyl chloride (聚氯乙烯), a Virginia-based environmental advocacy group today called on manufacturers and retailers to phase out its use in shower curtains. The Center for Health, Environment and Justice ( CHEJ), released the results of a small study indicating that PVC (聚氯乙烯)-containing shower curtains are capable of emitting scores of potentially harmful materials, into people's bathrooms. A previous study, conducted by Environmental Protection Agency researchers, also found that plastic shower curtains can emit toxic compounds into the air.
There's still debate among scientists about just how serious the health effects are especially at low doses. However, CHEJ urges consumers to avoid using PVC shower curtains, as well as many otherPVC products.
For people who are concerned about their shower curtains, there are alternatives. IKEA phased out PVC shower curtains 11 years ago, switching to ethylene vinyl acetate(乙烯醋酸共聚物). The company has said that 88 percent of its shower curtains would be PVC free by spring of 2008.
Manufacturers are not required to label shower curtains, but some do list" PVC" or" vinyl"on the packaging. Numerous online retailers, sell shower curtains--primarily cotton or hemp--that are free of PVC. However, mildew(發(fā)霉) can be a problem with cotton and hemp products.
48. What did the study released by the Center for Health, Environment and Justice show?
A. That PVC stands for polyvinyl chloride.
B. Manufacturers are not required to label shower curtains.
C. That most shower curtains sold at IKEA are made from PVC.
D. That PVC shower curtains may release potentially harmful materials.
49. What material are the shower curtains sold at IKEA made from?
A. Ethylene vinyl acetate.
B. Polyvinyl chloride.
C. Cotton.
D. PVC and EVA.
50. What's the biggest problem with hemp and cotton shower curtains?
A. They are see-through.
B. They are too expensive.
C. They may cause mildew.
D. They emit harmful materials.
51. Is it easy for consumers to tell that a shower curtain is made from PVC?
A. Yes, that information is always on the shower curtain label.
B. Not always, because shower curtains don't have to be labeled.
C. Yes, but only if they're made by IKEA after 2008.
D. No, because they only contain low doses of PVC.
Passage Five
Companies that employ illegal immigrants are to be named and shamed in a further attempt to crack down on people smuggling.The move by the Home Office comes four months after officials launched a concerted effort to identify and prosecute companies breaking the law.More than 200 companies have already been fined for hiring illegal labor. The Home Office says names of companies and directors are to be published on the UK Border Agency website. The agency will publish how many illegal immigrants the company was employing and how much it was fined.
By May this year there had been 137 prosecutions under the new rules leading to fines totaling500,000--almost 3,000 per firm.The total number of prosecutions was 10 times more than were carried out in 2007, and double the total for the previous decade.
Immigration chiefs are also switching their focus from small-time illegal employers,such as takeaway restaurants, in an effort to major organized criminal enterprises supplying illegal labor, often relying on international networks to smuggle people into the UK.
Some 7,500 immigration officers will be re-organized into more localized teams with police and customs officials in an effort to better target what the Home Office says are illegal working hotspots.
These could include areas of the economy where there is a high demand for labor including agriculture,construction and hospitality.Nobody knows how many people are working without permission in theUK--although estimates put the number of illegal residents at more than 500,000.
Trade Union leaders have also raised concerns about the government's strategy, arguing that it could drive the worst employers further underground, penalizing exceptionally poor workers unable to break out of a situation they did not necessarily choose.
52. What has happened in the first four months of the campaign to crack down on companies hiring illegal workers?
A. Nothing. The campaign is still in its beginning stage.
B.7,500 immigration officers will be re-organized into more localized teams.
C.200 companies have been fined.
D.3,000 small-time illegal employers have been cracked down.
53. What steps will officials take to "shame" these companies?
A. They will publish their names as well as the details of the offence online.
B. They will shut down their business.
C. They will inform the police about the illegal hiring.
D. They will give poor workers working permission.
54. Immigration officials are now focusing on__________.
A. small-time illegal employers B. fining individual workers
C. large-scale organized criminal operationsD. the government's strategy
55. Trade Union officials fear that this new campaign (戰(zhàn)役) might end up unjustly penalizing __________, by driving the employers further underground.
