20. A) Qualifications for an outstanding leader.

　　B) Ethical leadership in an educational setting.

　　C) Habits and customs of ethnic groups.

　　D) Effective ways to help ethnic groups become rich.

　　21. A) Education.

　　B) Community.

　　C) Spirituality.

　　D) Leadership.

　　22. A) Recruiting as many students as possible.

　　B) Using a variety of teaching strategies.

　　C) Taking an open-minded attitude to ethnic culture.

　　D) Keeping improving the teaching facilities.

　　模擬題一原文

　　Good afternoon, everyone. Today we are going to discuss the issue of ethical leadership in education. As many of you are studying this course to help you attain leadership positions within your skills this is certainly a relevant topic. As leaders your obligation is not only to provide education but to assist students in moving pass obstacles that prevent them from having the opportunity for such education. Effect as inhibit education are identified it creates an ethical obligation. Leaders in such a context need to be ethical because they are in a position to be. They are adverse education and are obliged to act from a moral position. Humans are social by nature and community is important. So conduct is learnt through other’s actions making a leadership extremely important.

　　According to some researchers there are 4 aspects of being an ethical leader, authenticity, intention, spirituality, and sensibility. So we know what an ethical leader is, but how does he/she approach education. Most researchers agree that ethical leaders need to adopt an ecological approach to education. This includes being aware of a learner’s domestic situation. Becoming knowledgeable about the national education policies of a country and having an understanding of the social, political and historical context. Some researchers suggest taking a macro approach to education, which involves implementing of variety of teaching techniques.

　　In addition to changing the teaching practices implemented within a skill, ethical leaders need to apply measurement indicators and feedbacks system to transform the needs and wishes of students into product specifications and working criteria. Staffs also need to be given knowledge through regular training sessions. It is a leader’s duty to recognize training needs provide resources and ensure that on-going training is available to all members of staff. This is particularly true as teaching materials and techniques are constantly being up-dated.

　　It is also important that ethical leaders elicit participation and commitment from members of their organization. This is based on trust and takes time to achieve, but subordinates respond to a leader who is honest, and has the intention of preserving all state hold interest. Within this concept is the idea of exchanging information and encouraging empathy among members of staff. OK, let’s take a look at the table on page 210 of your text book.

　　20. What is the lecture mainly about?

　　21. What does the speaker say is important to human beings?

　　22. What does a macro approach to teaching involve?