2013年 6月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題及答案詳解

Total score: 710        Total time allowed: 125 minutes

特注： 2013年 6月大學(xué)四級(jí)考試采用多題多卷形式，本試卷含兩套寫作題，考生可以任選其一。

Part I Writing  (多題多卷寫作題 1) (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Part I Writing (多題多卷寫作題 2) (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Can Digital Textbook Truly Replace the Print Kind?

The shortcomings of traditional print edition textbooks are obvious: For starters they’re heavy, with the average physics textbook weighing 3.6 pounds. They’re also expensive, especially when you factor in the average college student’s limited budget, typically costing hundreds of dollars every semester.

But the worst part is that print version of textbooks are constantly undergoing revisions. Many professors require that their students use only the latest versions in the classroom, essentially rendering older texts unusable. For students, it means they’re basically stuck with a four pound paper-weight that they can’t sell back.

Which is why digital textbooks, if they live up to their promise, could help ease many of these shortcomings. But till now, they’ve been something like a mirage（幻影）in the distance, more like a hazy（模糊的）dream than an actual reality. Imagine the promise: Carrying all your textbooks in a 1.3 pound iPad? It sounds almost too good to be true.

But there are a few pilot schools already making the transition（過渡）over to digital books. Universities like Cornell and Brown have jumped onboard. And one medical program at the University of California, Irvine, gave their entire class iPads with which to download textbooks just last year.

But not all were eager to jump aboard.

“People were tired of using the iPad textbook besides using it for reading,” says Kalpit Shah, who will be going into his second year at Irvine’s medical program this fall. “They weren’t using it as a source of communication because they couldn’t read or write in it. So a third of the people in my program were using the iPad in class to take notes, the other third were using laptops and the last third were using paper and pencil.”

The reason it hasn’t caught on yet, he tells me, is that the functionality of e-edition textbooks is incredibly limited, and some students just aren’t motivated to learn new study behavior.

But a new application called Inkling might change all that. The company just released an updated version last week, and it’ll be utilized in over 50 undergraduate and graduate classrooms this coming school year.

“Digital textbooks are not going to catch on,” says Inkling CEO Matt Maclnnis as he’s giving me a demo（演示）over coffee. “What I mean by that is the current perspective of the digital textbook is it’s an exact copy of the print book. There’s Course Smart, etc., these guys who take any image of the page and put it on a screen. If that’s how we’re defining digital textbooks, there’s no hope of that becoming a mainstream product.”

He calls Inkling a platform for publishers to build rich multimedia content from the ground up, with a heavy emphasis on real-world functionality. The traditional textbook merely serves as a skeleton.

At first glance Inkling is an impressive experience. After swiping（敲擊）into the iPad app (應(yīng)用軟件 ), which you can get for free here, he opens up a few different types of textbooks.

Up first is a chemistry book. The boot time is pretty fast, and he navigates through (瀏覽 ) a few chapters before swiping into a fully rendered 3D molecule that can be spun around to view its various building blocks. “Publishers give us all of the source media, artwork, videos,” he says, “We help them think through how to actually build something for this platform.”

Next he pulls up a music composition textbook, complete with playable demos. It’s a learning experience that attacks you from multiple sensory directions. It’s clear why this would be something a music major would love.

But the most exciting part about Inkling, to me, is its notation（批注）system. Here’s how it works!

When you purchase a used print book, it comes with its previous owner’s highlights and notes in the margins. It uses the experience of someone who already went through the class to help improve your reading (how much you trust each notation is obviously up to you).

But with lnkling, you can highlight a piece of content and make notes. Here’s where things get interesting, though: If a particularly important passage is highlighted by multiple lnkling users, that information is stored on the cloud and is available for anyone reading the same textbook to come across. That means users have access to notes from not only their classmates and Facebook friends, but anyone who purchased the book across the country. The best comments are then sorted democratically by a voting system, meaning that your social learning experience is shared with the best and brightest thinkers.

As a bonus, professors can even chime in (插話 ) on discussions. They’ll be able to answer the questions of students who are in their class directly via the interactive book.

Of course, Inkling addresses several of the other shortcomings in traditional print as well. Textbook versions are constanly updated, motivating publishers by minimizing production costs (the big ones like McGraw-Hill are already onboard). Furthermore, students will be able to purchase sections of the text instead of buying the whole thing, with individual chapters costing as little as $2.99.

There are, however, challenges.

“It takes efforts to build each book,” Maclnnis tells me. And it’s clear why.

Each interactive textbook is a media-heavy experience built from the ground up, and you can tell that it takes a respectable amount of manpower to put together each one.

For now the app is also iPad-exclusive, and though a few of these educational institutions are giving the hardware away for free, for other students who don’t have such a luxury it’s an added layer of cost — and an expensive one at that.

But this much is clear. The traditional textbook model is and has been broken for quite some time. Whether digitally interactive ones like Inkling actually take off or not remains to be seen, and we probably won’t have a definite answer for the next few years.

However the solution to any problem begins with a step in a direction. And at least for now, that hazy mirage in the distance? A little more tangible (可觸摸的 ), a little less of a dream.

 

1. The biggest problem with traditional print textbooks is that _____.                    

A) they are not reused once a new edition comes out

B) they cost hundreds of dollars every semester

C) they are too heavy to carry around

D) they take a longer time to revise

2. What does the author say about digital textbooks?

A) It’s not likely they will replace traditional textbooks.  

B) They haven’t fixed all the shortcomings of print books.

C) Very few of them are available in the market.

D) Many people still have difficulty using them.

3. According to Kalpit Shah, some students still use paper and pencil because _____.     

A) they find it troublesome to take notes with an iPad

B) they are unwilling to change their study behavior

C) they have get tired of reading on the iPad

D) they are not used to reading on the screen

4. Inkling CEO Matt Maclnnis explains that the problem with Course Smart’s current digital textbooks is that _____.         

A) they have to be revised repeatedly

B) they are inconvenient to use in class

C) they are different from most mainstream products

D) they are no more than print versions put on a screen

5. Matt Maclnnis describes the updated version of lnkling as _____.

A) a good example of the mainstream products

B) a marvelous product of many creative ideas

C) a platform for building multimedia content

D) a mere skeleton of traditional textbooks

6. The author is most excited about lnkling’s notation system because one can _____.             A) share his learning experience with the best and brightest thinkers

B) participate in discussions with classmates and Facebook friends

C) vote for the best learners democratically

D) store information on the cloud

7. One additional advantage of the interactive digital textbook is that _____. 

A) students can switch to different discussions at any point

B) students can download relevant critical comments

C) professors can join in students’ online discussions

D) professors can give prompt feedback to students’ homework

8. One of the challenges to build an interactive digital textbook from the ground up is that is takes a great deal of _____. 

