2018年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)聽(tīng)力講座原文及解析

　　Recording One

　　TodayI'm going to talk about a very special kind of person. Psychologists call themmasters of deception. Those rare individuals with a natural ability to tellwith complete confidence, when someone is telling a lie. (16) For decades, researchers and lawenforcement agencies have tried to build a machine that will do the same thing.Now, a company in Massachusetts says that by using magnetic brain scans,they can determine with 97% accuracy whether someone is telling the truth.

　　Theyhope that the technology will be cleared for use in American courts by earlynext year. (17)But is this really the ultimate tool for you? The lawyers oftomorrow? You will not find many brain scientists celebrating thisbreakthrough. The company might be very optimistic, but the ability of theirmachine to detect deception has not provided credible proof. That'sbecause the technology has not been properly tested in real world situations. Inlife, there are different kinds of lies and diverse contexts in which they'retold. These differences may elicit different brain responses.

　　Doestheir hypothesis behind the test apply in every case? We don't know the answer,because studies done on how reliable this machine is have not yet beenduplicated. Much more research is badly needed. Whether the technology iseventually deemed reliable enough for the courts will ultimately be decided bythe judges. Let's hope they're wise enough not to be fooled by a machine thatclaims to determine truthfulness at the flip of a switch. They should also beskeptical of the growing tendency to try to reduce all human traits and actionsto the level of brain activity. Often,they do not map that easily.

　　Moreover,understanding the brain is not the same as understanding the mind. Someresearchers have suggested that thoughts cannot properly be seen as purelyinternal. Instead, thoughts make sense only in reference to the individualsexternal world. So while there may be insights to be gained from matchingbehavior to brain activity, those insights will not necessarily lead to justicein a court of law. Problems surround the use of machines to spot deception, atleast until it has been rigorously tested. (18)A high tech test that can tell when aperson is not telling the truth. Sounds too good to be true. And when somethingsounds too good to be true, it usually is.

　　Question 16. What haveresearchers and law enforcement agencies tried to do?

　　Questions17. How do manybrain scientists respond to the Massachusetts companies so called technologicalbreakthrough?

　　Question 18. What does thespeaker think of using a high tech test to determine whether a person istelling the truth?

　　講座1解析

　　如同上課時(shí)我們講到的，講座題一定要聽(tīng)好開(kāi)頭，開(kāi)頭往往揭示主題。本篇開(kāi)頭即提到一類(lèi)人，mastersof deception。對(duì)于生僻名詞必然給出解釋: Those rare individuals witha natural ability to tell with complete confidence, when someone is telling alie.

　　當(dāng)我們聽(tīng)到But is this really the ultimate toolfor you? The lawyers of tomorrow? You will not find many brain scientistscelebrating this breakthrough. 時(shí)，我們得知很多科學(xué)家持反對(duì)意見(jiàn)。

　　我們?cè)谠O(shè)問(wèn)后的問(wèn)題之處得知but之后便是17題的答案，has not provided credible proof.

　　本篇難點(diǎn)在于16,17題離得比較近，符合我們所講的連續(xù)出題原則，考生須在確定一題答案后馬上開(kāi)始對(duì)下一題的判斷。后面大段不出題，知道最后給出最后一題的答案。

　　18題作者對(duì)于使用高科技儀器測(cè)謊的想法是too good tobe true，所以需要選擇和負(fù)面色彩相關(guān)的選項(xiàng)。

　　Recording Two

　　Lastweek, I attended a research workshop on an island in the South Pacific. Thirtypeople were present, and all except me came from the island called Mcclure inthe nation of Vanuatu. Theylive in sixteen different communities and speak sixteen distinct languages. Inmany cases, you could stand at the edge of one village and see the outskirts ofthe next community. (19)Yet the residents of each village speak acompletely different language. According to recent work by my colleaguesat the Max Plank Institute for the science of human history, this island, justone hundred kilometers long and twenty kilometers wide, is home to speakers ofperhaps forty different indigenous languages. (20)Why so many? We could ask the samequestion of the entire globe. People don't speak one universal language or evena handful. Instead, today, our species collectively speaks over seven thousanddistinct languages, and these languages are not spread randomly across theplanet. For example, far more languages are found intropical regions that in the milestones. the tropical island of new guinea ishome to over nine hundred languages, Russia, twenty times larger, has 105indigenous languages.

　　Evenwithin the tropics, language diversity varies widely. For example, the twohundred and fifty thousand people who live on Vanuatu’s eighty islands speak110 different languages. But in Bangladesh, a population six hundred timesgreater speaks only 41 languages. How come humans speak so many languages? Andwhy are they so unevenly spread across the planet? As it turns out, we have fewclear answers to these fundamental questions about how humanity communicates.Most people can easily brainstorm possible answers to these intriguingquestions. They hypothesized that language diversity must be about history,cultural differences, mountains or oceans dividing populations.

　　Butwhen our diverse team of researchers from six different disciplines and eightdifferent countries began to review what was known, we were shocked that only adozen previous studies had been done, including one we ourselves completed onlanguage diversity in the Pacific. These prior efforts all examine the degreeto which different environmental, social, and geographic variables correlatedwith a number of languages found in a given location. The results varied a lotfrom one study to another, and no clear patterns emerged. The studies also ranup against many methodological challenges, the biggest of which centered on theold statistical saying, “Correlation does not equal causation”.

　　Question19. What does thespeaker say about the island of Mcclure?

　　Question 20. What do welearn from the talk about languages in the world?

　　(缺21題)

　　講座2解析

　　本篇聽(tīng)好開(kāi)頭an island in the South Pacific，即知道內(nèi)容說(shuō)的和島嶼相關(guān)，當(dāng)聽(tīng)到the island called Mcclure in the nation of Vanuatu，便需認(rèn)真聽(tīng)后面的內(nèi)容，They live in sixteen different communities and speak sixteendistinct languages. 知道本文確切內(nèi)容為語(yǔ)言。

　　19題為轉(zhuǎn)折后出題：the residents of eachvillage speak a completely different language。

　　20題符合問(wèn)句后出題。答案為轉(zhuǎn)折處instead之后的內(nèi)容： today, our species collectively speaks over seven thousand distinctlanguages, and these languages are not spread randomly across the planet.