A. employers
B. workers
C. illegal residents
D. companies
V. Daily Conversation (15 points)
Directions: Pick out five appropriate expressions from the eight choices below and complete the following dialogue by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
A. Hold the line
B. flight number
C. ask a question
D. To New York
E. May I have your name
F. reconfirm my seat
G. please check in
H. On May 11
Reservations clerk: Northwind Airlines. Can I help you?
Daniel Adams: Hello. I'd like to 56, please.
Reservations clerk: May I have your name and 57, please?
Daniel Adams: My name is Daniel Adams and my flight number is 374.
Reservations clerk: When are you leaving?
Daniel Adams : 58.
Reservations clerk: And your destination?
Daniel Adams: Buenos Aires.
Reservations clerk: 59, please. (...) All right. Your seat is confirmed, Mr. Adams. You'll be arriving in Buenos Aires at 4 o' clock p.m. local time.
Daniel Adams: Thank you. Can I pick up my ticket when I check in?
Reservations clerk: Yes, but 60 at least one hour before departure time.
VI. Writing (25 points)
Directions: For this part, you are supposed to write a letter in English in 100-120 words based on the following situation. Remember to write it clearly.
61.你(Li Yuan)剛買了一塊表，但你不滿意，因為它總有毛病。寫一封投訴信，其內(nèi)容如下：
(1)買表的時間、地點;
(2)出現(xiàn)的問題;
(3)要求退貨
參考答案及解析：
11·Vocabulary and Structure
【答案】
6.C 7.A 8.D 9.Bl0.Cll.Cl2.Al3.Bl4.Dl5.Cl6.Bl7.C
18.Dl9.A20.C
【解析】
6.Be anxious to do sth渴望做某事。選項C是正確的�！揪渥哟笠狻考~約警察急切地想知道更多的有關(guān)這一罪行的信息。
7.副詞前置到句首表示強調(diào)，此時，該句的主謂應(yīng)倒裝。主謂倒裝時助動詞移至主語前，排除選項B。原句的時態(tài)為過去時，應(yīng)選過去式的助動詞。選項A是正確的。這種句型與Herecomes the bus是不同的。前者是強調(diào)行為，后者說明時間：車來了。表示車剛剛到。【句子大意】
一下課孩子們就沖了出去。
8.定語從句的先行詞(pictures)是名詞復(fù)數(shù)時，從句中的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式(that代表pictures)。這里時間是從過去到現(xiàn)在，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。選項D是正確的。【句子大意】這是這里展出的最漂亮的風(fēng)景照之一。
9.To the airport是比較固定的用法，airport前加定冠詞。選項B是正確的�！揪渥哟笠狻磕銣�(zhǔn)備好了我就送你去機場。
10.非限制性定語從句應(yīng)用which連接，因此選項C是正確的�！揪渥哟笠狻客砩舷牒赛c兒什么，請到我們夜總會來。我們一直營業(yè)到凌晨4點。
11.T00用于肯定句，表示也。Either用于否定句，表示也。Neither用于肯定句，表示否定的意思。選項C是正確的�！揪渥哟笠狻刻鞖獠⒉焕�，我覺得我們不需要這些外套。我也覺得不需要。
12.形容詞的排列順序一般為表示特征的形容詞在前，表示性質(zhì)的形容詞在后。選項A是正確的。【句子大意】要求房客將可回收的垃圾扔人大的綠色塑料袋子中。
13.Despite=in spite of盡管，even though即便，nonetheless然而。注意，despite后沒有of。
選項B是正確的。【句子大意】盡管約翰在班上的學(xué)習(xí)成績最好，但他跟同學(xué)的關(guān)系不是很好。
14.從過去到現(xiàn)在一直發(fā)生的動作并且強調(diào)的是結(jié)果，采用現(xiàn)在完成時。選項D是正確的�！揪渥哟笠狻课覀兊膹N房簡直是一團(tuán)糟，我們已經(jīng)好幾個星期沒有打掃了。
15.祈使句的反問疑問句，疑問部分用will you。選項C是正確的�！揪渥哟笠狻看蜷_窗戶，好嗎?