9. One problem for students to replace traditional textbooks with interactive digital ones is the high ______ of the hardware.

10. According to the author, whether digital textbooks will catch on still _____. 

Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

 

11. A) Children should be taught to be more careful.

B) Children shouldn’t drink so much orange juice. 

C) There is no need for the man to make such a fuss.

D) Timmy should learn to do things in the right way.

12. A) Fitness training.                  B) The new job offer. 

C) Computer programming.           D) Directorship of the club. 

13. A) He needs to buy a new sweater.      B) He has got to save on fuel bills. 

C) The fuel price has skyrocketed.      D) The heating system doesn’t work. 

14. A) Committing theft.                 B) Taking pictures.  

C) Window shopping.                D) Posing for the camera. 

15. A) She is taking some medicine.        B) She has not seen a doctor yet. 

C) She does not trust the man’s advice.  D) She has almost recovered from the cough. 

16. A) Pamela’s report is not finished as scheduled. 

B) Pamela has a habit of doing things in a hurry. 

C) Pamela is not good at writing research papers. 

D) Pamela’s mistakes could have been avoided. 

17. A) In the left-luggage office.          B) At the hotel reception. 

C) In a hotel room.                  D) At an airport. 

18. A) She was an excellent student at college.    B) She works in the entertainment business. 

C) She is fond of telling stories in her speech.  D) She is good at conveying her message. 

 

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A) Arranging the woman’s appointment with Mr. Romero.

B) Fixing the time for the designer’s latest fashion show.

C) Talking about an important gathering on Tuesday.

D) Preparing for the filming on Monday morning.

20. A) Her travel to Japan.

B) The awards ceremony.

C) The proper hairstyle for her new role.

D) When to start the makeup session.

21. A) He is Mr. Romero’s agent.

B) He is an entertainment journalist.

C) He is the woman’s assistant.

D) He is a famous movie star.

 

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

22. A) Make an appointment for an interview.

B) Send in an application letter.

C) Fill in an application form.

D) Make a brief self-introduction on the phone.

23. A) Someone having a college degree in advertising.

B) Someone experienced in business management.

C) Someone ready to take on more responsibilities.

D) Someone willing to work beyond regular hours.

24. A) Travel opportunities.

B) Handsome pay.

C) Prospects for promotion.

D) Flexible working hours.

25. A) It depends on the working hours.

B) It’s about 500 pound a week.

C) It will be set by the Human Resources.

D) It is to be negotiated.

 

Section B

Directions: In this section you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. A) To give customers a wider range of choices.

B) To make shoppers see as many items as possible.

C) To supply as many varieties of goods as it can.

D) To give space for more profitable products. 

27. A) On the top shelves. 

B) On the bottom shelves. 

C) On easily accessible shelves. 

D) On clearly marked shelves. 

28. A) Many of them buy things on impulse. 

B) A few of them are fathers with babies. 

C) A majority of them are young couples. 

D) Over 60% of them make shopping lists. 

29. A) Sales assistants promoting high margin goods.

B) Sales assistants following customers around.

C) Customers competing for good bargains.

D) Customers losing all sense of time.

Passage Two

Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

30. A) Teaching mathematics at a school.

B) Doing research in an institute.

C) Studying for a college degree.

D) Working in a high-tech company.

31. A) He studied the designs of various choices.

B) He did experiments to different materials.

C) He bought an alarm clock with a pig face.

D) He asked different people for their opinions.

 

32. A) Its automatic mechanism.

B) Its manufacturing pattern.

C) Its way of waking people up.

D) Its funny-looking pig face.

 

Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

33. A) It’s often caused by a change of circumstances.

B) It usually doesn’t require any special attention.

C) It usually appears all of a sudden.

D) It usually lasts for several years.

34. A) They can’t mix well with others.

B) They emotionally receive their friends.

C) They depend severely on family members.

D) They share similar interests with friends.

35. A) They lack consistent support from peers.

B) They doubt their own popularity.

C) They were born psychologically weak.

D) They focus too much attention on themselves.

 

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

 

There was a time when any personal information that was gathered about us was typed on a piece of paper and (36) ________ away in a file cabinet. It could remain there for years and, often (37) ________, never reach the outside world.

Things have done a complete about-face since then. (38) ________ for the change has been the astonishingly (39) ________ development in recent years of the computer. Today, any data that is

(40) ________ about us in one place or another — and for one reason or another — can be stored in a computer bank. It can then be easily passed to other computer banks. They are owned by (41) ________ and by private businesses and corporations, lending (42) ________, direct mailing and telemarketing firms, credit bureaus, credit card companies, and government (43) ________ at the local, state, and federal level.

A growing number of Americans are seeing the accumulation and distribution of computerized date as a frightening invasion of their privacy. (44) ___________ _________________________________________________________ as the computer becomes increasingly efficient, easier to operate, and less costly to purchase and maintain. In 1970, a national survey showed that (45) ___________________________________________________ _________________. Seven years later, 47 percent expressed the same worry. (46) ____________ ________________________________________________________.

 

Part IV   Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

 

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

Walking, if you do it vigorously enough, is the overall best exercise for regular physical activity. It requires no equipment, everyone knows how to do it and it carries the   47   risk of injury. The human body is designed to walk. You can walk in parks or along a river or in your neighborhood. To get   48   benefit from walking, aim for 45 minutes a day, an average of five days a week.

Strength training is another important   49   of physical activity. Its purpose is to build and 50   bone and muscle mass, both of which shrink with age. In general, you will want to do strength training two or three days a week,   51   recovery days between sessions.

Finally, flexibility and balance training are   52   important as the body ages. Aches and pains are high on the list of complaints in old age. The result of constant muscle tension and stiffness of joints, many of them are   53  , and simple flexibility training can   54   these by making muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated (潤(rùn)滑 ). Some of this you do whenever you stretch. If you watch dogs and cats, you’ll get an idea of how natural it is. The general   55   is simple: whenever the body has been in one position for a while, it is good to   56   stretch it in an opposite position.

A) allowing                    F) helping                       K) prevent        B) avoidable                   G) increasingly                   L) principle C) briefly                      H) lowest                       M) provoke D) component                  I) maintain                      N) seriously E) determined                  J) maximum                     O) topic

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway.

So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed?

“Many policy measures to control obesity（肥胖癥）assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods,” note the two researchers.

“In contrast,” the researchers continue, “many regulations that don’t assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance — like food — of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems.”

The research references studies of people’s behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them:

Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren’t handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted（分配）based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.

Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that aren’t primarily food stores?

Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they’re easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.

 

57. What does the author say about junk food?

A) People should be educated not to eat too much.

B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.

C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.

D) It causes more harm than is generally realized.

58. What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?

A) They should be implemented effectively.

B) They provide misleading information.

C) They are based on wrong assumptions.

D) They help people make rational choices.

59. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?

A) Few people are able to resist alcohol’s temptations.

B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol.

C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.

D) Easy access leads to customers’ over-consumption.

60. What is the purpose of California’s rule about alcohol display in gas stations?

A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.

B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.

C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.

D) To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.

61. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?

A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food.

B) Enhancing people’s awareness of their own health.

C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.

D) Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy（破產(chǎn)）protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.

Although many attribute Kodak’s downfall to “complacency(自滿) ,” that explanation doesn’t acknow-ledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago, Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film — and in fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera in 1975 — but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business.

It wasn’t that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at Harvard Business School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time the company realized its mistake, it was too late.

Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching into new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses.

Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate（企業(yè)的） culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.

Kodak’s downfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the company commanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodak’s decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.

 

62. What do we learn about Kodak?

A) It went bankrupt all of a sudden.

B) It is approaching its downfall.

C) It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.

D) It is playing a dominant role in the film market.

63. Why does the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digital camera?

A) To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.

B) To show its effort to overcome complacency.

C) To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.

D) To show its will to compete with Japan’s Fuji photo.

64. Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?

A) They find it costly to give up their existing assets.

B) They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.

C) They are unwilling to invest in new technology.

D) They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.

65. What does the author say Kodak’s history has become?

A) A burden. 

B) A mirror. 

C) A joke. 

D) A challenge. 

66. What was Kodak’s fatal mistake? 

A) Its blind faith in traditional photography. 

B) Its failure to see Fuji photo’s emergence. 

C) Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics. 

D) Its overconfidence in its corporate culture. 

 

Part V Cloze (15 minutes) 

 

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

 

Whether you think you need daytime rest or not, picking up a nap（午睡）habit is a smart, healthy move. The Mayo Clinic says naps   67   relaxation, better mood and alertness, and a sharper working 68  . A 2008 British study found that compared to getting more nighttime sleep, a mid-day nap was the best way to cope   69   the mid-afternoon sleepiness.

According to the Harvard Health Letter, several studies have shown that people   70   new information better when they take a nap shortly after learning it. And, most   71  , a 2007 study of nearly 24,000 Greek adults in the Archives of Internal Medicine found that people who napped   72   had a 37 percent reduced risk of dying   73   heart disease compared to people who didn’t nap. 

Of course, napping isn’t   74   for everyone. If you’re suffering from inability to sleep, naps that are too long or taken too late in the day can   75   with your ability to fall or stay asleep at night.

But for most, naps can make you feel sharper and happier. Naps provide different benefits 76 on how long they are. A 20-minute nap will boost alertness and concentration; a 90-minute snooze（小睡）can   77   creativity.

According to prevention.com, you   78   a natural dip in body temperature   79   1 p.m. and 3 p.m. A short nap at this time can boost alertness   80   several hours and, for most people, shouldn’t   81   being able to fall asleep at night. 

Pick a dark, cozy place that’s not too warm or too chilly. prevention.com   82   snapping on the couch instead of in bed, so you’re less   83   to snooze for too long.

Surprisingly, the best place to take a nap may be a hammock（吊床）if you have one. A Swiss study   84   last year found that people fell asleep faster and had deeper sleep when they napped in a hammock than in a bed. That same rocking   85   that puts babies to sleep works 86   for grown-ups, too.

 

67. A) enforce        B) promote            C) operate             D) support            

68. A) feeling        B) frame               C) sense                D) mind 

69. A) with            B) aside                 C) about                D) upon 

70. A) remark     B) consider           C) remember         D) concern

71. A) reportedly    B) incredibly        C) constantly         D) frankly 

72. A) regularly     B) enormously              C) heavily             D) strongly 

73. A) off                     B) under                C) against              D) from 

74. A) exact           B) correct              C) right                 D) precise

75. A) influence     B) eliminate        C) compete            D) interfere

76. A) focusing     B) depending         C) relying             D) basing

77. A) enlarge        B) engage              C) enhance            D) enlighten

78. A) explore        B) experience         C) exercise            D) execute

79. A) between       B) amidst                     C) among                     D) besides

80. A) of               B) beyond             C) during                     D) for

81. A) produce              B) dispose             C) affect                D) hasten

82. A) illustrates     B) decides             C) predicts             D) recommends

83. A) inclined              B) involved           C) adopted             D) attracted

84. A) pronounced  B) published          C) discovered         D) cultivated

85. A) mood          B) model               C) motion              D) motive

86. A) wonders      B) passions            C) mystery            D) pleasure

 

Part VI  Translation (5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write you translation on Answer Sheet 2.

 

87. Although only in her teens, my sister is looking forward to _________________（獨(dú)自去海外學(xué)習(xí) ).

88. It’s true that we are not always going to succeed in our ventures, _______________（即使我們投入時(shí)間和金錢 ).

89. The old couple hoped that their son ________________（將不辜負(fù)他們的期望 ).

90. So badly _________________(他在車禍中受傷 )that he had to stay in the hospital for a whole year.

91. Nowadays, some people still have trouble ________________（從網(wǎng)上獲取信息 ).

2013年6月英語四級(jí)答案詳解

Part I      Writing

對(duì)白
子：Dad, I'm a bit worried about disposing of nuclear waste（處理核廢料）
父：If you can empty the dustbin（垃圾筒） here, you can do anything

范文：
The picture shows us a dialogue between a father and a son. The son told his father, “Dad, I’m a bit worried about disposing of nuclear waste”. While his father told him, “If you can empty the dustbin here you can do anything”. It reveals the importance of doing small things well before undertaking something big. There is also an old Chinese saying to go with this that a person can’t sweep the world before he can sweep his own room.

Unquestionably, doing small things is the first step of success and will layroot for doing something big. By doing something small, we are enabled to accumulate experience, master skills and train ourselves to be more patient. In other word, we can be well prepared for further challenges in the course of fulfilling small things. By contrast, those who set out to do something big will be constantly haunted by disappointment, frustrations or even failures. As when opportunity “something big” appears, they can hardly seize them because of the lack of experience and confidence stems from doing small things.Taking the picture presented above as a case in point, how can the little boy succeed in disposing of nuclear weapons if he even doesn’t know how to empty the dustbin?

