Education is primarily the responsibility of the states. State constitutions set up certain standards and rules for the establishment of school. State laws require children to go to school until they reach a certain age. The actual control of the schools, however, is usually a local matter.

　　The control of the schools does not usually come directly from the local government. In each of the three types of city government, public schools are generally quite separate and independent.

　　They cooperate with local officials but are not dominated by the municipal government. Most Americans believe that schools should be free of political pressures. They believe that the separate control of the school systems preserves such freedom.

　　Public schools are usually maintained by school districts. The state often sets the district boundaries. Sometimes the school district has the same boundaries as the city. Sometimes it is larger than the city.

　　In the South, county boards of education members are elected. In some places they are appointed by the mayor or city council. The state legislature decides which method should be used.

　　Most district boards of education try to give all pupils a chance to get a good education. A good education prepares a person to live a better life. It helps him to become a better citizen.

　　Nearly all states give financial aid to local school districts. State departments of education offer other kinds of aid. States offer help with such things as program planning and the school districts.

　　The federal government also helps. The National Defense Education Act allows school districts to get financial aid for certain purposes. The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 added many other kinds of financial help. But neither the state nor the federal government dictates school policy. This is determined by local school boards.

　　41. Which of the following law is related to education?

　　A. The National Defense Education Act.

　　B. The Elementary and Secondary Education Act.

　　C. The Independence Act.

　　D. Both A and B.

　　42. How did the state control education?

　　A. By setting up certain standard and rules.

　　B. By requesting the children to go to schools until they are of certain age.

　　C. Either A or B.

　　D. Both A and B.

　　43. How did they preserve the freedom of the schools from political pressure?

　　A. By uniting all the schools into a union.

　　B. By having the federal administration.

　　C. By having separate and independent control.

　　D. By cooperating with the state government.

　　44. People favor the independence of school for the reason that

　　A. people believe that it will ensure the existence of freedom

　　B. people believe that it will deprive the school of the financial aid

　　C. local government can rid itself from the financial burden

　　D. state government is not willing to exert its effort on it

　　45. The school district is likely to be all of the following EXCEPT

　　A. larger than city district

　　B. larger than the state district

　　C. the same as the city district

　　D. Both A and C

　　閱讀賞析

　　本文介紹了美國的教育制度。美國的教育主要是各州的任務(wù)，但事實上對學(xué)校的控制權(quán)仍在地方。美國人支持獨立辦學(xué)的精神，所以盡管學(xué)校受地方政府和地方官員領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，但有自己的獨立決策權(quán)。各州規(guī)定學(xué)校的區(qū)劃。在南方，各縣的教育董事會由選舉產(chǎn)生。一些地方則是由市長或市議會指定。絕大多數(shù)地區(qū)的教育董事會都盡力讓所有的孩子有機(jī)會上學(xué)，有改變自己命運的機(jī)會。各州都對當(dāng)?shù)匦�區(qū)撥款，聯(lián)邦政府也有義務(wù)援助教育，國防教育法案和基礎(chǔ)教育法案都對此有所規(guī)定。

　　答案及解析

　　41.D

　　【命題目的】此題考查對文章信息的捕捉。

　　【解題要點】除獨立法案在文中沒提到，國防教育法及基礎(chǔ)和中等教育法在文中都提到過，所以，D項較全面地概括了答案。

　　42.D

　　【命題目的】此題考查文章細(xì)節(jié)。

　　【解題要點】參看短文段，A.B兩項，即“建立一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)則”和“要求孩子在一定年齡前必須上學(xué)”，在文中都提到過。

　　43.C

　　【命題目的】本題考查對細(xì)節(jié)的捕捉和對文章整體的把握。

　　【解題要點】參看第二段后一句，“他們相信學(xué)校系統(tǒng)的獨立控制會保持這種自由”，與C項符合。而且，全文都貫徹一種主張學(xué)校獨立自主的精神。

　　44.A

　　【命題目的】本題考查推理能力。

　　【解題要點】文章一開始就提到“辦學(xué)自由，不受政治影響”，所以可推知人們支持學(xué)校獨立是因為認(rèn)為這樣可以保證其自由。

　　45.B

　　【命題目的】本題考查對細(xì)節(jié)的捕捉。

　　【解題要點】第三段中第三、四句提到“學(xué)校區(qū)劃有時和城市的邊界相同，有時甚至比城市的邊界還大”，所以A項和C項都有可能。所以也排除D項。即使從常識推斷，也可判斷8項是不正確的，因為州向?qū)W校撥款，后者不可能比前者大，所以8項不正確。無論用排除法還是正面推理法，都可得出答案是B。

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