16.上個星期發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用一般過去時。選項B是正確的�！揪渥哟笠狻可蟼�星期被綁架的政治家Joseph已經(jīng)被釋放了，未受傷害。
17.這句話要求補全定語從句，排除選項A和B。修飾語是物時應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)，選項C是正確的�！揪渥哟笠狻繑�(shù)字是沒有物理存在的抽象概念。
18.Look up to仰望、尊敬，wake up to認(rèn)識到，stand up to忍耐、經(jīng)受，face up to勇敢地面對。
選項D是正確的。【句子大意】你不可能永遠(yuǎn)地忽視這個情形，總有一天你不得不面對你自己造成的后果。
19.表示前一半或后一半要用序數(shù)詞，序數(shù)詞前加定冠詞。選項A是正確的。【句子大意】二月份的后半個月他們?nèi)甲≡谙愀鄣腗etropole大酒店的第九層。
20.比較級應(yīng)用much修飾，表示……得多。Success在這里是可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用不定冠詞a。選項C是正確的�！揪渥哟笠狻扛鶕�(jù)職業(yè)調(diào)查，女性在申請中高級別的管理職位時，其成功率比男性高得多。
�、�.Cloze
【答案】
21.B 22.A 23.A 24.D25.C26.D27.C28.B29.B30.C31.B
32.D33.B34.A35.D
【解析】
21.根據(jù)單詞auctioneers拍賣商給出的具體的錢數(shù)，可以知道這句話的大概意思：一幅梵·高的作品《向日葵》拍賣到多少錢。這里應(yīng)是售出。選項B是正確的。
22.這個空的后面提到以前付過的價錢，這里應(yīng)指這個價格是以前的多少倍。選項A是正確的。
23.前面已經(jīng)說了是拍賣，bidder可估計是投標(biāo)者，為了這幅畫競爭。這種競爭不是肢體上的爭斗fight，也不是口頭上的爭論argue，當(dāng)然也不是喊叫shout了。選項A是正確的。
24.通過電話競買這幅畫。By經(jīng)、由，如果用on，名詞前應(yīng)有定冠詞。選項D是正確的。
25.這里實際指價值多少，應(yīng)付多少。Must表示一定、必須，語氣很強;might表示可能，could表示能夠，均與上下文語氣不符。選項C是正確的。
26.so，very，such都表示強調(diào)，但so 后應(yīng)跟形容詞，this和very后應(yīng)跟名詞，但其與名詞間不能有冠詞。選項D是正確的。
27.當(dāng)用于對某人說某事或爭論時，say和speak后不能直接跟某人。選項C是正確的。
28.Who was表明所修飾的人是單數(shù)。選項B是正確的。
29.前面有more，表明是比較級：more…than。再根據(jù)上下文：花那么多錢買一幅畫并不是所有的人都贊同。選項B是正確的。
30.Do表示強調(diào)，修飾動詞，被修飾的動詞應(yīng)用原型。根據(jù)后面所說，畫家的實際生活和他的畫的價值具有相當(dāng)大的反差。所以人們覺得不舒服，但不能說認(rèn)為不舒服。選項C是正確的。
31.表示二者之間用between。三者及以上用amon9。選項B是正確的。
32.這里應(yīng)指畫家自己個人的生活。選項D是正確的。
33.More…than的句型說明畫家傾向于前者而不是后者，空后有介詞in，可以斷定選項B是正確的。
34.前面列舉了幾個形容畫家悲慘生活的詞，最后的詞是自殺，這里應(yīng)是“最終”。Finally終于，last最后，at end結(jié)尾。選項A是正確的。