From my perspective, under no circumstances should we undervalue the power of doing small things. Instead, we should regard small things as the source of experience, skills and the prerequisite of success. “Great achievement only belongs to those who can do small things perfectly.” Aristotle once said.

 

Part II     Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

1. A. they are not rescued once a new edition comes out
2. B. They haven’t fixed all the shortcomings of print books.
3. A. they find it troublesome to take notes with an iPad.
4. D. they are no more than print versions put on a screen
5. C. a platform for building multimedia content
6. A. share his learning experience with the best and brightest thinkers
7. C. professors can join in students’ online discussions
8. manpower to put together each one
9. cost
10. remains to be seen
【整體點(diǎn)評(píng)】
這是一篇討論電子課本能否取代紙質(zhì)課本的議論文。電子書在現(xiàn)在社會(huì)已逐漸推廣，因此，該話題對(duì)于考生而言并不陌生。文章通過對(duì)比，電子課本和紙質(zhì)課本的優(yōu)劣，最后，得出結(jié)論：電子課本未來能否取代紙質(zhì)課本仍然是一個(gè)未知數(shù)。文章整體脈絡(luò)清晰，論點(diǎn)鮮明�？忌�只要依照文章順序，按圖索驥，答對(duì)本篇閱讀中的題目還是相對(duì)容易的。
【逐題細(xì)評(píng)】
1. 答案：A. they are not rescued once a new edition comes out
解析：【細(xì)節(jié)題】。由關(guān)鍵詞the biggest problem 定位至文章第二段首句。由“But the worst part is that print editions of textbooks are constantly undergoing revisions.”可知，紙質(zhì)版課本最大的問題是經(jīng)常修訂，因此，正確答案為A。
2. 答案：B. They haven’t fixed all the shortcomings of print books.
解析：【細(xì)節(jié)題】。由第三段“Which is why digital textbooks, if they live up to their promise, could help ease many of these shortcomings. But till now, they’ve been something like a mirage (幻影) in the distance,”可知，電子課本沒能解決紙質(zhì)書的所有問題。因此，正確答案為B。
3. 答案：A. they find it troublesome to take notes with an iPad.
解析：【細(xì)節(jié)題】。由Kalpit Shah定位到第五段。由“They weren’t using it as a source of communication because they couldn’t read or write in it.”可知，他們不使用電子書，是因?yàn)樗麄儾荒苡秒娮訒�進(jìn)行讀寫，因此，正確答案為A。
4. 答案：D. they are no more than print versions put on a screen
解析：【細(xì)節(jié)題】。由Inkling CEO Matt Maclnnis 定位到第九段。由 “What I mean by that is the current perspective of the digital textbook is it’s an exact copy of the print book. There’s Course Smart, etc., these guys who take an image of the page and put it on a screen.”可知，Course Smart現(xiàn)在的電子課本只是對(duì)紙質(zhì)課本的復(fù)制，因此，正確答案為D。
5. 答案：C. a platform for building multimedia content
解析：【細(xì)節(jié)題】。由第十段首句“He calls Inkling a platform for publishers to build rich multimedia content from the ground up, with a heavy emphasis on real-world functionality.”可知，Matt Maclnnis 認(rèn)為，Inkling是為出版商搭建豐富的多媒體資源的一個(gè)平臺(tái)，因此，正確答案為C。
6. 答案：A. share his learning experience with the best and brightest thinkers
解析：【細(xì)節(jié)題】。由第14段首句 “But the most exciting part about Inkling，to me，is its notation (批注)system.”和第16段最后一句“The best comments are then sorted democratically by a voting system, meaning that your social learning experience is shared with the best and brightest thinkers.”，可知，最令作者興奮的是，它的批注系統(tǒng)可以讓用戶與最優(yōu)秀的人分享學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，因此，正確答案為A。
7. 答案：C. professors can join in students’ online discussions
解析：【細(xì)節(jié)題】。由第17段首句，“As a bonus, professors can even chime in (插話) on discussions.”可知，作為一項(xiàng)福利，教授們可以參與學(xué)生們的晚上討論，因此，正確答案為C。
8．答案：manpower to put together each one
解析：【細(xì)節(jié)題】。由第21段“Each interactive textbook is a media-heavy experience built from the ground up, and you can tell that it takes a respectable amount of manpower to put together each one.”可知，因此，答案為manpower to put together each one。
9．答案：cost
解析：【細(xì)節(jié)題】。由第22段“For now the app is also iPad-exclusive, and though a few of these educational institutions are giving the hardware away for free, for other students who don’t have such a luxury it，s an added layer of cost and an expensive one at that”可知，因此，答案為cost。
10. 答案：remains to be seen
解析：【細(xì)節(jié)題】。由23段“Whether digitally interactive ones like Inkling actually take off or not remains to be seen, and we probably won’t have a definite answer for the next few years.”可知，因此，答案為remains to be seen。

Part III    Listening Comprehension

Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
11.

W: What are you doing in here, Sir? Didn't you see the private sign over there?

M: I'm sorry. I didn't notice it when I came in. I'm looking for the manager's office.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

12.

W: Mike, what's the problem? You've known from month the report is due today.
M: I know, but I'm afraid I need another few days. The data is hard to interpret than I expected.
Q: What does the man mean?
13.
W: Excuse me, Tony. Has my parcel from New York arrived?
M: Unfortunately, it's been delayed due to the bad weather.
Q: What is the woman waiting for?
14.
W: Pam said we won't have the psychology test until the end of next week.
M: Ellen, you should know better than to take Pam's words for anything.
Q: What does the man imply about Pam?
15
W: Tom, would you please watch my suitcase for a minute? I need to go make a quick phone call.
M: Yeah, sure. Take your time. Our train doesn’t leave for another twenty minutes.
Q: What does the man mean?
16
M: Frankly, Mary is not what I'd called easy-going.
W: I see. People in our neighborhood find it hard to believe she's my twin sister.
Q: What does the woman imply?
17
M: How soon do you think this can be cleaned?
W: We have same day service, sir. You can pick up your suit after five o'clock.
Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?
18
W: I really enjoy that piece you just play on the piano. I bet you get a lot of requests for it.
M: You said it. People just can't get enough of it.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

