Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.

　　Sign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique - a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new light on an old scientific controversy: whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born with, or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D.C., the worlds only liberal arts university for deaf people.

　　When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something odd: among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher.

　　Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混雜英語). But Stokoe believed the "hand talk" his students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually have a genuine language? And could that language be unlike any other on Earth? It was 1955, when even deaf peopie dismissed their signing as "substandard". Stokoes idea was academic heresy (異端邪說).

　　It is 37 years later. Stokoe - now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture - is having lunch at a caf6 near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution. For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese. They assumed language must be based on speech, the modulation (調(diào)節(jié)) of sound. But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of space. "What I said," Stokoe explains, "is that language is not mouth stuff- its brain stuff."

　　11. The study of sign language is thought to be

　　A) an approach to simplifying the grammatical structure of a language

　　B) an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of language

　　C) a challenge to traditional views on the nature of language

　　D) a new way to took at the learning of language [C]

　　12.The present growing interest in sign language was stimulated by

　　A) a leading specialist in the study Of liberal arts

　　B) an English teacer in a university for the deaf

　　C) Some senior experts in American Sign Language

　　D) a famous Scholar in thestudy of the human brain

　　13. According to Stokoe, sign language is

　　A) an international language C) an artificial language

　　B) a substandard language D) a genuine language [D]

　　14. Most educators objected to Stokoes idea because they thought

　　A) a language should be easy to use and understand

　　B) sign language was tOO artificial to be widely accepted

　　C) a language could only exist in the form of speech sounds

　　D) sign language was not extensively used even by deaf people [C]

　　15. Stokoes argument is based on his belief that

　　A) language is a product of the brain

　　B) language is a system of meaningful codes

　　C) sign language is derived from natural language

　　D) sign language is as efficient as any other language [A]