35.全篇講了畫家的畫在今天的價值，又說了畫家生前的生活，由此，畫家的畫和畫家的生活是人們不可思議的，所以說是給人們留下了無窮的想象。選項D是正確的。
【原文大意】
在藝術(shù)家梵·高誕辰紀(jì)念日時，他的作品《向日葵》在倫敦Christie’s(專門從事美術(shù)作品買賣的公司)拍賣出了近2500萬英鎊的價格。這個價格是l985年賣出的Mantegna的作品《敬意》的三倍，它的價格是800萬英鎊。至少有十個投標(biāo)者競爭這幅畫，其中一半的人是通過電話匿名競買的，每次的叫價漲幅是50萬英鎊。梵·高在1889年的一封信中寫道：蘇格蘭人或美國人對這樣的畫應(yīng)付500法郎——相當(dāng)于當(dāng)時的25英鎊。
Christie’s的主席在售后對記者說：“這是難得的一幅畫。”該公司的發(fā)言人補充說：“這幅畫太不可思議了。”但并不是在拍賣場上的所有人都同意這種說法。有人就說：“是錢而不是理性�！�
許多人都感覺不舒服，一幅畫竟能拍出如此價格。他們的不愉快在于這種錢和畫家生前的貧窮生活所形成的反差。曾做過比利時地區(qū)礦工的非專業(yè)牧師的梵·高感興趣的是尊重勞動的工作，而不是賣東西盈利。壓抑、貧窮、不被認(rèn)可，導(dǎo)致最終自殺，他在人們的想象中是充滿幻想的人。
IV.Reading Comprehension
第一篇
【答案】
36.C37.B38.B39.A
【解析】
36.第四段。這個單詞的后面一句提到beginnings，這是對origin的解釋：最初的、最開始的。
要想了解他們自己的文化，就必須知道它的起源。選項C是正確的。
37.第三段。7世紀(jì)的時候，受過教育的歐洲人都既學(xué)希臘語又學(xué)拉丁語。選項B是正確的。
38.最后一段。如今，我們有很多事情要學(xué)以至于幾乎沒有人有時間學(xué)希臘語和拉丁語了。選項B是正確的。
39.這篇文章的主要觀點是說無論過去大家都學(xué)希臘語和拉丁語，還是現(xiàn)在幾乎無人學(xué)希臘語和拉丁語，羅馬和希臘對歐洲文化仍然起著很重要的作用。選項A是正確的。
【原文大意】
兩百年以前，美國學(xué)生進(jìn)美國學(xué)校，跟你一樣，他們學(xué)算術(shù)、英文拼寫和地理。但跟你不同的是，他們還要學(xué)希臘語和拉丁語。事實上，學(xué)生花在學(xué)習(xí)希臘語和拉丁語的時間超過學(xué)習(xí)時間的一半。
歐洲的大多數(shù)學(xué)生也是如此。直到7世紀(jì)，所有受過教育的歐洲人都懂拉丁語。無論是居住在英格蘭、意大利、法國還是西班牙，只要他受過教育，他就會拉丁語。
在7世紀(jì)，受過教育的歐洲人開始學(xué)希臘語，也學(xué)拉丁語。這兩種語言已經(jīng)成為古希臘和古羅馬的第一位語言。所有受過教育的歐洲人都要求會這兩種語言。
對于受過教育的歐洲人來說，希臘和羅馬的語言是非常重要的。希臘和羅馬的思想也是非常重要的。人們很清楚他們的許多觀點都來自希臘和羅馬。要想理解自己的文化，就必須知道它的起源。他們明白，起源存在于古典世界中。
而今天，我們有太多的事情要學(xué)以至于幾乎無人有時間學(xué)習(xí)希臘語和拉丁語。你們幾乎沒有人在學(xué)校學(xué)這兩種語言。然而，希臘和羅馬的思想對我們來說仍然非常重要。這些思想仍然起著形成當(dāng)今西方文化的作用。要了解我們自己的文化，就必須了解古典世界的文化。
第二篇
【答案】
40.C 41.B42.A43.C
【解析】
40.第二段。Tomato這個詞來源于納華族文字的tomatl。選項C是正確的。
41.第二段。北美人認(rèn)為這個植物是有毒的，他們認(rèn)為吃了它肯定會死。選項B是正確的。