長(zhǎng)對(duì)話1
Questions 19-22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
W: Good afternoon, Mr. Jones. I am Teresa Chen, and I’ll be interviewing you. How are you today?
M: I am fine, thank you. And you, Miss Chen?
W: Good, Thanks. Can you tell me something about your experience in this kind of work?
M: Well, for several years, I managed a department for the Brownstone Company in Detroit, Michigan. Now I work part time because I also go to school at night. I’m getting a business degree.
W: Oh, how interesting. Tell me, why do you want to leave your present job?
M: I’ll finish school in a few months, and I’d like a full-time position with more responsibility.
W: And why would you like to work for our company?
M: Because I know your company’s work and I like it.
W: Could you please tell me about your special skills and interests?
M: Of course, I’m good at computers and I can speak Spanish. I used to take classes in Spanish at the local college. And I like travelling a lot.
W: Can you give me any references?
M: Yes, certainly. You can talk to Mr. Macaw, my boss, at the Brownstone Company. I could also give you the names and numbers of several of my teachers.
W: All right, Mr. Jones, and would you like to ask me any questions?
M: Yes, I wonder when I’ll be informed about my application for the job.
W: Well, we’ll let you know as soon as possible. Let’s stay in touch. Thank you very much for coming this afternoon.
M: Thank you.
Questions 19-22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. What does the man say about his working experience?
20. Why does the man want to leave his present job?
21. What is the man interested in?
22. What question did the man ask the woman?
【總評(píng)】
這是一篇以面試為場(chǎng)景的聽力對(duì)話。與采訪類對(duì)話相似的是，發(fā)問者的問題往往是題目定位的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，而被采訪者的回答往往是題目的答案。所以，對(duì)于考生來說，根據(jù)題干信息，準(zhǔn)確定位是解題的關(guān)鍵。
19. B. He worked at the Brownstone Company for several years.
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞working experience可定位至Can you tell me something about your experience in this kind of work? 根據(jù)男士的回答可知，他曾在Brownstone Company工作了很多年。因此，正確答案為B。
20. D. He prefers a full-time job with more responsibility.
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞leave his present job可定位至Tell me, why do you want to leave your present job? 根據(jù)男士的回答可知，他想要一份全職的工作。因此，正確答案為D。
21. A. Travel.
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞interested in可定位至Could you please tell me about your special skills and interests? 根據(jù)男士的回答可知，他喜歡旅游。因此，正確答案為A。
22. C. When he will be informed about his application.
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干可定位至would you like to ask me any questions? 根據(jù)男士的回答可知，男士想知道的是何時(shí)通知面試結(jié)果。因此，正確答案為C。

長(zhǎng)對(duì)話2
Questions 23-25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
M: Lisa, Lisa! Over here, darling! It's wonderful to see you. Oh, Lisa, you look marvelous.
W: Oh, Paul, you look tired. Two months away in the capital? Paul, I think you've been working too hard.

M: I'm fine. The city is very hot this time of the year. It's good to get back to some fresh air. You know, Lisa, what they say about pregnant women really is true.

W: What's that Paul?

M: They say they look beautiful.

W: Well, I had a lot of tension while you've been studying hard on your course in D.C.

M: Oh?

W: Oh, don't worry, all from a man over 50. Father has told all his business friends the good news about the baby. And the phone hasn't stopped ringing.

M: Oh, look, darling. There's a taxi.

W: Paul, tell me about the special project you mentioned on the phone. You sounded very excited about it!

M: You know, I've learned a lot from the project. I'm surprised that was still in business.

W: That's because we have a wonderful sales manager ——you!

M: Thanks. But that's not the problem at all. Lisa, our little company, and it is little compared to the giants in the city. Our little company's in danger. We are out of date.We need to expand. If we don't, we will be swallowed up by one of the giants.

Questions 23-25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

23. What do we learn about Lisa?

24. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?

25. What does the man say about his company?
【總評(píng)】這是一段夫婦間的日常對(duì)話。丈夫出差歸來，對(duì)話前半部分談?wù)撾p方的近況，后半部分則將話題轉(zhuǎn)移到公司的商業(yè)項(xiàng)目上。考生解題的關(guān)鍵在于，抓住對(duì)話中的提示詞，定位或推測(cè)答案。
23. B. She is pregnant.

【解析】推測(cè)題。根據(jù)對(duì)話前半段的提示信息，如what they say about pregnant women really is true.及Father has told all his business friends the good news about the baby. 可推測(cè)出，Lisa懷孕了。因此，正確答案為B。

24. A. He works as a sales manager.

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)女士說的That's because we have a wonderful sales manager —— you. 可知，男士是一個(gè)sales manager。因此，正確答案是A。

25. D. It is in urgent need of further development.

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞his company可定位至最后一輪對(duì)話。根據(jù)男士所說的Our little company's in danger. We are out of date. We need to expand.可知，公司需要擴(kuò)張，further development是對(duì)expand的同義置換。因此，正確答案是D。

Section B

Passage 1
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Farming ton, Utah, is a more pleasant community since a local girls' 4-H club improved Main Street. Six 4-H girls worked to clean the 72 foot curbside that was covered with weeds, rocks and trash. Each member volunteered to clean up and to dig in plot, five flats of flowers. They also took terms in watering, weeding and maintaining the plot. Participation in this project helped the girls developed a new attitude towards their parents of their own homes; they've learned how to work with tools, and improve their work habits. One mother said that before her daughter was involved in this project, she would not even pour a weed. The experience on Main Street stimulated self-improvement, and encouraged members to take pride in their home grounds and the total community. City officials cooperated with the 4-H members in planting trees, building cooking facilities, pick-me tables, swings and public rest rooms. The 4-H girls planted trees and took care of them during the early stages of growth. The total park project needed more plantings in the following years. Members of the 4-H club agreed to follow the project through to completion, because they receive satisfaction from the results of constructive work. The project is a growing one and is spread from the park to the school and the shopping center. Trees and flowers have all been planted in the shopping center, making the atmosphere pleasant.
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. What do we learn about Main Street in Farlington?
27. What do the 4-H club members do about the curbside?
28. What have the 4-H girls learned from the project?
29. Why do the 4-H girls agree to follow the park project through to complete.

