204. By contrast, the risk of death for driversbetween 30 and 59 decreases with eachadditional passenger.

　　英語四級譯文:

　　與此相反，30到59歲之間的司機在載有乘客時出車禍的幾率隨著乘客的增多而減小。

　　四級詞匯講解:

　　本句的主干是the risk of death decreases。between30 and 59修飾drivers;with引導伴隨狀語。

　　by contrast意為“相反”，相當于in contrist。如:

　　The coastal areas have mild winters，but by contrast the central plains become extremelycold.沿海地區(qū)的冬天天氣暖和，而與此相反，中部平原卻會異常寒冷。

　　英語四級考點歸納:

　　by contrast與in contrast含義相同，都表示“相反，大不相同”。與此含義相同的短語或者詞匯還有onthe contrary, conversely和oppositely，它們的區(qū)別在于:

　　※ by contrast與in contrast都只強調(diào)所比較的事物是不同的。如:

　　But, in contrast, it is only in modern times that Galiteo has become a problem child forhistorians of science.但是相比之下，對于科學史學家來說，伽利略唯有在現(xiàn)代才被看做是問題小孩。

　　※ on the contrary多用于觀點或想法，暗示有很多不同方面的選擇。如:

　　He is not poor, on the contrary, he is a millionaire.他不窮，相反，他是個百萬富翁。

　　※ conversely暗示所比較的兩者截然相反。如:

　　Describe your greatest accomplishment and why it is important to you and,conversely, yourgreatest disappointment and what you learned from that exprience.描寫你最大的成就，并說明對你而言它為何重要，還要描寫與此相反的你最大的失敗經(jīng)歷以及從中得到的教訓。

　　※ oppositely暗示所比較的兩者之間矛盾突出而尖銳。如:

　　My plan for career is not single, oppositely，I tend to expand my work into diversification.我的職業(yè)規(guī)劃不是單一的，相反，我傾向于在不同的領域中開拓事業(yè)。