42.第二段。Desexed被拋棄的。原句的意思是：被拋棄的suitor會威脅說吃西紅柿使情人悔恨。提到情人，可以斷定suitor是相愛雙方的一方。Suitor追求者，通常指男性。選項A是正確的。
43.從love apple到tomat0，從最初的納華族到世界各地，從無人敢嘗試這最普通的食物，文章講了西紅柿的歷史。選項C是正確的。
【原文大意】
你吃臘肉、萵苣和愛情果三明治嗎?你可能吃過很多。很多年前人們把西紅柿叫愛情果。
西紅柿最初是美洲的植物。早期的西班牙探險者在南美發(fā)現(xiàn)了它。西紅柿的名字最初來源于納華族的tomatl。但當(dāng)這個植物移居到北部，就有了不同的名字。不可思議的是，北美的移居者認(rèn)為西紅柿是有毒的。他們認(rèn)為吃了它肯定就會死。據(jù)說，被拋棄的追求者會威脅說要吃西紅柿，以便使心腸冷酷的情人感到悔恨�；谶@個傳說，移居者就把西紅柿叫“愛情果”。但是，人們卻非常欣賞其他當(dāng)?shù)氐闹参�，如玉米、甜薯等等，每個人都對西紅柿敬而遠(yuǎn)之。
沒有人知道誰是第一個敢于嘗試西紅柿的。也許有人如此膽大或相思得如此痛苦，以至于要證實傳說的真實性。當(dāng)然，吃了這個果實的人很安全。沒人因為吃了愛情果而死亡。過了很多年人們才完全相信西紅柿是安全的，甚至是很好的食物。而它的用途也極為普通，這個植物被送往大海的另一邊成了歐洲許多國家的傳統(tǒng)菜肴。
第三篇
【答案】
44.A45.D46.D47.D
【解析】
44.最后一段最后一句。駱駝的眼睫毛如此長是為了擋住沙漠中大風(fēng)吹起的沙子。選項A是正確的。
45.作者說，大多數(shù)的魚和蛇沒有眼皮，但并未說所有的蜥蜴都沒有眼皮，排除選項A。第一段說眼皮和眼睫毛都是保護(hù)眼睛的;第二段說有些動物如鳥類有三層眼皮，但并未說睫毛;第三段說有些動物沒有眼皮;第四段說駱駝的睫毛長。這些都未提及有眼皮就肯定有睫毛，排除選項C。選項D是正確的。
46：第二段最后。鴨子的第三層眼皮如同潛水罩。選項D是正確的。
47.選項B是錯的。文章不光討論了鳥，也討論了魚、蛇等;文章討論的焦點不是眼睛而是眼皮。選項D是正確的。文章討論了保護(hù)眼睛的是什么。
【原文大意】
大自然給動物設(shè)計了很多保護(hù)眼睛的方法。最普通的保護(hù)方式是眼皮——眼睛外部一層折疊的皮膚，用來保護(hù)眼睛免受傷害。眼睫毛是用來擋住外來的灰塵和其他的刺激物的。眼淚可以沖刷掉沖破其他防御措施進(jìn)入眼睛的微粒。
有些動物，包括大多數(shù)的鳥類，有三層眼皮。上下眼皮跟人類眼皮的功能是一樣的：把碎枝、灰塵和沙子阻擋在外。而第三層眼皮是半透明的薄膜，從內(nèi)眼角到外眼角蓋住眼睛。正是因為這種保護(hù)膜，鳥很少眨眼。它們只有睡覺時才閉眼。對鴨子來說，這第三層眼皮就像是水下的潛水罩，幫助鴨子尋找食物。
大多數(shù)魚和蛇類根本沒有眼皮，而是有一種堅硬的玻璃狀覆蓋層來保護(hù)眼睛。作為魚來講，水不停地把附著在覆蓋層上的臟東西沖洗干凈。而蛇的視力通常是很差的，一點臟東西對它的視覺沒有多大的影響。
眼睫毛可作遮擋保護(hù)眼睛免受強光。它們的功能如同微縮的刷子，掃去灰塵。駱駝有4英寸長的睫毛來保護(hù)它們的眼睛不被沙漠中風(fēng)刮起的沙子傷害。
第四篇
【答案】
48.D49.A50.C51.B
【解析】
48.這篇文章是關(guān)于浴室的浴簾含有聚氯乙烯的問題。第一段指出，健康環(huán)境及正義中心發(fā)布了一個研究報告，證實含有聚氯乙烯的浴簾可放射大量的有害物質(zhì)。選項D是正確的。
49.第三段。11年前宜家就開始逐步淘汰含有聚氯乙烯的浴簾，而改用乙烯醋酸共聚物。選項A是正確的。
50.最后一段，最后一句。用棉或麻做的浴簾的最大問題是會發(fā)霉。選項C是正確的。