Question 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Passage 2
According to a survey on reading conducted in 2001 by the U.S. National Education Association (NEA), young Americans say reading is important, more important than computers and science. Over 50% of the 12 to 18 years old interviewed say they enjoy reading a lot. 79% find it stimulating and interesting. And 87% think it is relaxing. About 68% of those surveyed disagreed with the opinion that reading is boring or old-fashioned.
Over half teenagers interviewed said they read more than ten books a year. The results also show that middle school students read more books than high schoolery. Over 66% of teens like to read fiction, such as novels and stories. Over 26% are interested in non-fiction, such history books.64% of students listed reading stories about people my own age. That's a favorite topic. Mysteries and detective stories came second on the list at 53%. Just under 50% said they were interested in reading about their own culture in tradition. Of the teenagers who participated in the survey, 49% said that libraries are where they get most of their books. However, many complain that their school libraries do not have enough up-to-date interesting books and magazines. Even though many teenagers in the US enjoy reading, they still have other interests. When asked which activity would be the most difficult to give up for a week, 48% said listening to music. TV would be difficult to give up for 25% of those surveyed.
Question 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
30. What does the survey on teenager reading show?
31. What books are most popular among teenagers according to the survey?
32. What activity do teenagers find the most difficult to give up for a week?
Passage 2
【總評(píng)】本篇文章以閱讀調(diào)查報(bào)告為話題，貼近生活，容易理解。但文章中數(shù)據(jù)很多，所以邊聽邊適當(dāng)記錄一下數(shù)字，便于做題分析。
30.答案：A. The majority of them find it interesting.
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。文章開篇談到根據(jù)調(diào)查，美國(guó)年輕人認(rèn)為閱讀很重要，并進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)比電腦和科學(xué)更重要。緊接著又?jǐn)[出數(shù)據(jù)：Over 50% of the 12 to 18 years old interviewed say they enjoy reading a lot. 79% find it stimulating and interesting. 超過50%的青少年很喜歡閱讀。79%認(rèn)為閱讀很有促進(jìn)作用、很有趣。因此，正確答案為A。
31.答案：B. Novels and stories.
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。文章中間部分談到讀各類書籍的人數(shù)比例時(shí)，提到Over 66% of teens like to read fiction, such as novels and stories. 64% of students listed reading stories about people my own age. That's a favorite topic.超過66%的青少年喜歡讀小說和故事。因此，正確答案為B。
32.答案：A. Listening to music.
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。文章最后部分談到最難放棄的活動(dòng)時(shí)，提到一句話“When asked which activity would be the most difficult to give up for a week, 48% said listening to music. TV would be difficult to give up for 25% of those surveyed.” 48%認(rèn)為一周不碰的活動(dòng)最難舍棄的就是聽音樂，25%認(rèn)為是看電視。因此正確答案為A。

Questions 33-35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

Passage 3
Thank you for coming, everyone. Today’s presentation will show how we see the development of the motor car in the short to medium term, and that is why we have invited all of you here today. Let’s start with power. It’s clear that petrol-driven engines have no future. Already there are many alternative fuel vehicles on the market, powered by anything from solar power to natural gas. Some independent thinkers have even produced cars that run on vegetable oil. But as we all know, of all these alternative fuel vehicles, the most practical are electric vehicles. Sure, in the past electric vehicles have their problems, namely, a limited driving range, and very few recharging points, which limited their use. Now, however, recent developments in electric vehicle technology mean they can match conventional petrol engines in terms of performance and safety. Let’s not forget that electric vehicles are cleaner. Plus, importantly, the power source is rechargeable, so this does not involve using any valuable resources. Moving on to communications, very soon, cars will be linked to GPS satellites, so they’ll do all the driving for you. What controls remain for the users will be audio-based, so, for example, you’ll just have to say “a bit warmer”, and the air conditioning will adjust automatically. You’ll also be able to receive email, music and movies, all via an internet link. So just type in the destination you want, sit back, sleep, watch your movie, whatever.
Questions 33-35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33. What is the presentation mainly about?
34. What used to restrict the use of electric vehicles?
35. What does the speaker say about electric vehicles of today?

Section C
My favorite TV show? “The Twilight Zone.” I especially like the episode called “The Printer’s Devil.” It’s about a newspaper editor who’s being driven out of business by a big newspaper syndicate – you know, a group of papers owned by the same people. He is about to commit suicide when he is interrupted by an old man who says his name is Smith. The editor is not only offered 5,000 dollars to pay off his newspaper’s debts, but this Smith character also offers his services for free. It turns out that the guy operates the printing machine with amazing speed, and soon he is turning out newspapers with shocking headlines. The small paper is successful again. The editor is amazed at how quickly Smith gets his stories – only minutes after they happen – but soon he is presented with a contract to sign. Mr. Smith, it seems, is really the devil! The editor is frightened by this news, but he is more frightened by the idea of losing his newspaper, so he agrees to sign. But soon Smith is reporting the news even before it happens – and it’s all terrible – one disaster after another. Anyway, there is a little more to tell, but I don’t want to ruin the story for you. I really like these old episodes of the Twilight Zone, because the stories are fascinating. They are not realistic. But then again, in a way they are, because they deal with human nature.

 

Part IV    Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)

