關(guān)于六級(jí)長(zhǎng)對(duì)話

　　單就長(zhǎng)對(duì)話而言，長(zhǎng)對(duì)話作為六級(jí)聽(tīng)力改革后的新題型體現(xiàn)了命題組對(duì)于考試改革的訴求——強(qiáng)調(diào)在實(shí)際環(huán)境中的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。涉及到的對(duì)話場(chǎng)景內(nèi)容非常廣泛，從校園生活到生活中的各種場(chǎng)景。學(xué)生可以通過(guò)抓住“信號(hào)詞” 來(lái)判斷具體場(chǎng)景。經(jīng)常涉及到的場(chǎng)景有：旅游(飛機(jī)，機(jī)場(chǎng)，出行準(zhǔn)備等)，校園，工作面試，訪談等。

　　例題：

　　22.A. Organizing protests C. Acting as its spokesman.

　　B. Recruiting members D. Saving endangered animals.

　　23. A. Anti-animal-abuse demonstrations B. Anti-nuclear campaigns

　　C. Surveying the Atlantic Ocean floor D. Removing industrial waste.

　　24.A. By harassing them. C. By taking legal action.

　　B. By appealing to the public D. By resorting to force.

　　25. A. Doubtful B. Reserved C. Indifferent. D. Supportive

　　聽(tīng)力原文：

　　W: Right, well, in the studio this morning, for our interview spot is Peter Wilson(人名，重要). Peter works for Green Peace (特殊表達(dá)，文章主題詞). So, Peter, welcome.

　　M: Thanks a lot. It's good to be here.

　　W: Great! Now, Peter, perhaps you can tell us something about Green Peace and your job there. (寒暄，為了迷惑考生，此處進(jìn)入正題)

　　M: Sure. Well, I'll start by telling you roughly what Green Peace is all about. I actually work in London for the Green Peace organization(人物職業(yè)，22題考點(diǎn)1). We've been going for a few decades and we're a non-violent, non-political organization. We're involved in anti-nuclear activity, conservation and protection of animals and protection and support of our eco-system. I'm the action organizer and arrange any protests.(人物職業(yè)重復(fù)，22題考點(diǎn)。視聽(tīng)基本一致原則。)

　　W: Right! A pretty important role. Peter. What sort of protest would you organize?

　　M: Well, recently we've been involved in anti-nuclear campaigns. (問(wèn)答關(guān)系，23題考點(diǎn)。視聽(tīng)一致原則。)I, personally arranged for the demonstration against radioactive waste dumping in the Atlantic Ocean. We've got a few small Green Peace boats that we harass(特殊詞匯，首次出現(xiàn)，24題考點(diǎn)2) the dumping ship with.

　　W: Say? Hold on, Peter. I thought you said your organization was non-violent. What do you mean by "harass"? (重復(fù)核心詞，也是問(wèn)題所在。問(wèn)答關(guān)系。)

　　M: Well, we circle round and round the ships and get in the way when they try to dump the drums of nuclear waste in the sea.(針對(duì)問(wèn)題harass的具體回答，24題考點(diǎn)。) We talk to the men and try to change, you know, yell at them to stop. We generally make ourselves as much of a nuisance as possible.

　　M: Well, people may think differently of your methods, but there's no doubt you're doing a great job.(轉(zhuǎn)折詞but+態(tài)度判斷詞great，25題考點(diǎn)4), keep it up and good luck (繼續(xù)態(tài)度判斷). And thanks for talking with us.

　　W: Thanks for having me.

　　Q22. What is the man's chief responsibility in the Green Peace organization?

　　Q23. What has Green Peace been involved in recently?

　　Q24. How does Green Peace try to stop people from dumping nuclear waste?

　　Q25. What is the woman's attitude towards the Green Peace's campaigns?

