1.固定搭配錯誤:主要是一些常用介詞短語、動詞短語、形容詞短語的誤用,另外,一些固定句型中詞匯的搭配也容易出錯。對付此類錯誤的方法是大量記憶,熟悉這些固定的搭配。
例1:...a(chǎn)bout an American who had been invited to an Arab meal at one of the countries of the Middle East.(2000年6月第75題)
at應(yīng)改為in,in the country為固定介詞短語搭配。
例2:...,but such reasons are totally dependent in the balance of risks and benefits for the patients.(1993年6月第 75題)
in應(yīng)改為on,dependent on為固定的形容詞短語搭配。
例3:However,a second person thought that this was more a question of civilized behavior as good manners.(2000年6月第73題)
as應(yīng)改為than,more...than...為固定句型搭配,表示"與其說……不如說……"。
2.單詞的混用:這種錯誤是指誤用了某個在形式或意義上與正確的單詞相似的單詞。
例1:Between sunrise and sunset,streets and highways are a constant source of voice from cars,buses and trucks.(1995年6月第 73題)
原文講述噪音污染,所以,此處的voice應(yīng)改為noise。
例2:Immediately before him was a very flat piece of bread that looked,to him,very much as a napkin.(2000年6月第78題)
此處as應(yīng)改為like,as與like都可作介詞用,表示"像……一樣"時,應(yīng)用like,而as表示"作為……"。
二、篇章理解錯誤
1.語意的顛倒:這類錯誤多指在語意表達上用了相反的詞,造成上下文邏輯推理上的自相矛盾。做題前如先閱讀全文,領(lǐng)會上下文承接關(guān)系與語意關(guān)系將裨益無窮。
例:If he was present because of sickness, there was often no job for him when he returned.(1994年1月第76題)
顯然,將present改為absent才合乎邏輯。
2.指代關(guān)系的錯誤:這類錯誤主要指由于人稱代詞、物主代詞及指示代詞的誤用,導(dǎo)致指示不清、邏輯混亂,甚至前后矛盾。細心推敲和全局觀念是破解此類錯誤的殺手锏。
例1:A break in their employment,or a decision to work part time,will slow its raises and promotions.(1996年1月第75題)
從原文看,此處指婦女漲工資、被提升的速度會大大地減緩。所以,its應(yīng)改為their(婦女的)。
例2:...,he finds it pleasing he is influencing people:they are drawn to them.(1995年1月第78題)
從文中看,them應(yīng)改為him,指人們?yōu)樗?/P>
3.連接詞與關(guān)系詞的錯誤:這類錯誤主要出現(xiàn)在定語從句與狀語從句中,正確地分析句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系,才能選擇合適的連接詞與關(guān)系詞。
例1:It appears that we all find company in sound,if we all demand a little quiet from time to time.
原文講述噪音污染,從上下文看,前后兩句之間應(yīng)為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,而非條件關(guān)系,所以,連詞if應(yīng)改為but或though。
例2:Instead,this other person told us a story,it he said was quite well known...
后半句顯然是一個非限制性定語從句修飾story,所以,應(yīng)將it改為關(guān)系詞which。
總之,要想從根本上提高做綜合改錯題的能力,考生就要打好扎實的英語基礎(chǔ),有豐富的詞匯用法、固定搭配及句式結(jié)構(gòu)知識等。同時,在平日英語學(xué)習(xí)的過程中,要多多閱讀,培養(yǎng)英語的語感,提高語篇理解能力,增強自己辨錯、的能力。