【答案】
47. H. lowest
48. J. maximum
49. D. component
50. I. maintain
51. A. allowing
52. G. increasingly
53. B. avoidable
54. K. prevent
55. L. principle
56. C. briefly【解析】
47. 答案：H. lowest
【解析】：
根據(jù)上下文可以判斷需要選擇一個(gè)形容詞來修飾risk，根據(jù)句子意思，需要選擇lowest“最低的”，句子的意思是：人人都知道怎么步行，并且步行受傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最低。因此正確答案為H. lowest。
48. 答案：J. maximum
【解析】：
根據(jù)上下文可以判斷需要選擇一個(gè)形容詞來修飾maximum，根據(jù)句子的意思，需要選擇maximum“最大的”，句子的意思是：為了從步行中獲得最大的收益……。因此正確答案為J. maximum。
49. 答案：D. component
【解析】：
根據(jù)上下文可以判斷需要選擇一個(gè)名詞來與important搭配，根據(jù)句意判斷strength training力量訓(xùn)練應(yīng)該是physical activity體育活動(dòng)的一個(gè)組成部分，所以要用component“部分、成分”。因此正確答案為D. component。
50. I. maintain
【解析】：
根據(jù)上下文可以判斷需要選擇一個(gè)動(dòng)詞原型與build做并列成分，根據(jù)句意“力量訓(xùn)練的目的是為了增強(qiáng)和____骨骼和肌肉質(zhì)量”，所以選擇maintain“維持”符合文意。因此正確答案為I. maintain。
51. 答案：A. allowing
【解析】：
根據(jù)上下文可以判斷需要選擇現(xiàn)在分詞引導(dǎo)伴隨狀語，根據(jù)上一句“一般而言，你會(huì)想要每周做兩到三次力量訓(xùn)練”，而這么做會(huì)使你在訓(xùn)練之間有恢復(fù)期，所以選allowing“允許，使（可能）”符合文意。因此正確答案為A. allowing。
52. 答案：G. increasingly
【解析】：
根據(jù)上下文可以判斷需要選擇副詞修飾形容詞important，而根據(jù)句子的意思可以得知“隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，柔韌性和平衡感訓(xùn)練愈發(fā)重要”，所以increasingly符合文意。因此正確答案為G. increasingly。
53. 答案：B. avoidable
【解析】：
根據(jù)上下文可以判斷需要選擇形容詞作為be動(dòng)詞are后面的表語，由上文可知經(jīng)常性肌肉緊張和關(guān)節(jié)僵硬，這些是可以通過運(yùn)動(dòng)避免的，所以avoidable“可避免的”符合文意。因此正確答案為B. avoidable。
54. 答案：K. prevent
【解析】：
根據(jù)上下文可以判斷需要選擇動(dòng)詞原形，該句話中的these指代上文的“經(jīng)常性肌肉緊張和關(guān)節(jié)僵硬”，下文中提到“通過讓肌肉更強(qiáng)壯和使關(guān)節(jié)潤(rùn)滑”，可知?jiǎng)釉~應(yīng)該為prevent“預(yù)防，阻止”。因此正確答案為K. prevent。
55. 答案：L. principle
【解析】：
根據(jù)上下文可以判斷需要選擇名詞與general“一般的，大體的”搭配，根據(jù)后文可知選擇principle“原則”。因此正確答案為L(zhǎng). principle。
56. 答案：C. briefly
【解析】：
根據(jù)上下文可以判斷需要選擇副詞來修飾動(dòng)詞stretch“伸展”，根據(jù)句意“只要身體保持某個(gè)姿勢(shì)有一定時(shí)間了，用反向的姿勢(shì)稍微伸展一下身體是很有用的”。可知briefly“短暫地；簡(jiǎn)要地”符合文意。因此正確答案為C. briefly。
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway.
So here's a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed?
"Many policy measures to control obesity （肥胖癥）assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods," note the two researchers.
"In contrast," the researchers continue, "many regulations that don't assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance -- like food -- of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems."
The research references studies of people’s behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them:
Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren't handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted （分配）based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.
Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that aren’t primarily food stores?
Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they're easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.
注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。
【總評(píng)】這是一篇討論控制垃圾食品消費(fèi)的議論文。文章介紹了Rand公司兩位研究人員的建議：即借鑒控酒措施的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，對(duì)售賣此類食品的地點(diǎn)和方式進(jìn)行控制。文中具體介紹了這么做的原因以及一些具體條例。
57.What does the author say about junk food?
A) People should be educated not to eat too much.
B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.
C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.
D) It causes more harm than is generally realized.
答案：C . Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.
【解析】推理題。由關(guān)鍵詞Junk food定位至文章第一段。由“Junk food is everywhere. We're eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we're doing and yet we do it anyway.（垃圾食品無處不在，這樣的食品我們吃得實(shí)在是太多了，我們大多數(shù)人都知道我們?cè)谧鍪裁矗�但是我們還是在這么做）”可知，垃圾食品對(duì)人們的誘惑實(shí)在是太強(qiáng)了，以至于人們無法抵擋。選項(xiàng)B中的“ill reputation”在文中沒有提到，所以，正確答案為C。
58.What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?
A) They should be implemented effectively.
B) They provide misleading information.
C) They are based on wrong assumptions.
D) They help people make rational choices.
答案：C. They are based on wrong assumptions.
【解析】推理題。由關(guān)鍵詞policy measures, obesity定位至文章第三段。文中提到“Many policy measures to control obesity (肥胖癥）assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat (很多控制肥胖癥的政策都是假定人們能夠有意識(shí)、理智地選擇吃什么、吃多少)”，而第四段中進(jìn)一步提到“In contrast… many regulations that don't assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol（那些沒有假定人們會(huì)作出理智選擇的規(guī)章條例在控酒方面取得了成功）”。由此可以推知，很多控制肥胖癥的政策措施都是基于錯(cuò)誤的假設(shè)前提的，所以，正確答案為C。
59.Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?
A) Few people are able to resist alcohol’s temptations.
B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol.
C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.
D) Easy access leads to customers' over-consumption.
答案：D. Easy access leads to customers' over-consumption.
【解析】推理題。由關(guān)鍵詞density restrictions，obesity定位至文章倒數(shù)第三段。由“These（即density restrictions） make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.”可知，因?yàn)橘徺I的途徑很簡(jiǎn)單的話會(huì)導(dǎo)致消費(fèi)者過度消費(fèi)。所以要頒布這樣一項(xiàng)限制措施，就是為了減少人們購買酒類飲品的數(shù)量。所以，正確答案為D。
60.What is the purpose of California’s rule about alcohol display in gas stations?
A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.
B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.
C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.
D) To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.
答案：D. To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.
【解析】推理題。由關(guān)鍵詞California定位至文章最后一段。Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they're easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines.關(guān)鍵詞display，由此可知主要強(qiáng)調(diào)要把垃圾食品淡出人們的視線。所以，正確答案為D。
61.What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?
A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food.
B) Enhancing people’s awareness of their own health.
C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.
D. Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means
答案：C. Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。由關(guān)鍵詞Rand researchers定位到第二段。文中提到“So here's a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it's displayed? take a lesson即borrow ideas，由此可知，Rand公司的研究人員建議借鑒控酒措施的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，所以，正確答案為C。

