Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent.Concepts of reading have changed 1 over the centuries.During the 1950's and 1960's especially, increased attention has been devoted to 2 the reading process. 3 specialists agree that reading 4 a complex organization of higher mental 5 , they disagree 6 the exact nature of the process.Some experts, who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds, 7 reading as simply the decoding of symbolssintosthe sounds they stand 8 .

　　These authorities 9 that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process.Others maintain that reading is 10 related to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without 11 their meaning is not truly reading.The reader, 12 some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who 13 reads.

　　Many adults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a book in its 14 .By some expert they would not be 15 as readers.Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one use.By the most 16 and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to 17 the sound-symbols code of the language, to interpret meaning for various 18 , at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do 19 widely and enthusiastically. 20 reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.

　　1.A.substantively B.substantially C.substitutively D.subjectivel

　　2.A.define and describe B.definition and description C.defining and describing D.have defined and described

　　3.A.Although B.If C.Unless D.Until

　　4.A.involves B.involves to C.is involved D.involves of

　　5.A.opinions B.effects C.manners D.functions

　　6.A.of B.about C.for D.into

　　7.A.view B.look C.reassure D.agree

　　8.A.by B.to C.off D.for

　　9.A.content B.contend C.contempt D.contact

　　10.A.inexplicably B.inexpressibly C.inextricably D.inexpedientl

　　11.A.interpreting B.saying C.explaining D.reading

　　12.A.like B.for example C.according to D.as

　　13.A.sometimes B.might C.practical D.actually

　　14.A.entire B.entirety C.entirely D.entity

　　15.A.classed B.granted C.classified D.graded

　　16.A.inclusive B.inclinable C.conclusive D.complicated

　　17.A.break up B.elaborate C.define D.unlock

　　18.A.purposes B.degrees C.stages D.ste

　　19.A.such B.so as C.so D.such as

　　20.A.By the way B.In short C.So far D.On the other hand

　　1.【答案】B

　　【解析】substantively“實(shí)質(zhì)地”;substantially“大量地”;substitutively“可替代地”;subjectively“主觀地”。本句意為經(jīng)過幾個世紀(jì)，閱讀的概念已經(jīng)改變了很多。

　　2.【答案】C

　　【解析】在這里to是介詞，后接名詞或動名詞。因本句中the reading process前也應(yīng)有動詞，故選動名詞

　　3.【答案】A

　　【解析】although表示“盡管”，符合句意。

　　4.【答案】A

　　【解析】involve使卷入、包括;被動語態(tài)時用be involved in;沒有involve to和involve of的用法。

　　5.【答案】D

　　【解析】mental function智力活動。Opinion“意見”;manner“行為”;effect“影響”，這三項(xiàng)與mental搭配不妥。

　　6.【答案】B

　　【解析】disagree about/on“對……有不同意見”，在這一含義上不能用其他介詞。

　　7.【答案】A

　　【解析】view…as把……看作。

　　8.【答案】D

　　【解析】stand for“代表”;stand by“支持”;stand to“遵守”;stand off“冷淡”。

　　9.【答案】B

　　【解析】contend“爭論”;content“含量、容量”;contempt“輕視、蔑視”;contact“接觸、聯(lián)系”。根據(jù)句意，此處應(yīng)選contend，意為這些權(quán)威爭論說……。

　　10.【答案】A

　　【解析】inexplicably“無法解釋地”;inextricably“無法擺脫的”;inexpressibly“說不出地”;inexpediently“不適當(dāng)?shù)�、不明智地”。本句意為其他人�?jiān)持認(rèn)為閱讀無法解釋地與思考聯(lián)系在一起。

　　11.【答案】A

　　【解析】interpreting“理解”;explaining“解釋”。本句意為一個孩子能發(fā)出聲音而不理解所讀的含義，不能叫做真正的閱讀。

　　12.【答案】C

　　【解析】在這里according to some是說“根據(jù)一些人的觀點(diǎn)”。