51.最后一段，第一句。并沒有要求廠家一定要在浴簾上貼標(biāo)簽，但有些廠家的確在包裝上打上含有聚氯乙烯的標(biāo)簽。所以消費者不會很清楚他所買的浴簾是否含有聚氯乙烯。選項B
是正確的。
【原文大意】
作為抵制聚氯乙烯的持續(xù)戰(zhàn)役的一部分，弗吉尼亞州的環(huán)境保護(hù)組織號召廠家和零售商逐步淘汰含有聚氯乙烯的浴簾。健康環(huán)境及正義中心發(fā)布了一個小型的研究結(jié)果，證明含有聚氯乙烯的浴簾會在人們使用的衛(wèi)生間里放射大量的潛在有害物質(zhì)。環(huán)境保護(hù)部的研究員們在先前所做的研究中也發(fā)現(xiàn)了塑料的浴簾會向空氣中釋放有毒的混合物。
但就對健康的影響到底有多嚴(yán)重，科學(xué)家們?nèi)杂蟹制纾绕涫窃谛┝康那闆r下。不過，健康環(huán)境及正義中心力勸消費者不要使用聚氯乙烯的浴簾，以及其他許多含有該物質(zhì)的產(chǎn)品。
擔(dān)心自己浴簾的人還有其他的選擇。宜家在11年前就在逐步淘汰含有聚氯乙烯的浴簾，轉(zhuǎn)而使用乙烯醋酸共聚物。宜家說到2008年的春天，88%的浴簾將不含聚氯乙烯。
沒有要求廠家一定要在浴簾上標(biāo)明是否含有聚氯乙烯，但有些廠家在包裝上將聚氯乙烯列入表內(nèi)。眾多的網(wǎng)上零售商出售的主要是麻或棉布制作的浴簾，而不含聚氯乙烯。然而，麻和棉布制作的浴簾很容易發(fā)霉。
第五篇
【答案】
52.C53.A54.C55.B
【解析】
52.這篇文章指出了雇用非法移民的問題。第一段提到從英國內(nèi)政部發(fā)起打擊雇用非法移民行動的四個月以來，已有超過200家公司受到處罰。選項C是正確的。
53.第一段。內(nèi)政部要求所有雇用非法移民公司的名字及其董事，以及所雇用的非法移民的人數(shù)和罰款數(shù)額都要在英國邊境署的網(wǎng)頁上曝光。選項A是正確的。
54.第三段。移民局官員已經(jīng)把處罰的重點轉(zhuǎn)移到大型的提供非法勞工的犯罪組織。選項C是正確的。
55.最后一段。工會官員擔(dān)心政府的策略可能會導(dǎo)致最惡劣的雇主轉(zhuǎn)入地下活動，從而懲罰了走投無路的貧窮的工人。選項B是正確的。
【原文大意】
雇用非法移民的公司在進(jìn)一步嚴(yán)打偷運人口的行動中將被曝光。這個由內(nèi)政部發(fā)起的行動是在官員統(tǒng)一識別、檢舉違法公司的四個月之后開始的。超過200家公司已經(jīng)因雇用非法勞工而受到處罰。內(nèi)政部宣布，所有違法的公司及其董事的名字將公布在英國邊境署的網(wǎng)頁上。邊境署也將公布該公司所雇用的非法移民人數(shù)及其所受的處罰金額。
到今年五月，已經(jīng)有137個這種案例按照新的規(guī)則受到起訴，其處罰數(shù)額總數(shù)達(dá)到50萬，幾乎平均每個公司是3000。而起訴的總數(shù)是2007年的l0倍之多，是過去10年總數(shù)的2倍。移民局官員還將他們的重點從小規(guī)模的非法雇主，如外賣餐廳，轉(zhuǎn)向了大型的提供非法勞工的犯罪組織。這些組織靠國際網(wǎng)絡(luò)將人口偷運進(jìn)英國。
約7500名移民官將被重新組合，插入由警察、海關(guān)工作人員組成的地區(qū)小組，在內(nèi)政部所說的非法工作的熱點地區(qū)明確目標(biāo)。這些地區(qū)包括對勞動力需求高的經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)，如農(nóng)業(yè)、建筑業(yè)和餐飲業(yè)等。雖然估計的非法居民有50萬之多，但究竟有多少沒有工作許可的人在英國工作無從知曉。