Section B Passage 2
【總評(píng)】本文為我們分析了柯達(dá)公司雖然看到了市場(chǎng)前景，但是并沒有在戰(zhàn)略上把握機(jī)會(huì)，等意識(shí)到錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，已經(jīng)為時(shí)已晚，并最終走向衰敗。對(duì)于一出生就接觸各種數(shù)碼產(chǎn)品的考生來說，柯達(dá)也許是個(gè)并不熟悉的企業(yè)，這或許會(huì)對(duì)閱讀帶來一定影響。而且本文也有不少商務(wù)用語，如strategy（戰(zhàn)略，策略）、sponsorship（贊助），及一些關(guān)鍵詞如anticipate（預(yù)期、預(yù)計(jì)）等，難度并不算小。所以平時(shí)對(duì)于詞匯的積累是快速理解閱讀內(nèi)容的關(guān)鍵。
62. B. It's approaching its downfall.
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。從全文第一句中的bankruptcy (破產(chǎn)) 以及第二段第一句Although many attribute Kodak's downfall to "complacency"... 可知柯達(dá)已經(jīng)衰落了。所以正確答案為B。
根據(jù)第全文第一句…a sad, though not unexpected turning point… 可知柯達(dá)的衰敗，是早有預(yù)期的，而不是突然的，排除答案A. It went bankrupt all of a sudden；
根據(jù)第一段最后一句... but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution可知柯達(dá)最終沒有適應(yīng)數(shù)字革命，排除答案C. It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry；
根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容，dominate用的是過去分詞形式，即柯達(dá)在膠卷市場(chǎng)占主導(dǎo)地位是過去的事實(shí)，而非現(xiàn)今，排除答案D. It is playing the dominant role in the film market.
63. A. To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.
【解析】推理題。柯達(dá)發(fā)明第一臺(tái)數(shù)碼相機(jī)的例子出現(xiàn)在第二段，該段一開始指出很多人將柯達(dá)的衰敗歸結(jié)于柯達(dá)的自滿，但是這個(gè)解釋并沒有承認(rèn)柯達(dá)在自我改造上做出的努力。接下來作者用柯達(dá)發(fā)明了第一臺(tái)數(shù)碼相機(jī)來例證柯達(dá)在reinvent上的嘗試。所以正確答案為A。
答案C. To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.與第一段最后一句ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution. 相沖突，且發(fā)明了第一臺(tái)數(shù)碼相機(jī)并不足以說明其順應(yīng)了數(shù)碼革命。
64. D. They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞large companies和switch定位到第四段最后一句Large companies have a difficult time switching to new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses. 根據(jù)此句可知，大公司不能進(jìn)入新市場(chǎng)的原因是他們?cè)陂_創(chuàng)新業(yè)務(wù)的過程中，依然不愿放棄現(xiàn)有的優(yōu)勢(shì)。接來下第五段用柯達(dá)的事例繼續(xù)闡釋了這句話的含義，即 too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future，沉溺于過去的輝煌，而不能完全擁抱未來。所以正確答案為D. They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.
65. A. A burden.
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句話Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.可知柯達(dá)的歷史已成自身發(fā)展的負(fù)擔(dān)。burden是對(duì)liability的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。所以正確答案為A。
66. C. Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。最后一段第一句說柯達(dá)在過去幾十年間的衰敗是戲劇性的。之后通過一個(gè)個(gè)例子來舉例說明。從文中Kodak’s decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation.可知柯達(dá)犯的主要錯(cuò)誤是沒有贊助1984年的奧林匹克。而對(duì)手富士拿到了競(jìng)標(biāo)，并由此贏得了市場(chǎng)上的永久立足點(diǎn)。所以正確答案為C。

 

Part V     Cloze

Whether you think you need daytime rest or not, picking up a nap habit—or continuing to make time for one—is a smart, healthy move. Consider the evidence: The Mayo Clinic says naps promote relaxation, reduced fatigue, better mood and alertness, and a sharper-working mind. A 2008 British study found that compared to getting more nighttime sleep or guzzling caffeine, a mid-day nap was the best way to cope with the mid-afternoon slump.
According to the Harvard Health Letter, several studies have shown that people remember new information better when they take a nap shortly after learning it. And, most incredibly, a 2007 study of nearly 24,000 Greek adults in the Archives of Internal Medicine found that people who napped regularly had a 37 percent reduced risk of dying from heart disease compared to people who didn’t nap.
Of course, napping isn’t right for everyone. If you’re prone to insomnia, naps that are too long or taken too late in the day can interfere with your ability to fall or stay asleep at night. Also, people with certain sleep disorders, like sleep apnea or narcolepsy, may feel more tired if they take a nap than if they don’t.
But for most, naps can make you feel sharper and happier. Naps provide different benefits depending on how long they are, says MentalFloss.com. A 20-minute nap will boost alertness and concentration; a 90-minute snooze can enhance creativity.
According to Prevention.com, you experience a natural dip in body temperature between 1 p.m. and 3 p.m. A power nap at this time can boost alertness forseveral hours and, for most people, shouldn’t affect being able to fall asleep at night.
Pick a dark, cozy place that’s not too warm or too chilly. Prevention.com recommends napping on the couch instead of in bed, so you’re less tempted to snooze for too long.
Surprisingly, the best place to crash may be a hammock if you have one. A Swiss study publishedlast year found that people fell asleep faster and had deeper sleep when they napped in a hammock than in a bed. That same rocking motion that lulls babies to sleep works wonders for grown-ups too.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：本篇完形填空摘自Read’s Digest， 再次體現(xiàn)了四六級(jí)考試頻繁使用外刊素材的特點(diǎn)。
本篇文章主要講述了睡午覺的好處。不管你是否覺得有睡午覺的必要，養(yǎng)成這樣的習(xí)慣可以讓你有效對(duì)抗下午的困頓。但是，睡午覺也未必適合每個(gè)人。如果你本身已經(jīng)有失眠的問題，睡午覺會(huì)讓你晚上更難入睡。
除了通過上下文理解才能得出答案的題目之外，仍然考察了一些語法點(diǎn)。比如第69題，A 2008 British study found that compared to getting more nighttime sleep, a mid-day nap was the best way to cope __69___ the mid-afternoon sleepiness. 這里明顯考察的就是詞組cope with.表示處理、應(yīng)對(duì)。
再比如第73題，And most incredibly, a 2007 study of nearly 24,000 Greek adults in the Archives of Internal Medicine found that people who napped regularly had a 37% reduced risk of dying __73__ heart disease ……這里也非常明顯的考察了詞組die from
同時(shí)也考察了對(duì)動(dòng)詞詞義的辨析。例如第77題，A 20-minute nap will boost alertness and concentration; a 90-minute snooze will __77___creativity.
選項(xiàng)包括了enlarge, engage, enhance 和enlighten. 根據(jù)前半句話的含義可知，20分鐘午睡可以提高專注度，那么90分鐘的午睡就更應(yīng)該對(duì)創(chuàng)造力有益了。通過對(duì)4個(gè)選項(xiàng)的分析，只有enhance能夠表達(dá)這個(gè)意思。此處除了要搞清楚4個(gè)選項(xiàng)本身的含義外，還要注意運(yùn)用上下文來進(jìn)行最終判斷。
總體來說，整篇文章難度并不大，也沒有出現(xiàn)過于生僻的表述方式。只要能夠清楚辨析選項(xiàng)，熟悉搭配，并且充分理解上下文，就能夠順利完成本篇完形填空。

 

Part VI    Translation

87. Although only in her teens, my sister is looking forward to_________________（獨(dú)自去海外學(xué)習(xí)）.
【參考答案】：87. studying abroad by herself
88. It's true that we are not always going to succeed in our ventures,_______________（即使我們投入時(shí)間和金錢）.
【參考答案】：88. even if we invest time and money in them
89. The old couple hoped that their son________________（將不辜負(fù)他們的期望）.
【參考答案】：89. would live up to their expectations
90. So hardly_________________（他在車禍中受傷）that he had to stay in the hospital for a whole year.
【參考答案】：90. had he been injured in the traffic accident
91. Nowadays, some people still have trouble________________（從網(wǎng)上獲取信息）.
【參考答案】：91.obtainning information from the internet