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　　光復(fù)會

　　光復(fù)會是清末著名的革命團體，又名“復(fù)古會”，由蔡元培、陶成章、龔寶銓等人于1903年11月在上海正式成立。光復(fù)會的旨為“光復(fù)漢族，還我山河，以身許國，功成身退”。光復(fù)會的成員大部分為小資產(chǎn)階級知識分子、商人、工匠，亦有少數(shù)地主士紳，其中著名成員有：秋瑾、章太炎、柳亞子等人，后不少會員加入同盟會。

　　參考譯文

　　The Restoration Society

　　The Restoration Society, also called the "Retro Society ", was a famous revolutionary union in the late Qing Dynasty which was established in October 1903 in Shanghai, by Cai Yuanpei, Tao Chengzhang, Gong Baoquan and others. It aimed at "recovering the Han nationality, returning the lost land, dedicating oneself to the country and retiring after succeeding". Most members of the society were petty bourgeoisie, intellectuals, merchants and craftsmen, with a few landlords and members of the gentry. Some famous members among them were Qiu Jin, Zhang Taiyan, Liu Yazi, etc, and later many of them joined the Chinese Revolutionary League.

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　　華興會

　　華興會是中國近代民主革命團體，于1904年在長沙成立，由革命黨人黃興擔(dān)任第一屆會長，是一個反對清政府統(tǒng)治的革命組織。其宗旨是：“驅(qū)除韃虜，復(fù)興”;

　　參考譯文

　　The Chinese Rejuvernation Society

　　The Chinese Rejuvenation Society was a democratic revolutionary group in modern China established in Changsha in1904, whose first president was Huang Xing, a revolution enthusiast. It was an anti-Qing Government revolutionary organization, whose purpose was to "drive out the tartar tribes and restore China".

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