工會官員也很擔(dān)心政府的策略，認(rèn)為這樣做可能會迫使最惡劣的雇主轉(zhuǎn)入地下，從而懲罰的是那些無法逃脫這種無能為力的境況的異常貧窮的工人。
V.Daily Conversation
【答案】
56.F57.B58.H59.A60.G
【解析】
56.只有在確認(rèn)機票時才會被要求告知姓名。選項F是正確的。
57.從下面的答話可知，對方要的是飛機航班號。選項B是正確的。
58.這里實際上問的是離開的日期。選項H是正確的。
59.問完信息后需要按照信息查詢，這需要一點時間，所以有省略號。為讓對方不著急，因此聲明請對方等一會兒。選項A是正確的。
60.后半句話說明訂票員給的常規(guī)性提醒。選項G是正確的。
【原文大意】
Reservations clerk：北風(fēng)航空公司，我能為您做什么?
Daniel Adams：您好。我想再確認(rèn)一下機票。
Reservations clerk：請告訴我您的姓名和您的航班號，好嗎?
Daniel Adams：我叫Daniel Adams，我的航班號是374。
Reservations clerk：您什么時間離開?
Daniel Adams：5月11號。
Reservations clerk：您的目的地?
Daniel Adams：布宜諾斯艾利斯。
Reservations clerk：請稍候。好，您的座位已經(jīng)確認(rèn)。Adams先生，您將在當(dāng)?shù)貢r間下午4點到達(dá)布宜諾斯艾利斯。
Daniel Adams：謝謝。我可不可以在辦登機手續(xù)時再取票?
Reservations clerk：可以，但請在飛機起飛前至少l小時到達(dá)機場。
V1.Writing
61.【高分作文】
To Whom It May Concern:
Three days ago, I just got the watch I ordered from your store. You sent it on time and thanks for that. But I found several problems. First, the color is not what I wanted. I wanted golden, but you gave me silver instead. I thought that would be OK, if everything else is good enough. The stranger thing happens. The watch gets five minutes slower every day, so I have to keep correcting it. Because of this, I feel nervous about being late for work. I really cannot stand it any longer. So I have to write this letter to request giving the watch back to you and full money back to me.
Along with the letter is the copy of the order.
Thank you. I am looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely,
Li Yuan
2018年成人高考網(wǎng)上評卷答題要求 違規(guī)行為的認(rèn)定與處理
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