　　Keys: ABAD

　　解析：做題的時(shí)候一定要和短文一樣對(duì)題目的出題位置有明確的把握，位置感很重要。一般而言，對(duì)話時(shí)，開(kāi)頭的客套以及問(wèn)候與結(jié)尾的道別結(jié)束語(yǔ)很少出題，而對(duì)話中段往往才是重點(diǎn)。另外，本段長(zhǎng)對(duì)話使用到了視聽(tīng)基本一致的原則。24題的考法是長(zhǎng)對(duì)話中最典型的一種，就是針對(duì)動(dòng)作行為進(jìn)行發(fā)問(wèn)，考點(diǎn)在于考生需要聽(tīng)明白人物發(fā)出的動(dòng)作是什么，原文的動(dòng)詞harass和選項(xiàng)的harass是一摸一樣，屬于最簡(jiǎn)單的考法，而且原文重復(fù)兩次，因此考生對(duì)此即便是不知道harass是什么意思也能選對(duì)。25題的考法是一貫的長(zhǎng)對(duì)話結(jié)尾題，往往以態(tài)度判斷和結(jié)論作為考察對(duì)象，此題選項(xiàng)均為態(tài)度詞，很容易判斷，另外，注意到選項(xiàng)呈現(xiàn)“三負(fù)一正”的格局，因此答案是顯然的。本段長(zhǎng)對(duì)話的幾個(gè)特色詞匯也需要注意：harass指“騷擾”，綠色和平組織采取“和平騷擾”的方式，影響那些傾倒核廢料(dumping nuclear waste)的人們，而沒(méi)有采取訴諸武力(resorting force)的方式。

　　六級(jí)對(duì)話類題目的一般性原則

　　1.提前瀏覽，有備而聽(tīng)

　　考試時(shí)在聽(tīng)力考試錄音開(kāi)始之前要盡可能抽時(shí)間瀏覽所有選項(xiàng)，以便預(yù)測(cè)對(duì)話的主題和相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。我們的策略是：考生可以先迅速瀏覽前四個(gè)短對(duì)話的選項(xiàng)，用以做題，而從第五個(gè)對(duì)話開(kāi)始，每個(gè)短對(duì)話之間都有15秒左右的時(shí)間間隔，考生可利用這段時(shí)間來(lái)預(yù)讀下一題的選項(xiàng)。當(dāng)讀完前四個(gè)短對(duì)話的選項(xiàng)后，考生應(yīng)在Directions結(jié)束前，迅速瀏覽第一個(gè)長(zhǎng)對(duì)話的所有選項(xiàng)，盡可能找出相關(guān)線索。根據(jù)樣卷錄音，Section A的Directions大約持續(xù)1分20秒左右的時(shí)間，如果加上考場(chǎng)試音的時(shí)間則更長(zhǎng)。這足可以讓考生預(yù)讀前四個(gè)短對(duì)話的選項(xiàng)和第一個(gè)長(zhǎng)對(duì)話的所有選項(xiàng)。

　　2.分析選項(xiàng)，預(yù)測(cè)內(nèi)容： 在分析選項(xiàng)的部分，希望考生能針對(duì)如下三個(gè)關(guān)鍵部分進(jìn)行快速判斷：

　　人物關(guān)系(Relationship，鄰居?夫妻?同學(xué)?師生?同事等，能夠?yàn)楹竺孀鲱}判斷人物身份起到良好的鋪墊)。

　　動(dòng)作行為 (動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)往往是最重要的考察對(duì)象之一)。

　　態(tài)度詞 (長(zhǎng)對(duì)話結(jié)尾往往涉及態(tài)度判斷和結(jié)論)

　　3. 邊聽(tīng)邊選，不要走神：

　　盡量在聽(tīng)的時(shí)候確定哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)能夠最大程度的吻合，這是做短文聽(tīng)力的宗旨，同樣適用于長(zhǎng)對(duì)話。平時(shí)訓(xùn)練做到“邊聽(tīng)邊記”、強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)言輸出的強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練為主，上了考場(chǎng)強(qiáng)調(diào)“邊聽(tīng)邊選”。最后聽(tīng)問(wèn)題確定自己的正確答案，因?yàn)槁?tīng)力時(shí)間間隔很短，因此哪怕是猜的答案，一旦作出判斷，就不要過(guò)多糾纏于這一分。集中注意力到下一題當(dāng)中。

　　4. 常見(jiàn)技巧型破題法則：

　　短對(duì)話：視聽(tīng)反向原則、同義替換原則、后句更加重要原則。校園場(chǎng)景是小對(duì)話的重點(diǎn)主題;

　　長(zhǎng)對(duì)話：視聽(tīng)基本一致原則、首句重點(diǎn)原則、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系原則。注意說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度也很重要。